OUTLINE OF ARTICLE ANALYSIS/ELC550

ELC 550 -1
OUTLINE OF ARTICLE ANALYSIS

SUBMITTED TO : MISS NIK MASTURA BINTI NIK

ISMAIL AZLAN
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 9 MAY 2019

NO NAME MATRIC NO
1 NUR AIN AMIRAH SYAKIRAH BINTI 2018695304
MUHAMMAD IMRAN NELSON
2 NUR NAZREEN BINTI BAHARUDDIN 2018659616

3 NUR LIYANA NAJATI BINTI HAMDAN 2018272416

4 NURUL HANIS BINTI OMAR 2018248782

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OUTLINE OF ARTICLE ANALYSIS

GROUP MEMBERS:

1. NUR AIN AMIRAH SYAKIRAH BINTI MUHAMMAD IMRAN NELSON (2018695304)

2. NUR NAZREEN BINTI BAHARUDDIN (2018659616)
3. NUR LIYANA NAJATI BINTI HAMDAN (2018272416)
4. NURUL HANIS BINTI OMAR (2018248782)

TITLE: EFFECT AND WAYS TO OVERCOME SLEEP DEPRIVATION

THESIS STATEMENT

These are several effects of sleep deprivation and ways to overcome it.

Point 1: Firstly, the effect of lack of sleeps is it will lead to depression

a) In a 2005, A person who were diagnosed with unhappiness or

unease were more likely to sleep less than six hours at night
(Sleep in America poll, as citied by Peri, 2004). Commented [U1]: Check spelling for all of this word

b) A study in 2007 which involve 10,000 people highlights that

those with insomnia were five times as likely to develop
unhappiness compared to those without it. Insomnia has the
strongest link to depression and also is commonly one of the
indicators of depression (Anonymous, as citied by Peri, 2004).

c) Studies led by Daniel Kahneman which involve 909 working

women, insufficient of sleep are one of the aspect that spoil the
following day’s mood compared to having differences in their
salary where it only play a small part on their happiness ( as citied
by Loria, 2018).

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d) Insufficient of sleep often aggravates the indication of

despression where its can lead to difficulty to fall sleep.
Depression can be treats once we started treat the sleeping
problems (as citied by Peri, 2004). Commented [U2]: It would be easier if you just cite the main
author without ‘as cited by’ (unnecessary)

*Make corrections on all

Point 2: Next, lack of sleep may increase risk of death

a) According to “Whitehall II Study”, a result published in 2007

based on the research done at how sleep order influences the
mortality of 10,000 British civil servants showed that people who
cut their sleep fewer than seven hours a night nearly doubled their
possibility of death from all causes (as citied by Peri, 2004).

b) A person who regularly do not get seven or eight hours of

sleep a night are more likely to die during a given period where
sleeping too little is associated with higher risk of dying
(Anonymous, as citied by Loria, 2018).

c) According to Matthew Walker, a neuroscientist who’s an expert

on sleep said that “the shorter your sleep, the shorter your sleep”
(as citied by Loria, 2018)

d) Insufficient od sleep doubled the risk of death from

cardiovascular disease (Anonymous, as citied by Peri, 2004).

Point 3: Next, mishap is one of sleep deprivation primary consequences.

Supporting details: a) Study found that, being awake for 24 hours straight have a
hand in the 20-32% increment rate of inaccuracy, miscalculation and
misconception created by the surgeons. (Anonymous, as cited by
Loria,2018).
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b) Exhaustion-driving or sleep-deprived driving is the main

contributor in auto crashes in 2009 where 100,000 auto crashes per
year in U.S. and 1,550 out of 100,000 are fatal accident. (The National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration, as cited by Peri,2004).

c) Sleep deprivation prompt unwanted incident as, Whitehall II

Study in 2007, informed that someone who sleep less than seven
hours are killing theirself as it will doubled their chance of death due to
all causes (as cited by Peri,2004).

d) Engagement related to attention turn up to be demanding to

cope with for sleep deprivation sufferer as a study affirmed that sleep
deprivation will affect someone reaction as it has been proven by
collage athletes who flunk most of their decision-making test. (Loria,
2018).

Point 4: Finally, lack of sleep will actively contribute in producing an obese community.

Supporting details: a) A study on 2004 highlights that people who consume less than
6 hours per day has 30 percent higher chance to be obese compared
to people who consume seven hours and above of sufficient sleep
(Anonymous, as cited by Peri, 2004).

b) Researchers fancy that the root of high-calorie food craving is

hormonal imbalances due to sleep deprivation. (Anonymous, as cited
by Loria, 2018).

c) Impaired judgement due to sleep deprivation as being

highlighted by Gehrman, will incite us to satisfy high-calorie food
craving and this will contribute to high body-mass index and obesity
(as cited by Peri, 2004).

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d) While in deep sleep leptin level that control appetite will rise
and ghrelin level that will trigger appetite will plummet as they are
inversely proportional to each other (National Institutes of Health, as
cited by Peri, 2004)

Point 5: However, one of the ways to prevent insufficient of sleep is by avoiding electrical
devices at night.
a) Several studies have suggested that the blue light emitted from
all electrical devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets,
and TV prevents the production of melatonin which actually
promotes the body to feel sleepy (Dr. Rosernberg, as cited by
MacMillan, 2015).
b) It is suggested that the electronic devices should be banned
before going to sleep and in order to replace those kind of digital
technologies, a hard copy book is recommended (Huffington, as
cited by Lebowitz, 2018).

c) According to a study in 2011, for almost every night, there is

about 10% of kids in the age of 13 to 18 are awakened after they
go to bed just because of a phone call, text message or email
(National Sleep Foundation, as cited by MacMillan, 2015).

d) A study in 2014 reported that people who used electrical

devices such as smartphones for work purposes after 9 at night
are more likely to distressed and not be able to pay attention on
the next day (Michigan State, as cited by MacMillan, 2015).

Point 6: The next way to prevent insufficient of sleep is don’t drink alcohol.
a) Alcohol often makes you drowsy and this trick will make you
think that it will help you to fall asleep easily but as your body
begins to metabolize the alcohol, REM sleep which is the period

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where our sleep is most restorative, will become decreases (Dr.

Rosernberg, as cited by MacMillan, 2015).

b) A study in 2014 points out that alcohol may make you go to the
bathroom through the night because alcohol is a diuretic
(University of Missouri, as cited by MacMillan, 2015).

c) As your body starts to metabolize the alcohol during the

second half of the night, you will find it’s hard to stay asleep and
you may start feeling restless (Anonymous, as cited by Lebowitz,
2018).
d) A study have found that drinking before sleep suppresses your
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in particular, which is important
for memory and concentration (Tech Insider, as cited by Lebowitz,
2018).

Point 7: In addition, insufficient of sleep can be prevented by cutting off any intake of
medications and sleeping pills.
a) Some pain medications may upset your stomach and make
sleep more difficult as for some medicines, the effects may be
subtle but it can make you alert for several hours after consuming
them (Grandner, as cited by MacMillan, 2015).

b) Facing difficulties to sleep doesn’t guarantee that you are

having insomnia, so taking sleeping pills to make you fall asleep
easily possibly just a waste (Fuller, as cited by Lebowitz, 2018).

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c) If you are taking sleeping pills, your sleeping problems may

become worse because sleeping pills can be very addictive
(Fuller, as cited by Lebowitz, 2018).

d) As Harvard sleep scientist, Patrick Fuller told Tech Insider’s

Julia Calderone, “I think most people that are taking hypnotic
medications actually don’t need them and should work to get off
of them” (as cited by Lebowitz, 2018).

Point 8: Finally, the last way to pevent insufficient of sleep is don’t consume caffeine.
a) Ice cream that contains chocolate or coffee might potentially
keep people awake, if they're sensitive to caffeine (Grandner, as
cited by MacMillan, 2015).

b) Some people are used to have a cup of coffee right after

dinner although they're still several hours away to get into
sleep, and they may not realize that this habit could cause them
trouble to fall asleep during the night (Grandner, as cited by
MacMillan, 2015).

c) One study found that consuming 400 milligrams of caffeine

(that’s about how much is in a Starbucks Venti coffee) even six
hours before going to sleep will make it harder to fall asleep (as
cited by Lebowitz, 2018).

d) Most people are not being selective towards tea but varieties
of tea that contain black, green, or white tea leaves are actually
contain caffeine (as cited by Lebowitz, 2018).

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CONCLUSION
Finally, it may be concluded that the effect of sleep deprivation cannot be taken
lightly as they are the major contributor to risk of death growth due to variety of causes,
mishap in our daily life due to impaired judgement, depression due to unstable mood and will
contribute to produce an obese community However, there are variety of possible ways to
overcome sleep deprivation such as to reduce the usage of electrical devices, avoid drinking
alcohol as they will trick us to think that we are drowsy, steer clear of medications such as
sleeping pills and caffeine as they can stay up to 12 hours in our body and will disturbs the
adequate sleep.

REFERENCES:

Lebowitz, S. (2018, February 21). Business Insider Malaysia. Retrieved from Business
Insider US: https://www.businessinsider.my/what-not-to-do-before-you-go-to-sleep-
2016-3/?r=US&IR=T

Loria, K. (2018, August 22). Business Insider Malaysia. Retrieved from Business insider US:
https://www.businessinsider.my/sleep-deprivation-effects-on-your-body-brain-2018-
8/?r=US&IR=T

MacMillan, A. (2015, April 8). Health. Retrieved from Health: https://www.health.com/mind-

body/20-things-you-shouldn-t-do-before-bed

Peri, C. (2004). WebMD. Retrieved from WebMD LLC : https://www.webmd.com/sleep-

disorders/features/10-results-sleep-loss#1

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CRITICAL COMMENTS:
ARTICLE 1:

1)TONES/BIAS
The tone is neutral but there is bias shows by author. She detailly explains the effect
of insufficient of sleep but there is only a few of ways to prevent insufficient of sleep. This
also make her argument objective in the article.

2)INTENDED AUDIENCE
The target audience is general public who suffer sleep deprivation.

3)PURPOSE THE ARTICLE

The purpose article is to make people aware the consequences of insufficient of
sleeps.

4)ADDITIONAL COMMENT ABOUT ARTICLE

The article is reader friendly as the author used simple language to understand. Plus,
the article is helpful to the readers as it provides clear insight into the effect of insufficient of
sleeps.
However, I think it will be better if the author gives more explanation for certain point
about effect of insufficient of sleep so that the reader will understand more the reason to get
enough sleeps in daily life.

REFERENCE:

Loria, K. (2018, August 22). Business Insider Malaysia. Retrieved from Business insider US:
https://www.businessinsider.my/sleep-deprivation-effects-on-your-body-brain-2018-
8/?r=US&IR=T

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ARTICLE 2:

1)TONE/BIAS
The tone is intellectual but there is bias demonstrated by the author.
She evidently present abundance of her argument in disadvantages of sleep deprivation but
only highlight a few of the disadvantages of sleep deprivation. This, also makes her
argument not objevtive.

2)INTENDED AUDIENCE:
The target audience is the general public and sleep deprivation sufferer community.

3)PURPOSE OF ARTICLE:
The argument advanced in the article is designed to enlighten the general public and
sleep deprivation community about the disadvantages of sleep deprivation as well as
exceptional advice for the audiences.

4)ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE ARTICLE:

The article is reader friendly as the author use simple language that both clear and
factual as she buttress her argument well with current research. However the author only
focusses on the disadvantages of sleep deprivation and briefly inform the ways to prevent it.

Statical values and the study reference should be cited by the author in the article
when highlighting the disadvantages of sleep deprivation to know better about all the factual
factor and studies mentioned in this article.

REFERENCE:

Peri, C. (2004). WebMD. Retrieved from WebMD LLC : https://www.webmd.com/sleep-

disorders/features/10-results-sleep-loss#1

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ARTICLE 3:

1)TONES/BIAS
The tone of this article is neutral and there is no bias because the author is very
objective as she presents relevant facts in her argument. She explains clearly the things you
shouldn’t do before bed to prevent insufficient of sleep.

2)INTENDED AUDIENCE
The intended audience is the general public.

3)PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE

The purpose of this article is to inform readers about the tips on how to prevent
insufficient of sleep by avoiding some activities before going to bed.

4)ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE ARTICLE

The article is reader friendly as the author use simple language that both clear and
factual. Plus, the article is helpful for the readers as it provides clear insight into the ways to
prevent insufficient of sleep.

However, I think it will be better if the author gives more explaination in each point so that
the reader will get the idea on how we can prevent insufficient of sleep.

REFERENCE:

MacMillan, A. (2015, April 8). Health. Retrieved from Health: https://www.health.com/mind-

body/20-things-you-shouldn-t-do-before-bed

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ARTICLE 4:

1)TONES/BIAS
The tone is neutral but there is bias shows by author. She detailly explains the things
we shouldn’t do before go to sleep in order to prevent insufficient of sleep. This make her
argument in the article objective.

2)INTENDED AUDIENCE
The target audience is general public including youngsters and adults.

3)PURPOSE THE ARTICLE

The purpose of this article is to inform readers about some activites that we shouldn’t
do before going to sleep that can help us prevent insufficient of sleep.

4)ADDITIONAL COMMENT ABOUT ARTICLE

In this article, the author shows convenient ways to prevent insufficient of sleep. The
article is easy to understand because the author use simple words and sentences.
Moreover, the article is very helpful to the readers as it gives clear points about the tips on
how to prevent insufficient of sleep.

Futhermore, the author explains the points with enough supporting details so that the
reader can understand better and will avoid some activities that can give insufficient of sleep
in everyday life.

REFERENCE:
Lebowitz, S. (2018, February 21). Business Insider Malaysia. Retrieved from Business
Insider US: https://www.businessinsider.my/what-not-to-do-before-you-go-to-sleep-
2016-3/?r=US&IR=T

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