Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Solutions To Set 1
Solutions To Set 1
= 23 ( Given cardinality of S = 3 )
= 8
4) Which of the following is true ?
a) ( A – B ) ∩ ( A ∩ B ) = A c) ( A – B ) ∩ ( A ∩ B ) = B
b) ( A – B ) ∩ ( A ∩ B ) = Φ d) ( A – B ) ∩ ( A ∩ B ) = A – B
Sol: Option: (B)
By Venn diagram:
A-B
B-A
A B
A∩B
(A–B)∩(A∩B)=Φ
5) Let P ( S ) denotes the power set of the set S , the dual of the lattice ( P(S), ⊆ ) is
a) Doesn’t exist b) ( P(S), ⊆ ) c) ( P(S), ⊇ ) d) ( S,⊇)
Sol: Option: (C)
Dual of lattice can be obtained by interchanging V ¢ Л and ⊆ with ⊇
6) In a room containing 35 people, there are 15 people who speak Hindi, 19 people who
speak Telugu and 22 people who speak Kannada , 10 persons who speak Hindi & Telugu,
11 persons speak both Telugu and Kannada whereas 15 persons speak both Kannada and
English. How many people speak all the three languages ?
a) 6 b) 9 c) 12 d) 15
Sol: Option: (D)
Given, to find n ( H ∩ T ∩ K )
n ( H U T U K ) = n( H ) + n( T ) + n( K ) – n( H ∩ T ) – n( T ∩ K ) – n( K ∩ H ) + n ( H ∩ T ∩ K )
n ( H ∩ T ∩ K ) = n ( H U T U K ) – { n( H ) + n( T ) + n( K ) – n( H ∩ T ) – n( T ∩ K ) – n( K ∩ H ) }
= 35 – { 15+19+22-10-11-15 }
= 35- { 56-36 }
= 15
A A
B
B C C
A∩B∩C AI ∩ B ∩ C
B C
A A
C B
CI BI
Sol:
A: R1 = { (a,a) (c,c) }
Symmetric:
It fails only when if element of type (a,b) is present and (b,a) doesn’t
present. Other than this remaining all are Symmetric, So it is Symmetric.
Anti-Symmetric:
It fails when elements of type (a,b) & (b,a) are present. So it is Anti-
Symmetric.
Transitive:
It fails when elements of type (a,b) (b,c) present & (a,c) is not present.
Given (a,a) (c,c) is transitive.
9) Let A = { a,b,c } and a relation on set A is defined as S = { (a,b) (b,c) (a,c) (c,c) (a,a) (b,a)
} which of the following is true ?
a) R Is equivalence relation
b) R is Irreflexive relation ( or ) Anti-symmetric
c) R is Symmetric ( or ) Asymmetric relation
d) R is Transitive
Sol:
Given S = { (a,b) (b,c) (a,c) (c,c) (a,a) (b,a) }
A: It is not reflexive because we don’t have (b,b) in S. So it is not equivalence.
B: It is not irreflexive because we have (a,a) (c,c) in S and it not anti-symmetric
because we have symmetry for (q,b) as (b,a).
C: It is not symmetric because we don’t have symmetry for (a,c) and it is not
asymmetry because we have (a,a) (c,c).
D: It is transitive because set S satisfies transitive property.
10) Let A = {7,11,2} , R = { (7,7) (7,11) (11,11) (2,2) (11,2) (11,7) } the relation R is ?
a) Equivalence
b) Reflexive, not symmetric and not transitive
c) Reflexive, not symmetric and transitive
d) None of these
Sol: Option: (B)
R = { (7,7) (7,11) (11,11) (2,2) (11,2) (11,7) }
It is reflexive because set R contains all (x,x) ∈ A
It is not transitive because it doesn’t have (7,2) for (7,11) and (11,2)
It is not symmetric because we don’t have symmetry for (11,2)
following is true ?
a) P is equivalence relation
b) P forms a lattice
c) P is a partial order relation
d) P is not an equivalence relation
Sol: Suppose if we consider (1,0) & (0,1), it satisfies given relation P
[Since, 12 + 0 2= 1,
02 + 12 = 1]
12) If a binary relation R on set S is reflexive, Anti-symmetric and transitive then R is,
a) Equivalence relation c) Totally ordered
b) Partially ordered d) None of these
Sol: Option: (B)
By definition of partial order
13) A Boolean algebra is only a
a) Complemented group c) Distributive poset
b) Complemented & distributive set d) Complemented & distributive lattice
Sol: Option: (D)
In order to be Boolean Algebra it should be complemented and distributive lattice.
14) Let a relation R be defined on the set of all real numbers by a R b <=> 1 + ab > 0 thus R
is ?
a) Reflexive. Transitive but not Symmetric
b) Reflexive. Symmetric but not Transitive
c) Symmetric, Transitive but not Reflexive
d) An equivalence relation
Sol: Option: (B)
1: 1 + ab > 0
1 + (0)(a) = 1+ a2 > 0
∴ (a,a) ∈ R
R is reflexive
2: Let (a,b) € R => 1 + ab > 0
∴R is symmetric
Ex:
So transitivity fails.
PARTIAL
15)The Poset [ { 2,3,6,9,18,24 } ] is
a) Join semi but not meet semi lattice
b) Meet semi lattice but not join
c) A lattice
d) Neither a join nor meet semi lattice
Sol: Option: (D)
POSET Diagram:
18 24
6 9
2 3
From above poset diagram, we are having 2 minimal elements & 2 maximal
elements.
Since for 2 minimal elements they will not be GLB & for 2 maximal elements they
will not be LUB
16)The poset diagram of a poset P= { a,b,c,d,e,f } is shown below
f
d e
b c
a
Which of the following is not true ?
a) P is a lattice
b) The subset { b,c,e,d } of P is a lattice
c) The poset { a,b,e,f } of P is a lattice
d) The subset { a,b,c,e } of P is a lattice.
Sol: Option: (B)
Explanation:
A: From the poset diagram , we are having one LUB & GLB value.
∴P is a lattice
B: { b,c,d,e }
d e
b c
From the above poset diagram, we are having 2 maximal value & 2 minimal
value
So for 2 maximal value & 2 minimal value we don’t have Greatest Lower Bound
(GLB) & Least Upper Bound (LUB) values.
∴P is not a lattice
C: { a,b,e,f }
f
b e
a
From the above poset diagram f has Least Upper Bound (LUB) value & a has
Greatest Lower Bound (GLB) value.
∴P is a lattice
D: { a,b,c,e }
b c
a
From the above poset diagram we are having 1 (GLB) value ‘a’ & 1 LUB value
‘f’. So given subset of P is a lattice.
17) Which of the following is not a distributive lattice ?
a) [ P(A); ⊆ ] where A = { a,b,c,d,e }
b) [ D27 ; 1 ]
A: [ P(A); ⊆ ] A = { a,b,c,d,e }
P(A) is power set of 4. We know that “ Join “ of 2 elements is nothing but “
Union “ & “ Meet “ of 2 elements is “ Intersection “
We know that on a set of all sets “ Union is distributive over Intersection “ and
“ Intersection is distributive over Union “ since this distributive property holds good on
set of any sets.
B: [ D27 ; 1 ]
D27 means set of all divisions of 27. { 1,3,9,27 }
Poset diagram:
27
9
3
1
Here 1 divides 3, 3 divides 9, 9 divides 27. It is a total order. We know that every total
order is distributive.
IMP Property:
C: [ R ; ≤ ]
R is a set of all real numbers. It is also total order contains all integers we
know total order is distributive lattice..
2
1
0
-1
-2
2 3 5
1
This is nothing but L1*. Because 2 is having 3 and 5 as complement, 3 & 5
having 2 complements. Since they are having more than 1 complement it is not
distributive lattice.
18) For the lattice given below. How many compliments does the element B have ?
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
g
e f
b c
GLB = a
LUB = g
Element ‘ b ‘ doesn’t have ‘ g ‘ as complement because they join at “g” but do not
meet “a” as their meet (b,g) Is “b”. similarly b doesn’t have d, e,c & a as complement.
∴ We have 1 complements
Explanation:
A: [ D49 ; 1 ]
Explanation: In a poset the Least Upper Bound (or) Greatest Lower Bound of any
two elements if exists is unique
But in the option (iii) the elements b and c have two maximal elements ( d
,e) and the elements d and e have two minimal elements(b,c). So the option (iii) is not
an poset. So it is not a lattice.
Option (iv)
A poset [A;R] is called a lattice ,If LUB and GLB for every pair of elements in A.
clearly from option (iv) figure given is [D12;/] .So it is lattice.
21) Find out the maximal and minimal elements of poset
10 81
4 5
Maximal elements of poset is one that is not smaller than any other element.
22) Consider the Hasse diagram of a poset given below. Then GLB ( c,d,e ) is
f g
e
c d
a b
a) b b) a c) d d) undefined