18 Dynamic Memory Allocation

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#18 Dynamic Memory Alloca

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C Notes Vol-3 by Saurabh Sh
www.mysirg
#18 Dynamic Memory Allocations

By Saurabh Shukla | 2017©mysirg.com
DMA: Dynamic Memory Allocation
To store data we create variables in our program. This can be done by using data types.
In all our previous programs we wrote data type declaration instruction to specify variables t
the compiler. Compiler resolve declaration statements at compile time and maintain variable
related information in symbol table.
The amount of memory allocated for variables depend upon the information created by
compiler at compile time by looking at declaration statements. This is called static memory
allocation.
The benefit of static memory allocation is its

its cost effectiveness in terms of time.
time. Since decis
about amount of memory needed for variables are already done at compile time, no extra ti
would be consumed for this purpose at the time of execution
The major disadvantage of static memory allocation is lack of flexibility in memory consump
Since the decision regarding amount of memory has already been taken at compile time no
change could be made during run time.
There are scenarios where programmer is not sure about the amount of data to be handled
the program. Static memory allocation is definitely a bad choice in such case. Solution to this
problem is dynamic memory allocation.
Decision of allocating memory to store data has taken at run time gives flexibility to the
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programmer to make program efficient and cost effective Sign
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terms of on this titleconsumption
memory
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Allocating memory at run time can be done by using either of two predefined functions:
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Function malloc()
The malloc() function allocates a block of memory in bytes. The malloc() function is like a
request to the RAM of the system to allocate memory, if the request is granted, returns a
pointer to the first block. However if it fails to al locate memory returns NULL.
The malloc() function reserves a block of memory of specified size and returns a pointer of ty
void.
ptr=(cast type*)malloc(byte size);
Function calloc()
The calloc() function is used for requesting memory space at run time for storing derived dat
types such as arrays and structures. While malloc() allocates a single block of storage space,
calloc() allocates multiple blocks of storage, each of same size, and then sets all bytes to zero
ptr = (cast type*)calloc(n, element size);

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This statement allocates contiguous space
Unlock for n with
full access blocks each
a free trial.of size element size bytes. All by
are initialized to zero and pointer to the first byte of the allocated region is returned. If not
enough space NULL is returned Download With Free Trial
Function free()
The free function is used to de-allocate the previously allocated memory using malloc or call
functions.
free(ptr);
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Simple linked list program to understand the usage of DMA:
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Write a program to prepare a list of integers and manage basic operations on it like adding
new data to the list and deleting old data from the list.
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void viewlist();
void deletedata();
int main()
{
int ch;
while(1)
{
clrscr();
printf(“ \n1. Add data to list”);
printf(“ \n2. View list”);
printf(“ \n3. Delete data from list”);
printf(“ \n4. Exit”);
printf(“ \n\nEnter your choice”);
scanf(“%d”,&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
adddata();
break;
case 2:
viewlist();
break;
Unlock full access with a free trial.
case 3:
deletedata();
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break;
case 4:
exit(0);
default:
printf(“Invalid Choice”);
}
getch();
} 
return(0); Sign up to vote on this title
}  Useful  Not useful
void adddata()
{
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t=t->p;
t->p=n;
}
}
void viewlist()
{
struct node *t;
if(START==NULL)
printf(“List is empty”);
else
{
t=START;
while(t!=NULL)
{
printf(“ %d “,t ->x);
t=t->p;
}
}
}
void deletedata()
{
struct node *r;
Unlock full access with a free trial.
r=START;
if(START==NULL)
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printf(“List is empty”);
else
{
START=r->p;
free(r);
}
}
Program to input string of any length 
int main()  Useful  Not useful
{
char ch,*p,*temp=0;
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printf("%c",ch);
*(p+i)=ch;
free(temp);
temp=(char*)calloc(size+2,sizeof(char));
for(i=0;i<=size;i++)
{
*(temp+i)=*(p+i);
}
*(temp+i)='\0';
free(p);
size++;
p=(char*)calloc(size+1,sizeof(char));
i=0;
while(*(temp+i)!='\0')
{
*(p+i)=*(temp+i);
i++;
}
}
printf("You haveUnlock
entered: %s",temp);
full access with a free trial.
printf("\nLength of string is %d",strlen(temp));
getch(); Download With Free Trial
return(0);
}
References:
YouTube video links
Lecture 18 Dynamic Memory Allocation in C part-1 

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o  Useful  Not useful
https://youtu.be/ZSzzY3adfDM?list=PL7ersPsTyYt2Q-SqZxTA1D-melSfqBRM
 Lecture 18 Dynamic Memory Allocation in C part-2
o https://youtu.be/nd7WJ4Q9gog?list=PL7ersPsTyYt2Q-SqZxTA1D-melSfqBRM
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#18 Dynamic Memory Allocation

#18 Dynamic Memory Alloca

#18 Dynamic Memory Allocations

DMA: Dynamic Memory Allocation

The benefit of static memory allocation is its

#18 Dynamic Memory Allocation

#18 Dynamic Memory Alloca

ptr=(cast type*)malloc(byte size);

ptr = (cast type*)calloc(n, element size);

#18 Dynamic Memory Allocation

#18 Dynamic Memory Alloca

#18 Dynamic Memory Allocation

#18 Dynamic Memory Alloca

#18 Dynamic Memory Allocation

#18 Dynamic Memory Alloca

YouTube video links

Lecture 18 Dynamic Memory Allocation in C part-1 

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