State Of Mobility: Investment &

Sector Trends To Watch

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Vice President, Ventures Group, ADP

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 The Future Of Transportation: The Impact Of Covid-19 On Mobility

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Contents
8 10 18

Summary Market Drivers Investment Trends

30 76

Sector Highlights Appendix

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WHAT THE STATE OF AUTO & MOBILITY COVERS
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH
Companies developing electric
vehicles and the technology that
supports them, such as charging
and battery tech.
Icon
here
AUTO COMMERCE
Tech-enabled companies reshaping
the way people buy, sell, trade, or
purchase cars, RVs, trucks, and
fleets.
Icon
here
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH
Companies working on
autonomous vehicle design,
development, and training, as well
as the components that support
self-navigation.
Icon
here
BIKE AND SCOOTER TECH
Companies developing personal or
shared bikes and scooters, as well
as the underlying technology that
supports them, like network
infrastructure and charging tech.
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH
Companies enabling in-vehicle
connectivity and connectivity-
related applications such as
telematics and fleet management.
MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE
Companies offering on-demand
access to passenger and personal
vehicles, as well as companies
integrating multiple modes of
transit into one service.
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Summary of findings
Overall auto & mobility trends
Funding to the broader auto & mobility sector fell slightly in
2020: Funding was down 5% year-over-year (YoY) to $27.6B after
falling 20% in 2019, while deals fell 21% in 2020 YoY to 522, the
second consecutive annual drop. Despite a weaker start to the
year, in part driven by the pandemic, activity picked up in H2 as
companies addressing electrification and autonomy drew
significant interest from investors.
Exits reached a new peak in 2020 at 107, with 22 SPAC deals
across auto & mobility: Electric vehicle (EV) companies led the
SPAC lineup, comprising 58% of 2020’s total deals.
Covid-19 temporarily reeled back deal activity: Investors scaled
back funding in Q2’20 as the impact of the pandemic set in. That
said, deal activity and funding both recovered in H2’20 as
sentiment improved and investors saw fresh opportunities in
commercial vehicles and logistics.
North America’s share of auto & mobility deals is slipping: Asia
and Europe are gaining deal share over time, as the regulatory
backdrop for electrification and micromobility remains more
favorable in developed nations outside the US. Europe’s deal
share rose to 25% from 22% in 2019, while North America’s deal
share fell for the fourth consecutive year to 32%, and Asia’s fell
slightly to 39% from 41% the year prior.
Auto & mobility unicorns born in 2020 span multiple verticals: Of
the 8 unicorns born in 2020, 4 operate in auto commerce (Cars24,
Creditas, Kavak, Socar), 1 focuses on electric vehicles (Cazoo), 2
work on autonomous vehicle (AV) training (Applied Intuition,
Scale AI), and 1 operates in the ride-hailing space (Via
Transportation).
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Summary of findings
Auto & mobility sector-specific trends
Electric vehicle tech: EV tech companies raised a record $12.8B
in funding across 193 deals in 2020. OEMs brought in the bulk
of the funding — nearly $8B — as investors rewarded passenger
and logistics vehicle makers.
Autonomous vehicle tech: Funding to AV companies reached a
new peak in 2020, garnering $7.3B across 105 deals. The
ecosystem is maturing, as investors have identified tech leaders
and are placing larger bets on these firms. Average deal size
rose to $104M from $89M in 2019.
Connected car tech: Deals to connected vehicle tech companies
dipped for a second consecutive year in 2020, falling 34% to 70
deals, from 106 in 2019. Funding plunged 52% to $1B from
$2.2B the year prior. Because connectivity solutions have been
widely adopted, investors have pivoted focus to other areas of
auto tech such as electrification and autonomy.
Auto commerce: On the whole, auto commerce saw a dip in
funding in 2020. However, auto e-commerce enablement
companies saw unprecedented demand for their products
during the pandemic, suggesting these solutions may garner
more capital from investors in the year to come.
Bike & scooter tech: Funding to bike and scooter companies
rose 52% YoY in 2020 to $2.4B across 83 deals. Despite rapid
adoption of bikes and scooters during the pandemic, funding
failed to regain the momentum seen in 2017 — 2018, as
investors remain skeptical of the viability of sharing
platforms.
Mobility-as-a-service (MaaS): Funding to shared mobility
companies fell 20% in 2020 to $6.3B across 116 deals. Ride-
hailing took a substantial hit during the pandemic as
lockdown orders and social distancing measures halted
travel.
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Auto &
Mobility
Market
Drivers

9
AUTO & MOBILITY MARKET DRIVERS

Pandemic reshapes how people live and move

The outbreak of Covid-19 in early 2020 had a substantial impact on transportation as travel came to a
halt, consumers chose personal vehicles over shared, and e-commerce/delivery demand surged.

US consumers are choosing personal cars over public transit Uber pivots to delivery as ride-hailing suffers
Change in routing requests through October 27, 2020 since January 13, 2020 Uber’s gross bookings in the first 9 months of 2020 vs. 2019,
baseline in 5 most populous states in the US by segment

$36.2M

$19.8M $20.2M

$10.1M

Mobility Delivery
Q1'19-Q3'19 Q1'20-Q3'20

Sources: Apple, Uber 10

AUTO & MOBILITY MARKET DRIVERS

E-commerce demand drives focus on logistics

Tech-enabled logistics came into focus in 2020 as consumers opted for online shopping and food
delivery, creating a stronger need for last-mile efficiency. In response, a number of companies
focused on passenger vehicles, while robotaxis explored opportunities in delivery.

Earnings transcript mentions, last-mile delivery, 2010 — 2020 Uber scales up grocery business as delivery
operations overtake ride sharing
November 6, 2020

GM bets on BrightDrop’s connected last-mile

delivery ecosystem
February 12, 2021

Cruise is teaming up with Walmart for robo-

delivery in Arizona
November 10, 2020

Sources: Grocery Dive, FreightWaves, The Verge 11

AUTO & MOBILITY MARKET DRIVERS

Bikes & scooters provide socially distant transit

In urban hubs, bikes and scooters provided a socially distant mode of transport and served as a more
affordable, convenient option than purchasing a new car.

Earnings transcript mentions, bike OR bicycle OR scooter, 2008 — Cities are transforming as electric bike sales
2020 skyrocket
May 14, 2020

It was a massive year for electric bikes and

scooters
December 18, 2020

The pandemic is giving e-bikes a boost

August 1, 2020

Sources: The Verge, Engadget, The Economist 12

AUTO & MOBILITY MARKET DRIVERS

Pandemic lockdowns spur auto retail innovation

The stay-at-home economy created a surge in demand for online car buying services and vehicle
delivery services. Consumers are increasingly willing to buy a car online.

Share of car buyers open to buying cars online News mentions, digital AND dealership
(before vs. during Covid-19 pandemic) (2012 — 2020 YTD)

Sources: CarGurus (left) 13

AUTO & MOBILITY MARKET DRIVERS

Climate concerns drive focus on electric vehicles

Vehicle electrification has become top-of-mind in the broader push to combat climate change.
Tailwinds remain in place for electric vehicles: the regulatory backdrop in both China and Europe is
favorable and falling battery costs will likely help spur adoption.

News mentions, climate AND electric vehicle, 2011 — 2020

Electric vehicles close to ‘tipping point’ of
mass adoption
January 22, 2021

The electric car future is finally taking off

December 10, 2020

Biden era holds big promise for future of

electric vehicles
January 11, 2021

Sources: The Guardian, FT, Automotive News 14

AUTO & MOBILITY MARKET DRIVERS

FAMGA ramped auto & mobility activity in 2020

• Strategic investments: Rivian (electric vehicles), Aurora (autonomous driving), Acko General Insurance
(auto insurance), Deliveroo (on-demand delivery), Shuttl (mobility-as-a-service), Redwood Materials (battery
recycling).
• Acquisitions: Amazon acquired autonomous vehicle company Zoox in June 2020. Zoox remains a
standalone business under Amazon and continues to focus on developing an autonomous passenger
vehicle from the ground up.
• Product: In October 2020, Amazon and Rivian unveiled their jointly developed electric delivery van.
• Product: In December 2020, Amazon’s Zoox unveiled its self-driving taxi.

• Strategic investments: Alphabet contributed to scooter-sharing platform Lime’s $170M Series E round in
May 2020 and subsidiary Waymo’s $2.3B round in March 2020.
• Partnerships: Waymo partnered with Daimler to co-develop self-driving semi-trucks as well as Fiat Chrysler
and Volvo on passenger vehicle applications.
• Product: Waymo expanded its Phoenix-based ride-hailing service to more users in October 2020.

• Product: Apple may be aiming to launch an all-electric self-driving car by 2024, per news reports. It is
reportedly working on its own battery technology.

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AUTO & MOBILITY MARKET DRIVERS

2021 activity suggests even more involvement

• Strategic investments: Rivian (EVs), Deliveroo (on-demand delivery); in January 2021, Amazon expanded its
partnership with EV manufacturer Lion Electric, securing the right to buy up to 15.8% of the company.
• Product: Amazon started testing Rivian’s electric delivery vans in Los Angeles in February 2021.

• Partnership: Google partnered with Ford in a 6-year deal that brings Android tech to Ford vehicles and cloud
services to Ford’s factory floor.
• Product: Waymo began testing its robotaxis in San Francisco in February 2021.

• Strategic investments: Microsoft contributed to Cruise’s $2B round in January 2021. As part of the
investment, Cruise will use Microsoft’s cloud computing platform, Azure, for its self-driving vehicles, while
parent GM will work with Microsoft to digitize its supply chains and more quickly launch new mobility
services, such as robotaxis and last-mile delivery.
• Partnership: Volkswagen expanded its partnership with Microsoft, which focused on cloud computing for
connected vehicles, to include autonomous driving development.

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Auto &
Mobility
Investment
Trends

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AUTO & MOBILITY INVESTMENT TRENDS

Funding to auto & mobility fell slightly in 2020

Annual auto & mobility tech deals and funding, 2015 – 2020

Funding amount ($M) Deal count

$50,000 736 800

676 664
$40,000
522 600
461
$30,000
387
400
$20,000

200
$10,000
$17,497 $13,851 $42,234 $36,458 $29,070 $27,626
$0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

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AUTO & MOBILITY INVESTMENT TRENDS

Auto & mobility rode the SPAC wave in 2020

In 2020, an unprecedented number of companies across industries went public via special
purpose acquisition companies (SPACs).
Electric vehicle technology
Number of IPOs via SPAC for auto & mobility startups, 2015 — 2020
22

Lidar

Auto retail

1 1 1 1 1 Connected car tech

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

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AUTO & MOBILITY INVESTMENT TRENDS
SPAC spree continues into 2021
Connected car data platform
SPAC date: 2/1/2021
Otonomo Technologies offers a
cloud-based SaaS car data
exchange and marketplace that
enables car OEMs to monetize
car data in a safe, controlled, and
secure manner.
EV charging infrastructure
Expected SPAC date: Q1’21
ChargePoint operates an electric
vehicle (EV) charging network.
The company provides property
owners and drivers with the
necessary charging stations,
mobile apps, and analytics.
Lidar
SPAC date: 2/24/2021
Joby Aviation is developing
personal electric VTOL aircraft.
The company has expertise in
composite airframe design and
fabrication, high-fidelity
aerodynamic analysis, and high-
performance electric motor design
and fabrication.
Fuel cell trucks
SPAC date: 2/5/2021
HYZON Motors is a global
supplier of zero-emissions
hydrogen fuel cell-powered
commercial vehicles, including
heavy-duty trucks, buses, and
coaches.
Peer-to-peer car sharing
Expected SPAC date: Q1’21
Turo is a peer-to-peer car sharing
marketplace that allows guests to
choose from a selection of nearby
cars, while hosts earn extra money
to offset the costs of car
ownership.
Electric micromobility
SPAC date: 2/8/2021
Helbiz is an intra-urban
transportation company aiming
to solve first- and last-mile
transportation problems in high-
traffic urban areas.
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AUTO & MOBILITY INVESTMENT TRENDS

Europe takes share from N. America & Asia

Annual deal share by continent for auto and mobility tech companies, 2016 – 2020

100%
Other
21% 22% 20% 22% 25%
Europe

39% 39% 39%

50% 41% 39%
Asia

38% 37% 36% 33% 32%

North America
0%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Note: “Other” includes Africa, South America, and Australia. 21

AUTO & MOBILITY INVESTMENT TRENDS

Auto & mobility sector is maturing

Annual deal share by stage to auto & mobility tech companies, 2016 – 2020
100%
18% 22% Other
23% 22%
29%
Series E+
7% Series D
10% 5% 6% 5%
Series C
10% 12% 14% 9%
50% 22% 12% Series B
19% 21% 22%
19% Series A

40% 35% 32% 28% 25% Seed/Angel

0%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Note: “Other” includes convertible notes, corporate minority, growth equity, venture capital, and undisclosed rounds. 22
AUTO & MOBILITY INVESTMENT TRENDS

Top 2020 rounds covered EVs, AVs, MaaS

Deal date // Total disclosed Total disclosed
Company Exit date
Amount raised ($M) $8,701M
funding ($M) Select investors
funding ($M) Description

Jul ’20 // $2,250M $8,701M T. Rowe Price, Amazon, Fidelity Rivian develops an integrated portfolio of electric vehicles,
Investments, Coatue Management, technologies, and services with a focus on developing an all-
D1 Capital Partners electric pickup truck.

Mar ’20 // $2,250M $3,200M Magna International, AutoNation, Waymo is developing a full-stack self-driving solution and
Alphabet, Silver Lake, Mubadala currently operates a commercial robotaxi service in the
Investment Co, Andreessen Phoenix, Arizona area. The company is a subsidiary of
Horowitz Alphabet (the parent company of Google).

Nov ’20 // $1,528M $1,528M Pudong VC, SAIC Motor, Alibaba IM Motors (Zhiji Auto) is a high-end smart pure electric vehicle
project jointly created by SAIC, Pudong New Area, and Alibaba
Group.

Sept ’20 // $1,476M $5,535M Baidu, SAIC Capital, Agile, WM Motor is a China-based electric vehicle manufacturer.
Tsingshua Unigroup

Mar ’20 // $1,200M $4,735M PayPal, Facebook, Mitsubishi, Visa Gojek offers a variety of complete services starting from
Ventures, AIA Group, Bank Jago, transportation, logistics, payment, food delivery, and other on-
JD.id, Blue Bird demand services, by connecting users to driver-partners.

23
AUTO & MOBILITY INVESTMENT TRENDS

Largest exits in 2020 include EV cos, auto retail

Deal date //
Exit date // Total disclosed Total disclosed
Company Amount
Amount raised
raised ($M)
($M) Exit type
funding ($M) Select investors
funding ($M) Description

Aug ’20 // $1,496M IPO $2,543M XPeng Motors is a manufacturer of Internet-based electric
cars. The company has developed an electric drive system and
intelligent system including motors, battery, electrical control
system, and a central touchscreen.

Jul ’20 // $1,093M IPO $1,921M Lixiang Automotive aims to sell electric vehicles online and
offline and provide related services including car maintenance,
repairs, and insurance.
Lixiang Automotive

Oct’ 20 // $724M IPO $614M Root sells auto insurance and relies on a mobile app, along
with telematics and data science, to measure driving behavior
and more accurately price each user’s policy.

Sept ’20 // $560M Reverse merger $29.8M Hyliion is creating an add-on hybrid module for tractor trailers
that will reduce fuel consumption with a payback of under a
year.

Jul ‘20 // $486.4M IPO $991.5M Farasis Energy is developing and commercializing energy
storage solutions to increase energy efficiency for the
transportation, consumer electronics, and power distribution
markets.

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AUTO & MOBILITY INVESTMENT TRENDS
Notable 2020 M&A deals across auto & mobility
Autonomous delivery company
Nuro acquired Ike, an
autonomous trucking company.
December 23, 2020
Tech giant Amazon acquired
Zoox, a self-driving tech provider
focused on designing an
autonomous passenger vehicle
from the ground up.
June 26, 2020
Self-driving company Aurora
acquired Uber’s self-driving
unit, Uber ATG. Uber is
focusing more heavily on
delivery and moving away
from moonshots.
December 7, 2020
UK-based online auto retailer
Cazoo acquired subscription
platform Drover as part of
plans to expand its reach
across Europe.
December 17, 2020
Scooter-sharing platform Bird
Rides acquired Berlin-based
competitor Circ.
January 27, 2020
Shared mobility provider Via
acquired Fleetonomy, a fleet
management software provider for
logistics and delivery.
October 12, 2020
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AUTO & MOBILITY INVESTMENT TRENDS

New unicorns in auto retail, AV training, & EVs

Birth date // Current valuation
Amount raised ($M) ($M)
12/18/2020 // $255M $1,750M SoftBank Group, LGT Lightstone, Creditas is a digital lending platform focused on secured lending.
Series E Wellington Management, e.ventures, Core products include a version of home equity and auto loans.
Amadeus Capital Partners Valuation: $1.8B.
12/1/2020 // $155M $4,162M Tiger Global Management, Spark Scale AI is an API for human labor that delivers high quality training
Series D Capital, Founders Fund, Accel, Index data for AI applications such as self-driving cars and robotics.
Ventures Valuation: $4.2B.
11/24/2020 // $200M $1,000M DST Global, Unbound, Sequoia Capital Cars24 is a hybrid used car trading platform offering both online
Series E India, Euler Capital, Moore Strategic and offline services. Valuation: $1B.
Ventures, EXOR Seeds
10/22/2020 // $125M $1,250M Lux Capital, Andreessen Horowitz, Applied Intuition provides software infrastructure to safely develop,
Series C General Catalyst, Kleiner Perkins test, and deploy autonomous vehicles at scale. Valuation: $1.3B.
Caufield & Byers
Socar 10/16/2020 // $52.5M $1,000M Bain Capital, SK Group, Songhyun Socar is a car-sharing service in South Korea. Valuation: $1B.
Private Equity – II Investment, Stonebridge Capital

10/1/2020 // N/A $1,150M SoftBank Group, DST Global, General Kavak is an online used car marketplace that facilitates processes
Series C Atlantic and paperwork, generates a personalized financing and guarantees
system for each client. Valuation: $1.2B.
10/1/2020 // $311M $2,500M General Catalyst, BlackRock, Octopus Cazoo sells refurbished cars online, delivers them to customers'
Series D Ventures, Entrée Capital homes within 48 hours and offers a seven-day free returns policy.
Valuation: $2.5B.
3/30/2020 // $200M $2,143.5M Daimler, Shell Ventures, Pitango Via is re-engineering public transit-from a regulated system of rigid
Series E Venture Capital routes and schedules to a fully dynamic, on-demand network.
Valuation: $2.3B.
26
Globally there are

45 AUTO & MOBILITY UNICORNS

Valued in aggregate at

$226.8 BILLION
27
AHEAD IN 2021

Key trends for 2021

Zero-emission Commercial Return of the Rethinking Digital

transportation vehicle innovation robotaxi micromobility dealerships
Improving electric Doubling down on Renewed interest in New form factors such Preparing for the future
vehicle design and logistics and other solutions that can as improved balance of car buying and
rolling out the proper commercial vehicle accelerate training and and portability for ownership, which
infrastructure to applications amid the enhance safety in personal electric involves digitizing the
support clean pivot to the autonomous passenger vehicles. purchase process and
transportation of people “convenience economy.” vehicles. adopting new
and goods. ownership and usage
models.

28
Auto &
Mobility
Sector
Highlights

29
WHAT THE STATE OF AUTO & MOBILITY COVERS
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH
Companies developing electric
vehicles and the technology that
supports them, such as charging
and battery tech.
Icon
here
AUTO COMMERCE
Tech-enabled companies reshaping
the way people buy, sell, trade, or
purchase cars, RVs, trucks, and
fleets.
Icon
here
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH
Companies working on
autonomous vehicle design,
development, and training, as well
as the components that support
self-navigation.
Icon
here
BIKE AND SCOOTER TECH
Companies developing personal or
shared bikes and scooters and the
underlying technology that
supports them, like network
infrastructure and charging tech.
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH
Companies enabling in-vehicle
connectivity and connectivity-
related applications such as
telematics and fleet management.
MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE
Companies offering on-
demand access to passenger
and personal vehicles, as well
as companies integrating
multiple modes of transit into
one service.
30
WHAT THE STATE OF AUTO & MOBILITY COVERS
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH
Companies developing electric
vehicles and the technology that
supports them, such as charging
and battery tech.
Icon
here
AUTO COMMERCE
Tech-enabled companies reshaping
the way people buy, sell, trade, or
purchase cars, RVs, trucks, and
fleets.
Icon
here
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH
Companies working on
autonomous vehicle design,
development, and training, as well
as the components that support
self-navigation.
Icon
here
BIKE AND SCOOTER TECH
Companies developing personal or
shared bikes and scooters and the
underlying technology that
supports them, like network
infrastructure and charging tech.
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH
Companies enabling in-vehicle
connectivity and connectivity-
related applications such as
telematics and fleet management.
MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE
Companies offering on-
demand access to passenger
and personal vehicles, as well
as companies integrating
multiple modes of transit into
one service.
31
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH

EV tech funding reached a new peak in 2020

Annual electric vehicle tech deals and funding, 2015 – 2020

Funding amount ($M) Deal count

$15,000 250
196 193
183 200
$10,000 149
150

89 100
$5,000 73

50

$1,427 $3,160 $9,323 $9,983 $11,187 $12,752

$0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

32
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH

Electrification remains top-of-mind

Even amid a global pandemic, the backdrop for electric vehicles is favorable, as governments
across the globe prioritize electric vehicle adoption and tech advancements drive
improvements in vehicle capabilities.

Earnings calls mentions, electric vehicle OR electrification, 2008 Auto Makers Charge Ahead With Electric-
— 2020 Vehicle Plans
July 19, 2020

General Motors to eliminate gasoline and

diesel light-duty cars and SUVs by 2035
January 28, 2021

Uber pledges to shift to ‘100 percent’ electric

vehicles by 2030
September 8, 2020

Sources: The Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, The Verge 33

ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH

EV cos dominate auto & mobility SPACs

Companies developing technology to support EVs comprised the majority (68%) of auto &
mobility SPAC announcements in 2020.
Electric vehicle technology
Number of IPOs via SPAC for auto & mobility startups, 2015 — 2020
22

Lidar

Auto retail

1 1 1 1 1 Connected car tech

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

34
HIGHLIGHT #1: PASSENGER EVS

Passenger vehicle OEMs garner investor interest

Latest round: Corporate Minority – VII Latest round: Series D (9/22/2020) Latest round: Series C (12/4/2020)
(1/19/2021)
Amount: $2.7B Amount: $1.5B Amount: $305.5M

About: Rivian develops an About: WM Motor is a China- About: Hozon Auto focuses on
integrated portfolio of based electric vehicle the research &
electric vehicles and manufacturer. development and
services with a focus on manufacturing of new
an all-electric pickup energy vehicles (NEV).
truck.
35
HIGHLIGHT #2: EV CHARGING

Companies are improving the charging process

Latest round: Series C (1/26/2021) Latest round: Series B (2/1/2021) Latest round: Unattributed VC – II
(2/23/2021)
Amount: $50M Amount: $39.9M Amount: $18M

About: FreeWire Technologies is About: Wallbox offers a system About: WiTricity has
developing infrastructure- designed to optimize the commercialized a
light fast-chargers that charging of electric technology that transfers
minimize stress on the vehicles, reducing electric energy or power
local grid. charging time and energy without wires.
costs.
36
HIGHLIGHT #3: BATTERY TECHNOLOGY

Investors place bets across battery types

LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SOLID-STATE BATTERIES ULTRACAPACITORS

Latest round: Unattributed – II (9/29/2020) Latest round: Series D (4/8/2020) Latest round: Series D (11/3/2020)

Amount: $600M Amount: $100M Amount: $48.4M

About: Northvolt is a supplier of About: ProLogium Technology About: Skeleton Technologies is

sustainable, high-quality manufactures solid-state a manufacturer and
lithium-ion battery cells. lithium ceramic battery developer of high energy
(LCB) products, which are and power density
ultra-thin, high energy ultracapacitors.
density, and ultra-safe.
37
HIGHLIGHT #4: BATTERY MANAGEMENT

Software solutions optimize battery design & use

Latest round: Series A (3/25/2020) Amount: $11.9M Latest round: Seed VC – II (11/26/2020) Amount: $6M

About: TWAICE supports enterprises across industries About: PowerUp designs and markets battery
with digital twin-based predictive battery management and optimization solutions, mainly
analytics software. It empowers customers to for fleet managers of autonomous devices.
develop and use battery systems more efficiently
and sustainably while making them more reliable
and durable.

38
HIGHLIGHT #5: END-OF-LIFE BATTERY TECH

As EV battery supply grows, companies innovate

RECYCLING REPURPOSING

Latest round: Corporate Minority (9/18/2020) Amount: N/A Latest round: Unattributed (7/20/2020) Amount: $0.4M

About: Amazon-backed Redwood Materials is
developing a recycling process for used batteries
that allows them to be reused for new battery
cells. In February, the company announced a
recycling deal with Envision AESC, the battery
manufacturer for the Nissan LEAF.
About: Spiers New Technologies (SNT) is a full-service
provider of "4R" services (repair, remanufacturing,
refurbishing and repurposing) for advanced battery
packs used in hybrid and electric vehicles. SNT's
4R services allow vehicle OEMs to optimize the life
cycle management of their battery pack inventory
and maximize value.

39
WHAT THE STATE OF AUTO & MOBILITY COVERS
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH
Companies developing electric
vehicles and the technology that
supports them, such as charging
and battery tech.
Icon
here
AUTO COMMERCE
Tech-enabled companies reshaping
the way people buy, sell, trade, or
purchase cars, RVs, trucks, and
fleets.
Icon
here
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH
Companies working on
autonomous vehicle design,
development, and training, as well
as the components that support
self-navigation.
Icon
here
BIKE AND SCOOTER TECH
Companies developing personal or
shared bikes and scooters and the
underlying technology that
supports them, like network
infrastructure and charging tech.
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH
Companies enabling in-vehicle
connectivity and connectivity-
related applications such as
telematics and fleet management.
MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE
Companies offering on-
demand access to passenger
and personal vehicles, as well
as companies integrating
multiple modes of transit into
one service.
40
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH

AV funding builds with newfound interest

Annual autonomous vehicle tech deals and funding, 2015 – 2020

Funding amount ($M) Deal count

$8,000 200
169
146
$6,000 126 150
105
95
$4,000 100

44
$2,000 50

$730 $1,092 $3,745 $6,771 $7,217 $7,284

$0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

41
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH

Ecosystem matures as investors pick winners

Annual deal share by stage to autonomous vehicle tech companies, 2016 – 2020
100%
13% 14% 11% 15% Other
5% 24%
7% 7% Series E+
14%
11% 5% Series D
27% 23% 13% Series C
27% 32% Series B
50% 14%

34%
22% Series A
49%
40% 38%
Seed/Angel
19% 20%
0%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Note: “Other” includes convertible notes, corporate minority, growth equity, venture capital, and undisclosed rounds. 42
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH

Collaboration, consolidation in AVs will

continue
Aurora Partners With Toyota on Self-Driving Uber sells its self-driving unit to Aurora
Sienna Taxis
December 7, 2020
February 11, 2021

Hyundai-Aptiv joint venture Motional and Lyft Nuro acquires self-driving truck Company Ike
prep robotaxi service
December 23, 2020
December 16, 2020

Waymo and Daimler are teaming up to build Apple approached Nissan to work on
fully driverless semi trucks autonomous car project

October 27, 2020 February 14, 2021

Sources: WIRED, Automotive News, The Verge, CNBC, VentureBeat, FT 43

HIGHLIGHT #1: ROBOTAXIS & PASSENGER VEHICLES

Passenger applications see renewed interest

Latest round: Unattributed VC – II Latest round: Series C – II (2/8/2021) Latest round: Series B – II (1/14/2021)
(5/12/2020)
Amount: $950M Amount: $100M Amount: $46M

About: Alphabet subsidiary Waymo
is developing a full-stack
self-driving solution and
currently operates a
commercial robotaxi service
in the Phoenix, Arizona area.
About: Pony.ai is building a self- About: WeRide.ai is a mobility
driving stack solution for company powered by AI
passenger and delivery technology focused on
vehicles. autonomous vehicles.

44
HIGHLIGHT #2: AUTONOMOUS DELIVERY

Logistics use case gains traction in pandemic

LAST-MILE MIDDLE-MILE

Latest round: Series C (11/9/2020) Amount: $500M Latest round: Series A (11/23/2020) Amount: $25M

About: Nuro is a robotics company transforming local
commerce through driverless delivery. The
company develops and operates a fleet of self-
driving vehicles that deliver local goods of all
kinds, from dinner to dry cleaning. Nuro's service
helps merchants deliver goods to customers
quickly, affordably, and safely.
About: Short-haul autonomous driving company Gatik is
one of the only self-driving logistics companies
focused on what it calls the “middle mile,” which
connects warehouses and micro-fulfillment
centers with stores and distribution centers. Many
believe the “middle mile” is easier to automate
because the routes are fixed, making the go-to-
market time faster.

45
HIGHLIGHT #3: AUTONOMOUS TRUCKING

Sentiment around trucking is improving

Latest round: Unattributed VC (2/4/2021) Latest round: Series A – II (11/9/2020) Latest round: Series D (2/10/2021)

Amount: N/A Amount: $120M Amount: $200M

About: TuSimple is developing a About: Inceptio Technology About: Plus develops self-driving
commercial-ready Level 4 specializes in a self- trucks to enable large-
(SAE) fully autonomous driving truck network scale commercialization
driving solution for the operation. of autonomous transport.
logistics industry.

46
HIGHLIGHT #4: SENSORS & PERCEPTION

Wide variety of sensors hold appeal for AVs

LIDAR RADAR THERMAL

Latest round: Series C – II (8/1/2020) Latest round: Series C (12/15/2020) Latest round: Series B (10/22/2020)

Amount: $45M Amount: $45M Amount: $15M

About: Hesai Photonics About: Uhnder makes digital About: AdaSky develops VIPER, a
Technology develops automotive radar-on-chip thermal sensor that enables
smart sensing solutions sensors for advanced an autonomous vehicle to
for autonomous cars and driver assistance systems sense and analyze its
natural gas leak detection and autonomous driving surroundings in any lighting
systems. solutions. or weather condition.

47
HIGHLIGHT #5: SIMULATION & TRAINING

Companies speed up the training process

DATA LABELING SIMULATION UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

Latest round: Series D (12/1/2020) Latest round: Series A (12/9/2020) Latest round: Seed VC (3/25/2020)

Amount: $155M Amount: $11M Amount: $13M

About: Scale is an AI data About: Parallel Domain’s data About: Helm.ai is an AI-centric
platform that provides generation platform company working on the
highly accurate training allows the user to fundamental perception
and validation data for configure and generate problem for autonomous
autonomous vehicles. high-fidelity data through navigation.
simple API requests.
48
WHAT THE STATE OF AUTO & MOBILITY COVERS
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH
Companies developing electric
vehicles and the technology that
supports them, such as charging
and battery tech.
Icon
here
AUTO COMMERCE
Tech-enabled companies reshaping
the way people buy, sell, trade, or
purchase cars, RVs, trucks, and
fleets.
Icon
here
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH
Companies working on
autonomous vehicle design,
development, and training, as well
as the components that support
self-navigation.
Icon
here
BIKE AND SCOOTER TECH
Companies developing personal or
shared bikes and scooters and the
underlying technology that
supports them, like network
infrastructure and charging tech.
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH
Companies enabling in-vehicle
connectivity and connectivity-
related applications such as
telematics and fleet management.
MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE
Companies offering on-
demand access to passenger
and personal vehicles, as well
as companies integrating
multiple modes of transit into
one service.
49
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH

Connectivity funding dips; focus shifts to AV, EV

Annual connected vehicle tech deals and funding, 2015 – 2020

Funding amount ($M) Deal count

$3,000 160

$2,500 117
111 106 120
$2,000
78
$1,500 69 70 80

$1,000
40
$500
$523 $534 $1,370 $2,537 $2,160 $1,044
$0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

50
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH

Vehicle connectivity comes into focus amid pandemic

The rise of fleet-based services and the pandemic’s disruption of supply chains have created new
opportunities for connectivity platforms and services.

News mentions, connected vehicle OR connected car OR HIGHLIGHTS:

telematics, 2011 — 2020
• The ongoing transition to fleet-based services
and logistics is highlighting the need for
solutions that enable fleet monitoring, tracking,
and route optimization.

• Sensors and other solutions that provide real-

time diagnostics and predictive maintenance
are helping fleet operators minimize costs.

• Companies are also capitalizing on the value

generated from connected vehicle data,
launching marketplaces that allow OEMs to
monetize the data collected by their vehicles.

51
HIGHLIGHT #1: DATA MARKETPLACES

Data platforms create monetization opportunities

Latest round: Series A (12/18/2020) Amount: $7M Latest round: Unattributed VC (8/3/2020) Amount: $11.7M

About: Motorq is a connected-car data ecosystem that About: wejo is a connected car data platform that collects
enables enterprise users to collaborate with data from 15M connected vehicles and provides
OEMs and device makers. Motorq provides insights for a wide range of third parties, including
enterprises simple APIs to access data and smart city planners, governments, and retailers.
analytics from multiple OEMs and devices, with
privacy and security workflows. In turn, Motorq
provides OEMs a secure way to connect with
enterprises at scale.

52
HIGHLIGHT #2: FLEET MANAGEMENT

Fleet utilization cos provide flexibility

Latest round: Series C (12/2/2020) Amount: $45M Latest round: Series A (4/16/2020) Amount: $7.5M

About: Ridecell is a platform that provides fleet
management and monetization solutions. The
high-yield fleet automation platform automates
actions triggered by vehicle data that control
vehicle availability, maintenance, and access.
About: Autofleet is developing fleet optimization software
that allows fleet operators to repurpose idle
vehicles for applications in high demand. The
company already has partnerships with Avis
Budget Group, Zipcar, and Suzuki.

53
HIGHLIGHT #3: DIAGNOSTICS & PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

Predictive maintenance can eliminate costs

Latest round: Series A (3/1/2020) Amount: $1.7M Latest round: Series A (10/1/2020) Amount: N/A

About: Preteckt provides prognostics as a service
(PaaS) to connected and autonomous vehicles
and fleets by leveraging proprietary algorithms to
analyze vehicle data.
About: Pitstop provides a prognostics platform that
aggregates automotive data and sends it to a
secure remote server where algorithms, artificial
intelligence and machine learning tools provide
useful information about increasingly complex
automotive systems.

54
HIGHLIGHT #4: INTELLIGENT ROUTING

Tech advancements improve route optimization

Latest round: Seed VC (12/15/2020) Amount: $6.1M Latest round: Series B (6/18/2020) Amount: $15M

About: The Routing Company is an on-demand vehicle
routing and management platform for shared
transportation.
About: Wise Systems is an autonomous dispatching and
routing software. Through real-time updates to
drivers, fleet managers and customers, Wise
Systems increases efficiency, transparency,
reliability, and decreases costs.

55
WHAT THE STATE OF AUTO & MOBILITY COVERS
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH
Companies developing electric
vehicles and the technology that
supports them, such as charging
and battery tech.
Icon
here
AUTO COMMERCE
Tech-enabled companies reshaping
the way people buy, sell, trade, or
purchase cars, RVs, trucks, and
fleets.
Icon
here
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH
Companies working on
autonomous vehicle design,
development, and training, as well
as the components that support
self-navigation.
Icon
here
BIKE AND SCOOTER TECH
Companies developing personal or
shared bikes and scooters and the
underlying technology that
supports them, like network
infrastructure and charging tech.
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH
Companies enabling in-vehicle
connectivity and connectivity-
related applications such as
telematics and fleet management.
MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE
Companies offering on-
demand access to passenger
and personal vehicles, as well
as companies integrating
multiple modes of transit into
one service.
56
AUTO COMMERCE

Auto commerce funding dipped in 2020

Annual auto commerce deals and funding, 2015 – 2020

Funding amount ($M) Deal count

$6,000 160
138 134
119
$4,500 112 120
100
89
$3,000 80

$1,500 40

$2,398 $2,913 $4,104 $5,270 $4,087 $2,788

$0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

57
 AUTO COMMERCE

Dealers go digital and embrace omnichannel

Auto dealers have been slow to adopt digital car-buying solutions, but with lockdowns closing
dealership doors, the pandemic accelerated the shift to omnichannel auto retail.

Earnings calls mentions, major brick-and-mortar auto The coronavirus pandemic has upended auto
dealerships1, online OR e-commerce OR omnichannel, 2008 —
sales and buying a car will never be the same
2020
May 21, 2020

Covid and a Crowd of Startups Are Forever

Changing How Americans Buy Cars
October 15, 2020

Dealers seek flexibility on facilities as

1Public
brick-and-mortar dealerships include the following: America’s Car-Mart, Autohome, Asbury Automotive Group,
AutoNation, Consumer Portfolio Services, Lazydays Holdings, LKQ, Penske Automotive, Sonic Automotive pandemic alters consumer behavior
October 19, 2020

Sources: CNBC, Bloomberg, Automotive News 58

HIGHLIGHT #1: AUTO E-COMMERCE
Digital dealerships turn to public markets
Q2’20: Online used-car seller Vroom went public in June 2020. The
company saw a substantial increase in demand as a result of the
pandemic, as people turned to digital methods of purchasing cars.
Similar to its competitor Carvana, Vroom offers no-haggle pricing
and a no-questions-asked return policy.
Q4’20: Used car marketplace Shift Technologies went public via SPAC
in October 2020. The company raised over $300M from the deal. Shift
allows users to buy, sell, and finance cars online. The company offers
a "buy it now" option that allows a buyer to purchase a vehicle online
without a test drive.
59
HIGHLIGHT #1: AUTO E-COMMERCE

Online car buying takes off in pandemic

ONLINE AUCTION DIGITAL DEALERSHIP DIGITAL MARKETPLACE

Latest round: Series E – II (10/15/2020) Latest round: Series D (10/1/2020) Latest round: Unattributed (10/29/2020)

Amount: $55M Amount: $311M Amount: $0.1M

About: ACV Auctions enables About: Cazoo sells refurbished About: VINN Automotive
used car dealers to view, cars online, delivers them Technologies offers an
bid, and purchase car to customers' homes automotive e-commerce
inventory via online within 48 hours, and marketplace.
auctions. offers a seven-day free
returns policy.
60
HIGHLIGHT #2: E-COMMERCE ENABLEMENT

Cos help dealers move their businesses online

Latest round: Series A – II (8/20/2020) Latest round: Series B – II (2/14/2020) Latest round: Series A (2/1/2021)

Amount: $15M Amount: N/A Amount: $7.8M

About: Modal makes software About: AutoFi is a retail platform About: Digital Motors builds a
for car dealerships to that allows car buyers to car-buying platform for
move the entire buying purchase and finance a car auto retailers,
process online. from a wide variety of dealerships, brands, and
financial institutions within manufacturers.
or outside the dealership.
61
HIGHLIGHT #3: SUBSCRIPTIONS

New ownership models offer convenience

Latest round: Series B – II (9/11/2020) Latest round: Series C (9/4/2020) Latest round: Series A (5/12/2020)

Amount: $14.7M Amount: $54.7M Amount: $1M

About: Cluno (acquired by Cazoo About: Switzerland-based About: Invygo is a car

in Feb ‘21) is a subscription Carvolution offers car subscription company
service that allows users to subscriptions. Customers based in the United Arab
pay a fixed monthly fee pay a monthly price for a Emirates.
instead of buying, renting, vehicle and are free to
or financing a vehicle. switch cars as they’d like.
62
WHAT THE STATE OF AUTO & MOBILITY COVERS
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH
Companies developing electric
vehicles and the technology that
supports them, such as charging
and battery tech.
Icon
here
AUTO COMMERCE
Tech-enabled companies reshaping
the way people buy, sell, trade, or
purchase cars, RVs, trucks, and
fleets.
Icon
here
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH
Companies working on
autonomous vehicle design,
development, and training, as well
as the components that support
self-navigation.
Icon
here
BIKE AND SCOOTER TECH
Companies developing personal or
shared bikes and scooters and the
underlying technology that
supports them, like network
infrastructure and charging tech.
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH
Companies enabling in-vehicle
connectivity and connectivity-
related applications such as
telematics and fleet management.
MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE
Companies offering on-
demand access to passenger
and personal vehicles, as well
as companies integrating
multiple modes of transit into
one service.
63
BIKE & SCOOTER TECH

Funding to bike & scooter cos rose in 2020

Annual bike and scooter tech deals and funding, 2015 – 2020

Funding amount ($M) Deal count

$5,000 110 120

98 94
$4,000
83 90

$3,000
60
$2,000 41

21 30
$1,000
$515
$239
$3,250 $4,924 $1,564 $2,373
$0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

64
BIKE & SCOOTER TECH

Sector matures despite profitability concerns

Annual deal share by stage to auto & mobility tech companies, 2016 – 2020
100%
5%
18% 19% 18% 18% Other
17%
Series E+
6%
9% 8% Series D
22% 6% 8%
13% Series C
13% 19%
50% 26% Series B
22%
Series A
56% 50% 45% 40%
34%
Seed/Angel

0%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Note: “Other” includes convertible notes, corporate minority, growth equity, venture capital, and undisclosed rounds. 65
HIGHLIGHT #1: VEHICLE DESIGN
New form factors are improving accessibility
THREE-WHEELED SCOOTERS
Q1’21: Ford-owned micromobility company Spin unveiled a new
scooter in partnership with Segway-Ninebot and software provider
Tortoise. The new design has 3 wheels, allowing scooters to balance
without a kickstand.
FOLDABLE E-BIKES
Q1’21: In February 2021, electric bike manufacturer Rad Power Bikes
unveiled a foldable fat tire e-bike, called the RadMini. Fat tire bikes
offer more balance with a more durable tire, and the folding
capability makes the bike more convenient for urban commuters.
66
HIGHLIGHT #2: D2C MICROMOBILITY

Personal e-bikes take off in pandemic

Latest round: Series B (7/23/2020) Latest round: Series B (9/16/2020) Latest round: Series A (8/24/2020)

Amount: $26M Amount: $40M Amount: $5M

About: Cowboy is a smart About: VanMoof makes and sells About: Zoomo, fka Bolt Bikes,
electric bike company. smart bikes and offers electric bikes for
accessories. delivery couriers and
businesses.

67
HIGHLIGHT #3: CONNECTIVITY & TELEMATICS
Connectivity improves fleet mgmt capabilities
Latest round: Series C (12/21/2020) Amount: $60M Latest round:
About: Superpedestrian is a micromobility engineering About:
and technology company that operates LINK, a
shared e-scooter service that boasts on-board
intelligence capabilities. This includes
autonomous maintenance and self-repair.
Series A (3/12/2020) Amount: $10M
Ride Report develops a solution for cities to
integrate new forms of micromobility. Its service
offers communication between operators and the
cities they serve, enabling access to micromobility
options while ensuring the programs achieve
broader city goals of safety, equity, and
sustainability.
68
HIGHLIGHT #4: CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE

Companies improve the charging process

BATTERY SWAPPING CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE

Latest round: Series C (11/10/2020) Amount: $250M Latest round: Series A (7/8/2020) Amount: $5M

About: Tier Mobility is a Germany-based urban mobility
company that allows people to rent electric kick-
scooters. In October, the company began
replacing its Paris fleet with e-scooters equipped
with swappable batteries, a model that
eliminates the need to transport scooters to
warehouses each day for charging.
About: Swiftmile provides a parking and charging system
for shared electric scooters and e-bikes. The
company charges scooter-sharing operators by the
minute and is currently open to all operators.
Eventually, the company will only charge its
customers’ scooters.

69
WHAT THE STATE OF AUTO & MOBILITY COVERS
ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH
Companies developing electric
vehicles and the technology that
supports them, such as charging
and battery tech.
Icon
here
AUTO COMMERCE
Tech-enabled companies reshaping
the way people buy, sell, trade, or
purchase cars, RVs, trucks, and
fleets.
Icon
here
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECH
Companies working on
autonomous vehicle design,
development, and training, as well
as the components that support
self-navigation.
Icon
here
BIKE AND SCOOTER TECH
Companies developing personal or
shared bikes and scooters and the
underlying technology that
supports them, like network
infrastructure and charging tech.
CONNECTED VEHICLE TECH
Companies enabling in-vehicle
connectivity and connectivity-
related applications such as
telematics and fleet management.
MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE
Companies offering on-
demand access to passenger
and personal vehicles, as well
as companies integrating
multiple modes of transit into
one service.
70
MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE

Activity declines for 2nd consecutive year

Annual mobility-as-a-service deals and funding, 2015 – 2020

Funding amount ($M) Deal count

194
$30,000 200
172 165
160
125 128
$20,000 116
120

80
$10,000
40
$13,155 $6,666 $26,471 $14,456 $7,819 $6,259
$0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

71
HIGHLIGHT #1: SHARED MICROMOBILITY

Shared micromobility gains traction in Europe

SCOOTER-SHARING BIKE-SHARING MOPED-SHARING

Latest round: Series C (12/1/2020) Latest round: Series D (12/16/2020) Latest round: Series C (2/24/2020)

Amount: $106.7M Amount: $182.8M Amount: $25.7M

About: VOI Technology is a About: Bolt is an Estonia-based About: Cityscoot is a Paris-based

Stockholm-based ride-hailing and shared electric moped rental
company managing an mobility company. In scheme.
on-demand fleet of June 2020, it launched an
electric scooters. electric bike-sharing
service in Paris.
72
HIGHLIGHT #2: PEER-TO-PEER VEHICLE SHARING
Road trips drive demand for vehicle sharing
Latest round: Series E (10/14/2020)
Amount: $140M
About: Getaround is a peer-to-peer
car-sharing app that allows
users to rent vehicles from
private car owners.
Latest round: Series E – II (2/6/2020) Latest round: Private Equity – II (10/21/2020)
Amount: $30M Amount: $100M
About: Turo is a peer-to-peer car About: RVshare is a peer-to-peer
sharing marketplace for RV rental marketplace.
people to book cars from a
community of local hosts
across the US, Canada, the
UK, and Germany.
73
HIGHLIGHT #3: SUPER APPS

Momentum behind SE Asia’s “super apps” persists

Latest round: Corporate Minority - II Amount: $150M Latest round: Series I – III (2/16/2021) Amount: N/A
(11/17/2020)
About: Indonesia-based Gojek offers a variety of About: Singapore-based Grab is an on-demand
complete services starting from transportation, transportation and mobile payments platform,
logistics, payment, food delivery, and other on- offering private car, motorbike, taxi, and carpooling
demand services, by connecting users to driver- services in Southeast Asia.
partners.

74
Appendix

75
Methodology
CB Insights encourages you to review the methodology and definitions employed to better understand the numbers
presented in this report. If you have any questions about the definitions or methodological principles used, we encourage
you to reach out to CB Insights directly. Additionally, if you feel your firm has been under-represented, please send an
email to info@cbinsights.com and we can work together to ensure your firm’s investment data is up to date.

What is included: What is excluded:

• Equity financing and deals to tech-enabled auto and mobility
companies and other private companies, as prescribed by the 6
categories (Collections) highlighted in this report.
• Categories are not mutually exclusive. For example, a company
developing an autonomous, electric vehicle may be included in
both the Autonomous Vehicle Tech and Electric Vehicle Tech
collections.
• Historical funding data is subject to change as our technology &
data operations explore global datasets and refine company
classifications.
• We exclude companies focused solely on connected
infrastructure and smart cities.
• We exclude certain supply chain and logistics solutions such as
digital freight brokerage, digital freight forwarding, and supply
chain visibility platforms. On the supply chain front, we prioritize
trucking and last-mile delivery automation.

76
 ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
Get All The COLLECTION TECH COLLECTION

Data Used In
This Report CONNECTED CAR TECH AUTO COMMERCE
COLLECTION COLLECTION

BIKE AND SCOOTER TECH MOBILITY-AS-A-SERVICE

COLLECTION COLLECTION

77