HOLE CLEANING: Vertical (< MW GGS> ann.verocrry EEE) mun RHEOLOGy Mud weight ==> reduces slip velocity of cuttings. ~ Increasing mud weight provides more buoyancy to help lift the cuttings. 8.33ppq = 40% lift, L6ppg = 76%, CAUTION - LOSSES Annular velocity ==> provides lifting force. - Must be fast enough to lift the amount of drilled cuttings out of the hole. = Critical/minimum flow rates are greatly effected by ROP. Mud rheology ===> YP provides suspension. = Higher YP = better suspension and hole cleaning. Must be able to pump if! — Fast ROP in large hole sizes - 0 Check annular velocity ~ Is it sufficient? 2° Pump viscous sweeps (Minimum height 50m) © Contrel ROP. — Connections 0 Circulate to clear BHA. © After connection start pumps slowly and watch pressure gauge ‘for pack-off. ~ Overflowing Shakers © Contrel ROP - do not stop pumping. = Unconsolidated formations (tophole) © Check onnular velocity ~ Is it sufficient? ‘© Pump viscous sweeps (minimum height 50m) © Watch out for pack-off ~ fluctuating pressuresIHOLE CLEANING: Deviated/Horizontal (> 30 RPM = FLOW RATE => MUD RHEOLOGY Cees Minas a pa Fine tuning of pipe RPIA from 60-80 rpm is pointless... the “hurdle” speed of 120 rpm must be exceeded for signiticent improvement. LT Da A ie CM 174" 900 - 1200 gpm 800 gpm with ROP at 20m/hr 3 | 650 gpm with ROP at 10-15m/hr [224° | 800 - 1100 gpm 800 gpm with ROP at 20-30n/hr 9/5" 700 - 900 gpm 500 gpm with ROP at 10-20m/hr Be 450 - 600 gpm 350-400 gpm with ROP at 10-20m/hr Flow rates orly applicable when rotating ct or above minimum RPM's. gpm x 3,78 = Ipm - key guidelines érpm reading = 1 - 1.5 x hole size (in's). [YP is not a good indicator in deviated holes. _ Ceirer aK Tripping, especially through 45-70deg inclinations - cuttings tangent & build-up sections. slumping.DIRECTION: Table of recommended RPM limits for different motors ard bend settings Hotes Type [O78 | 115 15188 Recommended maximum chil sing | 6 2° xP “0 [40 APM in carved cectons 8 ICT 40 I ee 0 300 o RPA in tangent & straight 84 PIT [oo sections, - 96 xP "100/60" ‘Absolute maximum drill string RPM e360 150. 140 320 Intangert 4 sirayht sectors |e a= 20/eT | 140, 140 120 9a XP 140) 130 120760" *17 ¥ hole instead of 12 hole Back reaming/reaming - recommended RPIA in most cases is 40 rpm due to shock loading DU aa 1. Agree with the directional company before the start of the section the maximum drill string rotational limits in the different trajectory sections. Note: in > 9 7/<" hole sizes you must have >120rpm for extended periods to clean the hole. 2. Build-up sections are hard to clean when drilling becouse of the limitations on rpm. Plan to clean these afterwards with a dedicated clean-up circulation e.g. stop just ofter the build has been completed & circulate. 3. Aim to get 120rpm continuously when rotary drilling in o tangent/straight section. 4. Clean-up circulations should be carried out at maximum flow rate and maximum RPM (2120rpm). Note - rotating and reciprocating the string for clean-up circulations is not considered reaming or back reaming and should not be rpm restricted, Agree these details up front with the DD. 5. Where possible run rotary steerable assemblies! 6. Check the clearances between BHA & wellbore. Try to improve them if possible! a. Clamp on stabs on motors are the worst offenders, especially on 9 °/a" motor inl2 7 hole. b. Try to improve junk slot aree on bits end stabs. This helps cuttings pass around the BHA when tripping and thus helps prevent pack-off. 7. Don't chase the curve unless you really have to. In the end you only need to hit the target!reeecng™ pee ase of 1. Communicate potential problem formations to the team. (w@t® 2. BHA design is critical. Minimise the BHA and reduce the wall contact aon with stabs & spiral collars/HWDP. 3, Mud weight as low as practicably possible. Keep fluid loss, low gravity solids and Gels)as low as possible to prevent the build-up of a thick sticky filter ote eek Shad h dae et wash Homalateto cake, qealty. 4. Keep the pipe moving. Rotate the pipe in the slips if you can. Design the survey program to minimise the amount of time|has to be static. q sible don't take surveys in these ‘ormations. Tes ve these eee Reactive Formations 1. Drill and case of f these formations as quickly as possible 2. Keep mud properties within spec. Inhibitive muds like KCl help slow down the reaction. OBM is the best - no reaction. 3. Monitc blue test (MBT). High MBT figure indicates that WeTYLe\e =~ the formations you are drilling are reactive. 4. Keep the BHA to a minimum. In reactive formations it's the BHA that becomes balled and then stuck. A pendulum assembly is much better than a packed hole assembly. qo [IREEEIES SASS "1 Drill and case of f these Formations as quickly os possible 2. Keep mud properties within spec. Inhibition & MW are key. 3. Maintain the correct MW. Lf caving's are observed the MW should be graduclly increased until the caving’s have stopped. 1. Minimise doglegs 2. Avoid using square shouldered stabilisers when a potential for key seating exists. 3. When wiping key seats always rotate and reciprocate the pipe. Work the pipe up gradually. 4. Runa string reamer or key seat wiper if key seating is expected. . Trip corefully through doglegs to avoid pulling too hard into any key seats that hove forms. If you DO pull too hard into a key seat, jar down immediately! aTips to avoid stuck pipe when tripping (vertical <30' 1. Has the hole been cleaned properly and the mud condition? 2. Hos the team been briefed on the potential stuck pipe hazards in the section? Permeable sands - differential sticking. Reactive shales - bit balling, packing-of f Other troublesome formations from offset wells. Under gauge hole. Exposure time of reactive formaticns.— drag, ovaball 3. Do you have.a plan in place to tackle the potential problems, or are you just going to leave it to the driller and chence? 4, Has the swab and surge pressures been calculated. Has this information been passed onto the team? o . Does the driller know what his first action is when he pulls into tight hole? 6. Do you have on agreed upon back reaming procedure? si Do you know your BHA configuration, stabiliser clearances etc? How does correspond with the drilling log? ~ What type of jar is in the hole? De you know it's working envelope?Has the hole been cleaned efficiently when drilling & when circulating prior to the commencement of the trip? Has rotation been at the required RPM's i.e. 12Orpm, and was the flow rate sufficient? ~ Tf cuttings ere still coming over the shakers then continue circulating. Don't bow to peer pressure and stop early, An extra 1-2 hour's of circulating time is better than a stuck pipe incident! — Pullo stand every bottoms-up during circulation if you are worried about creating a ledge. Has the team been briefed on the potential stuck pipe areas in the section? Mab Ours bnstuss WITH ALL DRILL TERM . Stort and the end of tangent sections, — 70-60deg sections = High dogleg areas & abrupt changes in formation. Previous trouble spots in offset wells Know your clearances around your BHA. How small are they? Will they change your tripping procedures? Sleeve stabs offer very little clearance. What is your junk siot area in the bit and stabs? Do you have a tripping plan in place to mitigate the risks? This is best proctice in all cases, but is even more important when you're rig and/or BHA constrained. and you know you can’t clean the hole properly. Some ideas are: — Plan to circulate at least b/ups just before critical points in the section i. at the start of a tangent section, at the 65deg inclination point etc etc, Start all circulation as per point 5. — Set amaximun O/P limit i.e. 10-157 over normal drag weight. Tf this is exceeded circulate the hole clean before preceeding. Know your normal up drag! If drag/resistance is observed then assume hole cleanin Run ina minimum of two stands & circulate the hole clean. = Start circulation slowly and monitor pressure gauge for pack-of f. Increase flow rate in steps, but only increase when the pressure has stabilised on each step. = Shakers and pressure gauge will tell #f you if it was a hole cleaning problem. ~ Once circulation has been completed re-commence tripping on the elevators. If ‘trouble is experienced in the same spot then assume it is geometry and back ream through it Back reaming should be the last option, not the default solution! is the problem.1 OLS A NO) NRO EN INDICATORS OF TIGHT HOLE WHEN TRIPPING IN Ter Ho UE | et | oem | senate me? | BR | me | RR | tes | ence | ete 2/8 4+ ———}—— — INDICATORS OF TIGHT HOLE WHEN TRIPPING OUT THERE wer ] 2} ae | se | can’ [sai] akan | pene | a wooso |" | 8° Tan El satis | ees | Soe [amass |e | Ga | ate TE? | ln | a: | g marl || Sg ’ ilsTHUS A REPEATS Differential Sticking 5. Communicate potential problem formations to the team. 6. BHA design is critical. Minimise the BHA and reduce the wall contact with stabs & spiral collars/HWDP. 7. Mud weight as low as practicably possible. Keep fluid loss, low gravity solids and gels as low as possible to prevent the build-up of a thick sticky filter coke. 8. Keep the pipe moving. Rotate the pipe in the slips if you can. Design the survey program to minimise the amount of time has to be static. Tf possible dor't take surveys in these creas formations. rel INAl alunos) 5. Drill and case off these formations os quickly as possible 6. Keep mud properties within spec. Inhibitive muds like KC! help slow down the reaction. OBM is the best - no reaction. 7. Monitor methane blue test (MBT). High MBT figure indicates that the formations you are drilling are reactive. 8. Keep the BHA to a minimum. In reactive formations it's the BHA that becomes balled and then stuck. A pendulum assembly is much better than a packed hole assembly. 4. Drill ond case off these formations as quickly as possible 5. Keep mud properties within spec. Inhibition & MW are key. 6. Maintain the correct MW. If caving's are observed the MW should be gradually increased until the caving's have stopped. 6. Minimise doglegs 7. Avoid using square shouldered stabilisers when a potential for key seating exists. 8. When wiping key seats always rotate and reciprocate the pipe. Work +the pipe up gradually. 9. Run a string reamer or key seat wiper if key seating is expected 10. Trip carefully through doglegs to avoid pulling too hard into any key seats that have forms. Lf you bO pull too hard into a key seat, jar down immediately! ¢PIPE MOTION _ PRIOR TO STICKING? [ sexing Up. Rotating Up Moving Down Rotating Down Static PIPE MOTION AFTER ‘STICKING? Down Free 0 Down Restricted Down Tmpossibh | 0 o PIPE ROTATION AFTER STICKING? Rotate Free Rotate Restricted Rotate Impossible CIRCULATING PRESSURE AFTER STICKING? | Greulation Free 0 z Greulation Restricted 2 0 0 Greulation 1 0 nlo|-|olm siololole TNSTRUCTIONS: Answer the shaded questions by circling all the numbers in the row with the correct answer. Add the columns, the column with the highest number indicates the sticking mechanism YOUR FIRST MOVEMENT SHOULD ALWAYS BE IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO THE ONE YOU WERE MOVING IN WHEN YOU GOT STUCKIL ‘ 1 | ee MOVE/TAR upIRST ACTIONS: FREEING GUIDELINES 1. Relieve trapped pressure and apply a low torque. 2. Apply torque and jar down. Tf jars are rot in place, or not functioning, then apply torque and apply maximum set down weight. Goal is to establish pipe movement ard then circulation in an attempt to disturb the debris and wash it up the well 3. Tf any circulation can be established increase the flow rate to the maximum amount without losing the circulation or packing off the hole. 4. Tf the string is free. RIH a minimum of 2 stands and circulate the hole clean at maximum flow rete and rpm for that hole size Differential Sticking: 1. Immediately apply maximum torque and work the torque to the stuck point, 2. Circulate at the maximum allowable rate (Make-up pipe lax pill or equivalent) 3. Slump the pipe te the maximum set down weight while holding torque in the string. Never pull-up. Pulling up only pulls the pipe harder in the stuck point and tension reduces the amount of torque we can safely epply to the drill string. 4. Jor down if jars are in the string. 5. Spot and soak pipe lox pill. Wellbore Geometry: 1. Jar in the opposite direction the pipe was moving prior to sticking. Can opply torque while jarring down, but never apply torque when jarring up. 2. Do not forget to take the pump open force into account while cocking ‘the jars, Pump pressure increases the jar blow up and decreases the jar blow down. Tt also resists cocking the jars for an up blow and helps cock the jar for a down blow.