1.

0 COMPANY BACKGROUND

1.1 Company Profile

Young Engineer Sdn. Bhd. is a fully Bumiputra consulting firm registered

with engineering consultancy firm which provides multi-disciplinary consultancy
services, include in Geotechnical work, building structural, roads & transportation,
water resources/supply, sewerage and drainage/ irrigation. The main activity of the
company is to carry out consultation in civil, structural and management works.
The company has been involved in several projects, both in the government and
private sectors.
In spite of consulting, Young Engineer also expertise in planning and
scheduling project designs, proposal, quantity surveyor and designing construction
such as building, houses, parking lots and even bus parking with operation office.

1.2 Company Logo

Figure 1 : Young Engineer logo.

1
 1.3 Scope Work of Company

Services provided by the company are:

i. Conceptual planning entailing the preparation of the master plan and
feasibility studies.
ii. Civil, Structural and Geotechnical Engineering design solutions.
iii. Contract documentation, calling and evaluation of tenders.
iv. Project administration and supervision.

1.4 Organization Chart

Project Director
Sharul Amin

Project Manager
Iskandar

Consulting Resident Civil Engineer Site Supervisor

Engineer Engineer Hazim Arif
Ridhwan Nurhasyima

2
1.5 Content of Report

Front page must reflect Professional Technical Design Report.

With name and logo of your of own consultant team.

1. Members of the consultant team.

2. Content of the report.
3. Project brief.
4. Calculation of loads at every column.
5. Grouping of loads
6. Design of foundations (Calculations) - in engineering design format
7. Checking of settlements (Calculations) - in engineering design format
8. Comments
9. Drawings: All drawing must follow engineering design format.
i. Architectural drawing
ii. Engineering drawing
iii. Loads at every column
iv. Soil profile (Showing all the properties)
v. Drawings showing all foundation (Plan, Front elevation, side elevation)
10. References: Books, Design manual, Codes of practice, Standards, etc.)

3
2.0 PROJECT BRIEF

2.1 Project Description

The Paramount property (utara) sdn. bhd is a developer company opened the
tender for a design and build contract. The project is designing and constructing a
project title “Bagi Pembangunan Yang Mengandungi 149 Unit Rumah Teres 2
Tingkat Di Atas Plot 349 Hingga 497, Di Atas Sebahagian Lot PT 5951, Bandar
Amanjaya, Mukim Sungai Petani, Daerah Kuala Muda, Kedah Darul Aman”. The
area of development is proposed to be 1500𝑚2 .
Our project area is near to the main road and the project site is located in the
high population area. Based on the facilities available in the area of our project’s
location, it can provide facilities for residents in terms of social and living needs
and easy our group to build a new project.
The site is located at Sungai Petani, Kedah. It is housing building having
bedroom, living room, family area, dining room, kitchen and toilet. Since the site
is located at average soft soil area, the first impression of the foundation need to be
used in the project is shallow foundation. Regarding to the soil profile, for the level
0 to 1.5m is being excavated to remove the top soil since the soil is soft, medium
brown with light yellow sandy silt so it is not useful for the construction.

Figure 2 : Location of project.

4
2.2 Soil Investigation

This report presents the outcome of the soil investigation carried out for the
proposed construction site at Sungai Petani, Kedah. The project consists of the
construction of about 1500 𝑚2 reinforced concrete structure building is a double
storey. Investigation of the underground conditions at a site is a prerequisite to the
economical design of the substructure elements.
It is also necessary to obtain sufficient information for feasibility and
economic studies for any project. In general, the purpose of this soil investigation
was to provide the following:
i. Information to determine the type of foundation required (shallow or deep).
ii. Information to allow the geotechnical consultant to make a recommendation
on the allowable bearing capacity of the soil.
iii. Sufficient data/ laboratory tests to make settlement and swelling predictions.
iv. Location of the groundwater level.
v. Information so that the identification and solution of excavation problems
can be made.

2.2.1 Field Exploration and Testing

The location of the boreholes is shown in the soil investigation data. The
field tests and sample collections were conducted in the boreholes in
accordance with the relevant Standard codes of practice and as per the
following.
i. Standard Penetration Test in soils at regular depth intervals.
ii. Disturbed & Undisturbed soil samples
Two types of samples were collected:
i. Disturbed samples - Suitable for identification and index
property testing purposes at various depths.
ii. Undisturbed rock samples - for strength tests.

5
2.3 Equation Uses

Correlation between Angle of Fiction (∅′ ) and Standard Penetration Number (𝑁60 )
are calculated in order to design foundation based on our site. The formulas that
we used are shown below:

2.3.1 Standard Penetration Number (𝑁60 ):

Converting measured N to 𝑁60 as follow (Skempton, 1986)

𝐸𝐻 𝐶𝐵 𝐶𝑆 𝐶𝑅 𝑁
𝑁60 =
60
𝑁60 = Corrected SPT N-value for field procedures
𝐸𝐻 = Hammer efficiency (Table 1.1)
𝐶𝐵 = Borehole diameter correction (Table 1.1)
𝐶𝑆 = sampler correction (Table 1.1)
𝐶𝑅 = Rod length correction (Table 1.1)
𝑁 = Measured SPT N-value in field
This correction is due to be done irrespective of type of soil.

6
 Figure 3 : Correction table for field procedure of SPT N-value.

2.3.2 Angle of Fiction (∅′ ) :

Where:
𝑁60 = field standard penetration number
∅′ = soil friction angle

7
2.3.3 Unit weight (𝛾) Saturated Unit weight (𝛾sat ) :

Figure 4 : Typical values of unit weight for soils.

8
2.4 Borelog Data

2.4.1 Standard Penetration Number (𝑁60 ):

 Layer 1

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 2.7m = 0.75

𝑁 =3

3 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.0 × 0.75

𝑁60 = = 2.25
60

 Layer 2

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 3.6m = 0.75

𝑁 =6

6 × 60 × 1.0 × 0.75 × 1
𝑁60 = = 4.5
0.60

9
 Layer 3

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 4.5m = 0.85

𝑁 =3

3 × 60 × 1.0 × 1 × 0.85
𝑁60 = = 2.25
60

 Layer 4

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 6.6 m = 0.95

𝑁 =6

6 × 60 × 1.0 × 1 × 0.95
𝑁60 = = 5.7
60

 Layer 5

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 7.5 m = 0.95

𝑁 = 11

11 × 60 × 1.0 × 1 × 0.95
𝑁60 = = 10.45
60

10
 Layer 6

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 9 m = 0.95

𝑁 = 14

14 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 0.95

𝑁60 = = 13.3
60

 Layer 7

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 10.5m = 1

𝑁 = 16

16 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 16
60

 Layer 8

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 12 m = 1

𝑁 = 16

16 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 16
60

11
 Layer 9

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89 mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 13.5 m = 1

𝑁 = 18

18 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 18
60

 Layer 10

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89 mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 15 m = 1

𝑁 = 26

26 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 26
60

 Layer 11

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89 mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 16.5 m = 1

𝑁 = 29

29 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 29
60

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 Layer 12

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89 mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 18.0 m = 1

𝑁 = 50

50 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 50
60

 Layer 13

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89 mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 19.5 m = 1

𝑁 = 50

50 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 50
60

 Layer 14

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89 mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 21 m = 1

𝑁 = 50

50 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 50
60

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  Layer 15

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89 mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 22.5 m = 1

𝑁 = 50

50 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 50
60

 Layer 16

𝐸𝐻 (Automatic trip) = 60 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝐵 = 89 mm = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑆 = standard sampler = 1.0 (Table 1.1)

𝐶𝑅 = 24 m = 1

𝑁 = 50

50 × 60 × 1.0 × 1.00 × 1
𝑁60 = = 50
60

𝑁60𝑎𝑣𝑔
2.25 + 4.5 + 2.55 + 5.7 + 10.45 + 13.3 + 16 + 16 + 18 + 26 + 29 + 50 + 50 + 50 + 50 + 50
=
16
= 24.61 ≈ 25

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2.4.2 Angle Equation

Ø’ = 27.1 + 0.3𝑁60 − 0.00054(𝑁60 )2

Depth 𝑁60 C Ø’

2.7 3 19 28

3.6 5 19 29

4.5 3 19 28

6.6 6 19 29

7.5 11 19 30

9.0 14 19 31

10.5 16 19 32

12.0 16 19 32

13.5 18 19 33

15.0 26 19 35

16.5 29 19 35

18.0 50 19 41

19.5 50 19 41

21.0 50 19 41

22.5 50 19 41

24.0 50 19 41

Table 1 : Angle equation data.

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2.4.3 Settlement

𝐶𝑈
= 0.29 𝑋 𝑁780.72 N78= 0.77 x N60
𝑃𝑎

 Layer 1
Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 2.25)0.72 x 100 = 43

 Layer 2
Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 4.50)0.72 x 100 = 45

 Layer 3
Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 2.55)0.72 x 100 = 47

 Layer 4
Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 5.70)0.72 x 100 = 84

 Layer 5
Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 10.45)0.72 x 100 = 130

 Layer 6
Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 13.30)0.72 x 100 = 154

 Layer 7
Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 16.00)0.72 x 100 = 176

 Layer 8

Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 16.00)0.72 x 100 = 176

 Layer 9

Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 18.00)0.72 x 100 = 192

 Layer 10

Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 26.00)0.72 x 100 = 250

 Layer 11

Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 29.00)0.72 x 100 = 271

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 Layer 12

Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 50.00)0.72 x 100 = 402

 Layer 13

Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 50.00)0.72 x 100 = 402

 Layer 14

Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 50.00)0.72 x 100 = 402

 Layer 15

Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 50.00)0.72 x 100 = 402

 Layer 16

Cu = 0.29 (0.77 x 50.00)0.72 x 100 = 402

17
3.0 ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE

3.1 Calculation Load at Every Column

Figure 5 : Work Load.

3.2 Groping of Load

Range Load
200 – 300 279.63 281.88 288.26 291.72 294.16 297.16
301 – 400 301.55 309.02 313.77 323.88 396.44
401 – 500 408.07 459.69 490.33
Table 2 : Grouping load data.

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4.0 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

4.1 Design of Founation

Ultimate bearing capacity at 1.5m depth.

Calculation for ultimate bearing capacity for a square foundation, 𝑞𝑢 will be using
these equations,

𝑞𝑢 = 1.3𝑐 ′ 𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.4𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾

To obtain the size of the foundation base, B, with ultimate bearing capacity
correlation with allowable gross load from the column that times with the factor of
safety of 3. By using these equations,

𝑄𝑢
𝑞𝑢 =
𝐵2
The ultimate bearing capacity will be determined based on the soil properties that
have been obtained from the bore log. With the angle of friction, ϕ = 28 and factor
of safety of 3 the value of Nc, Nq and Nγ has been obtain using the table. All
calculation shows below:

Figure 6 : Square Foundation

19
4.1.1 Group A (200 – 300 kN)

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 297.16𝐾𝑁

From table 6.1, 𝑁𝐶 = 31.61, 𝑁𝑞 = 17.81 and 𝑁𝛾 = 13.19.

𝑞𝑢 = (1.3)(19)(31.61) + (1 × 21)(17.81) + (0.4)(21)(𝐵)(13.19)

𝑞𝑢 = 1154.78 + 110.96𝐵

𝑞𝑢 1154.78 + 110.96𝐵
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = = 384.93 + 36.93𝐵
𝐹𝑆 3

The applied pressure to the ground is

297.16
𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐵2

297.16
= 384.93 + 36.93𝐵
𝐵2
36.93𝐵 3 + 384.93𝐵 2 − 297.16

𝐵 = 0.845𝑚 ≈ 0.9𝑚

4.1.2 Group B (301 – 400 kN)

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 396.44𝐾𝑁

From table 6.1, 𝑁𝐶 = 31.61, 𝑁𝑞 = 17.81 and 𝑁𝛾 = 13.19.

𝑞𝑢 = (1.3)(19)(31.61) + (1 × 21)(17.81) + (0.4)(21)(𝐵)(13.19)

𝑞𝑢 = 1154.78 + 110.96𝐵

𝑞𝑢 1154.78 + 110.96𝐵
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = = 384.93 + 36.93𝐵
𝐹𝑆 3

20
 The applied pressure to the ground is

396.44
𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐵2

396.44
= 384.93 + 36.93𝐵
𝐵2
36.93𝐵 3 + 384.93𝐵 2 − 396.44

𝐵 = 0.971𝑚 ≈ 1.0𝑚

4.1.3 Group C (401 – 500 kN)

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 490.33𝐾𝑁

From table 6.1, 𝑁𝐶 = 31.61, 𝑁𝑞 = 17.81 and 𝑁𝛾 = 13.19.

𝑞𝑢 = (1.3)(19)(31.61) + (1 × 21)(17.81) + (0.4)(21)(𝐵)(13.19)

𝑞𝑢 = 1154.78 + 110.96𝐵

𝑞𝑢 1154.78 + 110.96𝐵
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = = 384.93 + 36.93𝐵
𝐹𝑆 3

The applied pressure to the ground is

490.33
𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐵2

490.33
= 384.93 + 36.93𝐵
𝐵2
36.93𝐵 3 + 384.93𝐵 2 − 490.33

𝐵 = 1.075𝑚 ≈ 1.1𝑚

21
4.2 Checking for Foundation.

4.2.1 Group A (200 – 300 kN)

𝑞𝑢 = 1.3𝑐 ′ 𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.4𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾

For 𝐵 = 0.9𝑚

𝑞𝑢 = (1.3)(19)(31.61) + (1 × 21)(17.81) + (0.4)(21)(0.9)(13.19)

𝑞𝑢 = 1254.49 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛, 𝑄 = 297.16 𝑘𝑁

𝑄𝑢
𝑞𝑢 = = 𝑄𝑢 = (1254.49)(0.92 ) = 1016.14 𝑘𝑁
𝐵2
∴ 𝑄𝑢 > 𝑄, 1016.14 𝑘𝑁 > 297.16 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑜𝑘!

4.2.2 Group B (301 – 400 kN)

𝑞𝑢 = 1.3𝑐 ′ 𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.4𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾

For 𝐵 = 1.0𝑚

𝑞𝑢 = (1.3)(19)(31.61) + (1 × 21)(17.81) + (0.4)(21)(1.0)(13.19)

𝑞𝑢 = 1265.74 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛, 𝑄 = 396.44 𝑘𝑁

𝑄𝑢
𝑞𝑢 = = 𝑄𝑢 = (1265.74)(1.02 ) = 1265.74 𝑘𝑁
𝐵2
∴ 𝑄𝑢 > 𝑄, 1265.74 𝑘𝑁 > 396.44 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑜𝑘!

22
 4.2.3 Group C (401 – 500 kN)

𝑞𝑢 = 1.3𝑐 ′ 𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.4𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾

For 𝐵 = 1.1𝑚

𝑞𝑢 = (1.3)(19)(31.61) + (1 × 21)(17.81) + (0.4)(21)(1.1)(13.19)

𝑞𝑢 = 1276.65 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛, 𝑄 = 490.33 𝑘𝑁

𝑄𝑢
𝑞𝑢 = = 𝑄𝑢 = (1276.65)(1.12 ) = 1544.75 𝑘𝑁
𝐵2
∴ 𝑄𝑢 > 𝑄, 1544.75 𝑘𝑁 > 490.33 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑜𝑘!

All the bearing capacity for each foundation is stated as below:

Allowable Gross Load Size of

Group of Ultimate Gross Ultimate bearing
from column to the base,
Foundation Load, 𝑸𝒖 𝒌𝑵 capacity, 𝒒𝒖 (𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 )
foundation, 𝑸 (𝒌𝑵) 𝑩 (𝒎)

A 297.16 1016.14 0.9 1254.49

B 396.44 1265.74 1.0 1265.74

C 490.33 1544.75 1.1 1276.65

Table 3 : The bearing capacity for each foundation.

23
4.3 Checking for Settlement (Meyerhof’s Method)

4.3.1 Group A (200 - 300)

𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑞̅ − 𝛾𝐷𝑓

𝑁60
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 (𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2 ) = (for 𝐵 ≤ 1.22𝑚)
0.08
𝑁60
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 =
0.08
𝑁60 = 6

6
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 =
0.08
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2

1.25𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 (𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2 )
𝑆𝑒 (𝑚𝑚) = (for 𝐵 ≤ 1.22𝑚)
𝑁60 𝐹𝑑

𝐹𝑑 = depth factor = 1 + 0.33(𝐷𝑓 /𝐵)

1
𝐹𝑑 = 1 + 0.33 ( )
0.9

𝐹𝑑 = 1.367

(1.25)(75)
𝑆𝑒 =
(6)(1.367)

𝑆𝑒 = 11.43𝑚𝑚 < 25𝑚𝑚 − 𝑜𝑘!

24
4.3.2 Group B (301 - 400)

𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑞̅ − 𝛾𝐷𝑓

𝑁60
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 (𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2 ) = (for 𝐵 ≤ 1.22𝑚)
0.08
𝑁60
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 =
0.08
𝑁60 = 6

6
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 =
0.08
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2

1.25𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 (𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2 )
𝑆𝑒 (𝑚𝑚) = (for 𝐵 ≤ 1.22𝑚)
𝑁60 𝐹𝑑

𝐹𝑑 = depth factor = 1 + 0.33(𝐷𝑓 /𝐵)

𝐵 = 1.0𝑚

1
𝐹𝑑 = 1 + 0.33 ( )
1

𝐹𝑑 = 1.330

(1.25)(75)
𝑆𝑒 =
(6)(1.330)

𝑆𝑒 = 11.74𝑚𝑚 < 25𝑚𝑚 − 𝑜𝑘!

25
4.3.3 Group C (401 – 500)

𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑞̅ − 𝛾𝐷𝑓

𝑁60
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 (𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2 ) = (for 𝐵 ≤ 1.22𝑚)
0.08
𝑁60
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 =
0.08
𝑁60 = 6

6
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 =
0.08
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2

1.25𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 (𝑘𝑁/𝑚 2 )
𝑆𝑒 (𝑚𝑚) = (for 𝐵 ≤ 1.22𝑚)
𝑁60 𝐹𝑑

𝐹𝑑 = depth factor = 1 + 0.33(𝐷𝑓 /𝐵)

𝐵 = 1.1𝑚

1
𝐹𝑑 = 1 + 0.33 ( )
1.1

𝐹𝑑 = 1.300

(1.25)(75)
𝑆𝑒 =
(6)(1.300)

𝑆𝑒 = 12.02𝑚𝑚 < 25𝑚𝑚 − 𝑜𝑘!

26
 4.4 Summary of Design

𝑮𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒑 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑨(𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟑𝟎𝟎) 𝑩(𝟑𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒𝟎𝟎) 𝑪(𝟒𝟎𝟎 − 𝟓𝟎𝟎)
𝒌𝑵

𝑺𝒊𝒛𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑭𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
0.90 x 0.90 1.00 x 1.00 1.10 x 1.10
(𝑩 𝒙 𝑳) 𝒎

𝑸𝒖 𝒌𝑵 2992.67 5320.30 3561.52

𝑸 𝒌𝑵 359.12 291.15 206.94

𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕,
11.43 11.74 12.02
𝑺𝒆 (𝒎𝒎)

𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕,
𝑂𝑘 ! 𝑂𝑘 ! 𝑂𝑘 !
𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 < 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎
Table 4 : Summary of design.

27
5.0 COMMENTS

From our calculation and analysis, we can conclude that the soil properties that we
obtain from the borelog and the types of soil are suitable to design a shallow foundation.
Types of soil for this project is mostly silty sand even though there were other two
different such as clay and silt. The square pad foundation was used in this project due to
depth of foundation is 3 or 4 times to width of foundation. We propose the pad foundation
due to soil properties and the load of the structure. Pad foundations are used to support
an individual point load such as that due to a structural column.
Based on the analysis of structure, we obtain 3 groups of loading for column the
transfer load to foundation. The loads are 297.16kN, 396.44kN, and 490.33kN. All of
these loading is lower than Qall that we calculated which means the loading is bearable
for the foundation to support. Besides that, the settlement for these types of soil is low
and do not highly occur settlement and we can see with even the greatest load that is
490.33kN, it only 12.25mm settlement thas is lower than 25mm.
Calculations of bearing capacity of shallow foundations from Terzaghi method was
done. For the calculation settlement we’re using (Meyerhof’s method 1956) The end
values from the calculations of the method shows a fairly significant difference. This is
mainly due to the load applied on the soil and causes the bearing capacity factors, Nc,
Nq, and Nγ for Terzaghi to be at a great different.
As we know pile foundation provide more safety to the structure but in our case
based on soil profile, shallow foundation is enough as it fulfill the factor safety. We're
using the value 3 is factor of safety (FOS) for our design foundation project . Pad
foundation is more safety and suitable in our case.
Finally, we learnt many things in completing in this project such as how to read the
borelog and gain information from it. Besides that, applied the knowledge that learns
from the class to complete this project.

28
6.0 DRAWING

29
6.1 Architectural Drawing

30
6.2 Engineering Drawing

31
6.3 Load at Every Column

32
6.4 Soil Profile

33
7.0 REFERENCES

Das, B. M., & Sivakugan, N. (2019). Principles of Foundation Engineering. In B. M. Das,

& N. Sivakugan, Principles of Foundation Engineering (pp. 1-856), Ninth
Edition. United State of America: Cengage.

Rahman, M. M. (2003). Standard Penetration Test: Corrections and Correlations.

Bangladesh Water Development Board, 1-38.

34
8.0 APPANDIX

35