I. Complete the text with the words in the box.

at make same in
investment than that different
LEVI'S .........make...............(1) the most famous and popular trousers in the world. They are made of very
strong cotton which originally came from Nimes in France. 'De Nimes' became denim. Levi Strauss was a
German immigrant who arrived ......in.........(2) San Francisco in 1853. First, he made tents for gold prospectors.
Then, he started to make trousers from the .....same...........(3) material. In 1873, Levi's dyed the trousers blue.
Levi's headquarters today is still in San Francisco and, in 1993, they sold 50 million pairs of their '501' blue
jeans. The company was not always successful. In the 1980s, they had problems but they changed management
and, in 1985, Bob Haas became President of the company. With large ........investment..........(4) in marketing
and advertising, Levi's relaunched the original 501 jeans. The campaign was a huge success. In Great Britain
the advertising was so successful ........that.........(5) sales of 501 jeans rose by 800%! Today, about 16,000,000
pairs of 501 jeans are sold in Western Europe and they are all made in factories in Scotland and France. More
than half of Levi's profits come from exports.
Arrive + in/at

Read the text again and answer the questions briefly:

1.Where does Levi Strauss come from? He comes from Germany
2.What were the first products made by Levis? They are tents for gold prospectors
3.Where is Levi's headquarters? Levi's head¬quarters is in San Francisco
4.When was there a change in management in the company? In the 1980s
5.Where are 501 jeans made? In Scotland and France.
II. Complete the text with the words in the box
sport change between successful
for compete good to
Management gurus often compare business .....to.............(1) sport. They sometimes use examples from football
or rugby when they talk about teamwork. But it isn’t often that they say that rowing has lessons for business.
But there are some similarities .......between................(2) rowing and business teams. The members of the boat
club need to ........ compete................(3) for a place in the team. They also need to co-operate as team members
at the same time. This is also true in a company. Colleagues try to be the best, but at the same time they need to
work together.
A person who is only good at rowing is not always good for the team. Some members of a boat club are very
good at the ........sport...............(4). So they think it isn’t important to be nice to their colleagues or to work with
the team. Other members of the club are not so good at the sport, but they work with the team – and they are the
team members that help to win the race.
This is a good lesson for managers: a team with members that like each other works together. And it is the
team that works well together to gets really ............good.............(5) results.
Read the text again and answer the questions briefly:
Which sports are sometimes compared to business? They are football, rugby, rowing
What are the similarities between rowing and business? The similarities between rowing and business are the
members of the boat club need to compete for a place in the team and they also need to co-operate as team
members at the same time.
Does a person who is good at rowing always help the team to win? No, she/he isn’t
Who are more necessary for the team to win? People that work with the team
What can business learn from rowing? Business can learn from rowing that a team with members that like each
other works together. And it is the team that works well together to gets really good results.
III. Complete the text with words in the box
better manual bad change
of non-manual contact in
Are modern companies different from companies in the past? One difference is the type of work that people do.
Today, not so many people do .......manual.............(1) work as a century ago. Many people continue to do
simple jobs in the service industry – as waiters or cleaners, perhaps. But more people now work in the
professions, e.g. management, teaching, medicine, engineering and the law.

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A big .........change..........(2) in companies and jobs is the use of information technology. Now employees use
computers to do a lot of the administrative jobs in companies. Computers can do the simple part of many jobs.
For example, factories often use robots to make products. But people are ......better.............(3) than computers at
difficult jobs like helping an ill person or designing a new aircraft.
Modern companies use information technology to communicate with customers and suppliers .....in..........(4)
different countries. IT also helps communication inside a company – it is possible for a team to organize a
video conference with members in different countries.
Information technology also changes the way that people work. It helps companies to organize work in a more
flexible way. Now, companies can........contact..........(5) their workers day and night, and some employees can
work at home if they want to.
Read the text again and answer the questions briefly:
1. What is the difference between modern and past companies? It is the type of work that people do.
2. Do people take part more in manual work? No, they aren’t.
3. What is new in companies and jobs today? It is the use of information technology.
4. What can computers do? Computers can do the simple part of many jobs.
5. How can IT change the way people work? It helps companies to organise work in a more flexible way.
IV. Complete the text with words in the box
clever much spent run
many help took use
In the 1970s computers were new and most were expensive. An IBM PC cost $6000 in today’s money. But
there was one computer that was different. The Sinclair ZX80 was small and cheap. It was possible to buy one
for less than $100 – that is about $240 in today’s money. ......Many......(1) students were happy to use the
machine to learn about computers.
Today a man called Nicholas Negroponte wants to make cheap laptop computers. He started the project
to........help..............(2) children to use computers at school. The laptops aren’t expensive, so schools all over
the world can buy them. Mr Negroponte and his team......spent..........(3) five years developing the computers.
They tested the products in Nigeria and Brazil.
The laptop are unusual because they don’t need electricity. They ......run..........(4) on batteries, solar power and
other types of natural energy. The first computers cost $176 each. In the future, Mr Negroponte wants to sell the
computers for $100.
The name of these laptops is XO. They are fast, light and very strong. They are designed to be used in lots of
different locations from the desert to the jungle. Now the question is: when can the rest of us get laptops that are
as cheap and .....clever.......(5) as the XO?
Read the text again and answer the questions briefly:
1. How were computers about 40 years ago? They were new and most were expensive about 40 years ago.
2. Which one was more costly an IBM or a Sinclair? An IBM PC was more costly than Sinclair
3. What does Mr.Negroponte want to do? He wants to make cheap laptop computers
4. How many countries did they test the product in? There are two countries
5. What do XO laptops run on? They run on batteries, solar power and other types of natural energy
V. Complete the text with words in the box
production work fast suitable
Network (mạng lưới) take Supplied (cung cấp) slowly
The history of Nissan in the UK
Nissan established a small trading company in 1969. It imported cars from Japan and sold them in the UK. The
company only had 0.2% of the market in 1970 but it grew (1)...fast......... By 1974 it was the UK's leading car
importer. When the UK became a major export market, Nissan decided to build an assembly plant. After a long
search it found a (2)....suitable........ site in Tyne and Wear. Cars began rolling off the (3)....production......... line
in 1986. At first the plant had to limit production because of the JAMA import restriction agreement (thỏa
thuận hạn chế nhập khẩu). But by 1988 UK companies (4)...supplied...... the majority of components (linh kiện)
and Nissan achieved the target (mục tiêu) of 60% local content (hàm lượng nội địa). The plant  was able to
increase productions in January 1992 with a (5)....network........... of 150 dealers. Nissan launched the Micra in
1993 and it won the European Car of the Year Award. It was the first Japanese-badge car ever to win.
Read the text again and answer the questions briefly:
1. What did the small trading company do? It imported cars from Japan and sold them in the UK
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 2. Was it a successful company right at the beginning? No, it isn’t
3. What happened when the UK became a major export market? Nissan decided to build an assembly plant
4. Where was the assembly plant? In Tyne and Wear
5. Why did the plant have to limit production? Because of the JAMA import restriction agreement
VI. Complete the text with words in the box
period nervous process know
happy confident Disadvantage (n) nhược opportunity
điểm
Preparation for a job
Preparation is a key to a successful interview. Does the idea of going to a job interview make you feel a
little .......nervous..............(1)? Many people find that it is the hardest part of the employing .....process.............
(2). But it is not really true. The more you prepare and practise, the more comfortable you will feel. You should
find out as much as possible about the company before you go to the interview. Understand products that they
produce and services that they provide. It is also good to…know….......(3) who the customers are and who the
major competitors are. Practice makes perfect (có công mài sắt có ngày nên kim). It will also make you feel
more …confident..........(4) and relaxed. So, practice your answers to common. Make a list of questions to ask,
too. Almost all interviewers will ask if you have. This is great …...opportunity...........(5) for you to show your
keenness (nhạy bén), enthusiasm (nhiệt tình) and knowledge.
Read the text again and answer the questions briefly:
1. What does the word “it” in the second sentence refer to? The word “it” refer to “ a job interview”
2. What should people do to be more comfortable? People should prepare and practise
3. What should people investigate (điều tra) before an interview? People should investigate about the company
4. Why do people need to practice their answers to common? Because it will make you feel more confident and
relaxed
5. How can a list of prepared questions help? It helps you can show your keenness, enthusiasm and knowledge.

XI. Complete the text with words in the box

Born (phân từ hai) include at really
from very including in
Phil Knight is the founder and CEO (giám đốc điều hành) of Nike, a famous sports and fitness company. He
is ...from...........(1) Oregon, USA. He is 65 and is a ......very.............(2) rich man. He is married, and his wife's
name is Penny. They have two sons and one daughter. Knight loves sport,........including...............(3) tennis,
running and golf. He also likes fast cars. He says ‘I love the fact that Nike is about sports.’ He has a tattoo of
the Nike logo on his left leg.
Knight's ad (advertising) agency (công ty quảng cáo) is Wieden & Kennedy. .......At.............(4) his first meeting
with Wieden, Knight said, ‘Hi. I'm Phil Knight. And I hate advertising.’ But they are still partners after 21
years. At meetings with Wieden, Knight is relaxed and tells jokes. He wears blue jeans, a T-shirt and suit
jacket, and a pair of Nike shoes
Knight is interested ....in....(5) Asia, especially Japan. His office is full of objects from Asia. It is in Nike's
World Headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon.
Read the text again and answer the questions briefly:
1. How many children does Knight have? There are three children
2. What is his nationality? He is American
3. What is his company’s ad agency? It is Wieden & Kennedy
4. How long has he done business with Wieden? 21 years
5. Where do many objects in his office come from? From Asia
XII.Complete the text with words in the box
competitor different top similar
them Revenues (doanh thu) its competition
How can companies make money from the internet? Many companies have tried and failed. Even big
companies like AOL and Yahoo!are doing less well these days. People did not buy enough to keep the dot.com
retailers in business, and advertising did not make enough money for them. Martin Child, UK Managing
Director of the internet company Overture, says you have to make it easy for customers to find you. Overture
began as Goto.com in 1997. Advertisers pay to get their products at the ....top............( 1)of the list when surfers
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enter keywords into search engines (công cụ) on the Internet. This is called paid-for placement searches and it
seems to work. Overture had ..... revenues..........(2)of $142.8m in the first quarter (quý) of this year. And a
profit of $29.3m. Sixty thousand advertisers use ......its........(3)services worldwide.

The world’s biggest search engine is Google. It first offered paid-for placement searches to advertisers in
January 2000. Now clients can buy keywords so that customers see their sites on the right-hand side of the
screen. Google now has AOL and EarthLink in the US and Lycos in Canada as its biggest clients.
There is strong ......... competition............(4), and paid-for placement companies must offer services which seem
to be ........... different........(5)from their competitors, Staffan Engdegard, Senior Analyst at Jupiter Research,
says, “there isn’t much difference between them. So the market will be very competitive. ‘If Advertisers see
little difference in service, the main competition will be on price. Google, says Engdegard, may stay in first
place, but it too will have to keep prices low.

Các công ty ngày nay kiếm tiền từ Internet ntn? Nhiều công ty đã thử , cố gắng và thất bại. Thậm chí các đại
gia lớn như AOL hay Yahoo cũng đang làm ăn kém hiệu quả gần đây. Người dân vẫn mua sắm nhưng cũng
chắng ăn thua để mà giúp các nhà bán lẻ trên mạng kinh doanh phát đạt , lợi nhuận từ quảng cáo cũng ko
thấm vào đâu. Martin Child , giám đốc quản lý công ty mạng Overture của Anh cho hay các nhà kinh doanh
phải tạo đk thận lợi cho khách hàng nhìn tìm thấy họ. Overture bắt đầu dưới tên Goto.com vào năm 1997. Các
công ty trả tiền để có sản phẩm của mình có mặt trên hàng đầu của danh sách khi người truy cập gõ các từ
khóa vào công cụ tìm kiếm trên mạng. Điều này đc gọi là sự sắp xếp các kết quả tìm kiếm hái ra tiền. Overture
đã kiếm đc...trong quý 1 năm nay , trong đó số lãi là...60K nhà quảng cáo sử dụng dịch vụ của hãng này trên
khắp thế giới.
Công cụ tìm kiếm lớn nhất tg là Google. Vào tháng 1 năm 2000 , hãng này lần đầu tiên ra mắt dịch vụ sắp xếp
kết quả tìm kiếm có phí tới các nhà quảng cáo. Hiện tại họ có thể mua các từ khóa cốt để khách hàng nhìn thấy
tên công ty ở lề bên phải màn hình. AOL và Earthlink ở Mỹ và Lycos ở Canada hiện nay là những khách hàng
lớn nhất của hãng này.
Thương trường là phải có cạnh tranh và các công ty kinh doanh dịch vụ sắp xếp kết quả tìm kiếm phải đưa ra
các gói dịch vụ khác với các đối thủ. Safftan... nhà phân tích có thâm niên ở ... cho biết :
không có nhiều điểm khác biệt giữa các công ty vì thế thị trường cạnh tranh rất khốc liệt. Nếu các nhà quảng
cáo thấy có ít sự khác nhau về dịch vụ thì cạnh tranh về giá cả là chủ yếu.Google hiện nay vẫn dẫn đầu nhưng
họ vẫn phải giữ giá cả ở mức thấp.
Read the text again and answer the questions briefly:
1. Why are big Internet companies making less profit? Because people did not buy enough to keep the
dot.com retailers in business, and advertising did not make enough money for them
2. What is called paid-for placement searches? Advertisers pay to get their products at the top of the list
when surfers enter keywords into search engines on the Internet
3. How many advertisers use Overture’s services in the world? There are sixty thousand advertisers
4. What is the world’s most popular search engine? The world’s biggest search engine is Google
5. What will happen if advertisers see little difference in service? If advertisers see little difference in
service, the main competition will be on price
XIII.Complete the text with words in the box
money Immediately (ngay lập tức) Later (adv) Specialized in (v)
Interest exchange worth salary
For seven years, Kenshin Oshima had a very good job at the firm Mitsui and Co. But, at the age of 29, he did
something very rare for a Japanese manager in his position – he resigned (từ chức).
Oshima earned a good (1)……salary……at Mitsui, but he wanted to make a lot of money, and to be very rich
he needed to have his own company. He couldn’t afford (khả năng) to start a company(2)…immediately..., but
during his years at Mitsui he spent very little money and saved as much as he could. In 1978, he invested his
money, $236,500 in total (tổng cộng), in his new company, Shohkoh Fund and Co. Shohkoh Fund (3)…
....specialized …….in lending money to businesses, but in small sums (số tiền). This decision was a risk, as
money-lending by private companies was not a respectable job in 1978. His first client was a firm in Tokyo,
which paid back the money that it owned at an (4)…… interest …….rate (lãi suất) of 24%.

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But his idea was good: his profits rose by 25% a year, and reached $38.5 million in 1992. He owns 80% of
Shohkoh, and his shares (cổ phần) in the company is now (5)……worth…….$997 million. (tobe + worth : trị
giá)
So, Oshima is now a billionaire, or nearly, but his strategy (chiến lược) for the company is still the same: even
now he specializes in smaller loans (khoản vay) (a typical client borrows only $40,000), and he personally
examines the references of every new client.

Trong bảy năm, Kenshin Oshima đã có một công việc rất tốt tại công ty Mitsui và Co. Nhưng, ở tuổi 29, anh đã
làm điều gì đó rất hiếm hoi cho một huấn luyện viên người Nhật Bản ở vị trí của mình - anh đã từ chức.

Oshima đã kiếm được một (1)............ tại Mitsui, nhưng anh ta muốn kiếm được rất nhiều tiền, và để trở nên rất
giàu có, anh ta cần phải có công ty riêng của mình. Anh ấy không đủ khả năng để thành lập một công ty
(2)..............,...,... nhưng trong những năm ở Mitsui, anh ấy đã chi rất ít tiền và tiết kiệm nhiều nhất có thể. Năm
1978, ông đã đầu tư tiền của mình, tổng cộng 236.500 đô la, vào công ty mới của mình, Quỹ Shohkoh và Quỹ
Shohkoh (3).............trong việc cho các doanh nghiệp vay tiền, nhưng với số tiền nhỏ. Quyết định này là một rủi
ro, vì cho vay tiền của các công ty tư nhân không phải là một công việc đáng kính vào năm 1978. Khách hàng
đầu tiên của ông là một công ty ở Tokyo, đã trả lại số tiền mà họ sở hữu với tỷ lệ (4)..........tỷ lệ 24%.

Nhưng ý tưởng của ông rất tốt: lợi nhuận của ông tăng 25% một năm và đạt 38,5 triệu đô la vào năm 1992.
Ông sở hữu 80% cổ phần của Shohkoh, và cổ phần của ông trong công ty bây giờ là (5).............997 triệu đô la.

Vì vậy, Oshima hiện là một tỷ phú, hoặc gần như, nhưng chiến lược của ông cho công ty vẫn giống nhau: ngay
cả bây giờ ông chuyên về các khoản vay nhỏ hơn (một khách hàng điển hình chỉ vay 40.000 đô la), và cá nhân
ông kiểm tra các tài liệu tham khảo của mọi khách hàng mới.
Read the text again and answer the questions briefly:
1. When did Kenshin Oshima join Mitsui and Co.? At the age of 22
2. Why did he resign from his job? Because he wanted to make a lot of money and to be very rich.
3. Why didn’t he start his own company before 1978? Because he didn't have a lot of money.
4. Where did he get the money to launch his business? From his savings/ salary.
5. What does his company do? It lends money

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