IJSART - Volume 6 Issue 9 –August 2020 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052

A IMPLEMENTATION OF SINGLE-SWITCH NONISOLATED

TRANSFORMERLESS BUCK–BOOST DC–DC CONVERTER
1 2
NISHANT R MASKE , PROF. SAKHARE S.R

DEPARTMENT OF P.G. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AMBEJOGAI.

(Control System Engineering)
DEPARTMENT OF P.G. . COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AMBEJOGAI.
(Control System Engineering)

versa, but they are limited due to their complicated control

Abstract- A novel transformer less buck–boost dc–dc
converter is proposed in this paper. The presented converter
voltage gain is higher than that of the conventional boost,
buck–boost. In this converter, only one power switch is
utilized. The voltage stress across the power switch is low.
Hence, the low on-state resistance of the power switch can be
selected to decrease conduction loss of the switch and
improve efficiency.The principle of operation and the
mathematical analyses of the proposed converter are
explained. The validity of the presented converter is verified
by the experimental results.
A new technique of buck-boost converter with PID controller
and its closed loop control technique are proposed in this
study. The required duty cycle is achieved by the PID
controller. This paper involves two strategies, as these
switches conducts, the inductor is charged and as the diodes
are forward biased, the capacitor is energized. Switches are
excited using PWM technique. The modes of operation,
simulation results, various analyses and experiments are
presented in detail.
Keywords- Buck–Boost dc–dc converter, PID controller,
PWM technique.
I. INTRODUCTION
A buck-boost converter is generally a DC-DC
converter that produces output voltage based on the
supplied input voltage. Lower voltage gain is a drawback
for stepping converters in several applications. Various
converter technologies are established to meet the
limitations. Voltage lifting technique is used by Luo
converter for obtaining output voltage at higher value. The
major drawbacks are cost and increase in losses in the
lifting technique . For obtaining better voltage gain with
fewer ripples at continuous conduction mode, a converter
combining SR buck converter and KY converter is
proposed. While operating in wide range of output voltage
its voltage gain is not that much sufficient, as its gain is
multiples of twice the duty cycle. Interleaved converters
are employed to achieve high step-up conversion and vise
strategy. Another converter called Quadratic converter is
used to get better voltage gain with less number of
switches, however, the efficiency of these type of
converters are limited .
The existing buck-boost converters use more
number of switches and have very low efficiency. The
traditional converter is widely used but they have certain
demerits such as low voltage gain, negative polarity
voltage, power fluctuation, discontinuous operation.
Switched capacitors or switched inductor converter
technology are employed for getting high voltage gain. But
due to complex switching structures they are not widely
available for power electronic equipment. Other converters
are also used, but as we consider their voltage gain, it’s a
major drawback. A new cuk converter is developed with
low voltage distortion and less frequency interference.
They have more voltage gain compared to other cuk and
zeta converter but due to seventh order circuit, the
converter has very complex construction and they do not
have same ground. A quadratic converter proposed in has
high voltage gain and a common ground switch, however
the diodes clamp the output as the duty cycle is 0.5 and it
can be operated only in step-up conversion.
II. IMPLEMETATION OF BUCK
CONVERTER CIRCUIT MOTOR DRIVE
The following diagram shows the working
operation of the buck converter. In the buck converter first
transistor is turned ON and second transistor is switched
OFF due to high square wave frequency. If the gate
terminal of the first transistor is more than the current pass
through the magnetic field, charging C, and it supplies the
load. The D1 is the Schottky diode and it is turned OFF
due to the positive voltage to the cathode.

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IJSART - Volume 6 Issue 9 –August 2020
Fig.2.1 .Buck Converter circuit diagram with
using MOSFET Driver Circuit.
The figure 2.1 shows, The inductor L is the initial
source of current. If the first transistor is OFF by using the
control unit then the current flow in the buck operation.
The magnetic field of the inductor is collapsed and the
back e.m.f is generated collapsing field turn around the
polarity of the voltage across the inductor. The current
flows in the diode D2, the load and the D1 diode will be
turned ON.
The discharge of the inductor L decreases with
the help of the current. During the first transistor is in one
state the charge of the accumulator in the capacitor. The
current flows through the load and during the off period
keeping Vout reasonably. Hence it keeps the minimum
ripple amplitude and Vout closes to the value of Vs.
III. BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER
Buck-boost converter generally steps up or step down
the input voltage so that the output voltage (Vo) will be
greater than or less than the input voltage (Vin). Buckboost
converter combines the principle of buck converter and boost
converter. In buck converter produced output voltage is less
than the input voltage. Boost converter produces output
voltage higher than the input voltage. It is generally used in
the battery power systems, selfregulating power supplies, USB
applications where input required varies and so on.
. in electronics, but very often must work together (that’s when
Figure3.3: Cicuit diagram of buck boost converter
CASE1:(T1<t<T2)
The switches namely S1 & S2 were turned on, during this
period interval and diode D1 and D0 are reverse biased. From
Fig.3.3, it is shown that inductor L1 is charged from the input
voltage (Vin) alone, while inductor L2 is charged from the
input voltage Vin and the capacitor C1.
The output capacitor (C0) supplies the output energy.
Thus, the equations are described as
----------------(1)
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ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
----------(2)
CASE2: (T2 < t < T3)
The switches namely (S1, S2) which are turned on in the
case 1, are turned off during this period of time interval,
and diodes (D1, D0) are forward biased. From Fig. 4(b),
it is clearly shown that the energy stored in the inductor
L1 is discharged to the capacitor C1 through the diode
D1. At the same time, the energy stored in the inductor
L2 is discharged to the capacitor C1, the output capacitor
C0, and the resistive load R through the diodes D0 and
D1.
-----------(3)
------------- 4)
Here, D is the duty cycle. The voltage gain of the
proposed buck–boost converter can be obtained from the
above equation,
From this above equation, it is clear that when the
duty cycle is bigger than 0.5, the proposed buck–boost
converter can step-up the input voltage and when the duty
cycle is smaller than 0.5, the input voltage gets stepped
down.
IV. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION TECHNIQUE
Digital signals have two positions: on or off, interpreted in
shorthand as 1 or 0. Analog signals, on the other hand, can be
on, off, half-way, two-thirds the way to on, and an infinite
number of positions between 0 and 1 either approaching 1 or
descending down to zero. The two are handled very differently
we call it “mixed signal electronics.”) Sometimes we have to
take an analog (real world) input signal (e.g., temperature) into
a microcontroller (which only understands digital). Often
engineers will translate that analog input into digital input for
the microcontroller (MCU) by using an analog-to-digital
converter.
PWM is a way to control analog devices with a digital output.
Another way to put it is that you can output a modulating
signal from a digital device such as an MCU to drive an
analog device. It’s one of the primary means by which MCUs
drive analog devices like variable-speed motors, dimmable
lights, actuators, and speakers. PWM is not true analog output,
however. PWM “fakes” an analog-like result by applying
power in pulses, or short bursts of regulated voltage.
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IJSART - Volume 6 Issue 9 –August 2020
Fig.4.1 Pulse Width Modulation Technique
V. PID CONTROLLER
A proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller)
is a control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used
in industrial control systems. A PID controller calculates an
error value as the difference between a measured process
variable and a desired setpoint. The controller attempts to
minimize the error by adjusting the process through use of a
manipulated variable. The PID controller algorithm involves
three separate constant parameters, and is accordingly
sometimes called three-term control: the proportional, the
integral and derivative values, denoted P, I, and D.
Simply put, these values can be interpreted in terms of time:
 P depends on the present error,
 I on the accumulation of past errors, and
 D is a prediction of future errors, based on current
rate of change.
The weighted sum of these three actions is used to adjust the
process via a control element such as the position of a control
valve, a damper, or the power supplied to a heating element.
In the absence of knowledge of the underlying process, a PID
controller has historically been considered to be the most
useful controller. By tuning the three parameters in the PID
controller algorithm, the controller can provide control action
designed for specific process requirements.
Fig.5.1 Closed loop PID Controller
The response of the controller can be described in terms of the
responsiveness of the controller to an error, the degree to
which the controller overshoots the setpoint, and the degree of
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system oscillation. Note that the use of the PID algorithm for
control does not guarantee optimal control of the system or
system stability.
Some applications may require using only one or two actions
to provide the appropriate system control. This is achieved by
setting the other parameters to zero. A PID controller will be
called a PI, PD, P or I controller in the absence of the
respective control actions. PI controllers are fairly common,
since derivative action is sensitive to measurement noise,
whereas the absence of an integral term may prevent the
system from reaching its target value due to the control action.
The PID control scheme is named after its three
correcting terms, whose sum constitutes the manipulated
variable (MV). The proportional, integral, and derivative
terms are summed to calculate the output of the PID
controller.
VI . IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL FOR FOR
SINGLE-SWITCH BUCK–BOOST DC–DC
CONVERTER
Fig6.1. Implementation of model for Single-switch buck–
boost dc–dc converter
A dc-dc power converter are required controller for current
and output voltage to make controller more robustness. PID
controller are designed for load current of buck boost
converter. In addition, PID controller for output voltage buck
boost converter are investigated. Furthermore, load change
and variable of input voltage are considered in this paper. The
result of this project that proposed PID controller are more
robesness and let system reached steady state very fast. Index
Terms-proposed PID controller, buck boost, load and input
voltage change.
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IJSART - Volume 6 Issue 9 –August 2020 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052

 IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODOLOGY BY VII. SIMULATION RESULTS AND

USING SIMULATION DISCUSSION

Fig.7.1 waveforms of input current and voltage of Buck Boost

Converter
Fig 6.2. Simulation Model For For Single-Switch Nonisolated
The design and simulation of a DC-DC Boost converter
Transformerless Buck–Boost DC–DC Converter
employing PID controller, enhancing overall performance of
 It can be seen that system has one inductor and one capacitor.
the system. The main objective of a DCDC converter is to
Operation of the system when switch is on L will charge
maintain a constant output voltage despite variations in
current and when switch is off Len will discharge current to
input/source voltage, components and load current.
load and Capacitor.
Designers aim to achieve better conversion efficiency,
A transformer less buck–boost dc–dc converter was presented.
minimized harmonic distortion and improved power factor
The structure of the presented buck– boost converter is simple.
while keeping size and cost of converter within acceptable
In the proposed converter, only one main switch is utilized,
range.
which decreases the conduction loss of power switch and
A simple PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative)
improves efficiency. The voltage stress across the power
controller has been applied to a conventional Boost converter
switch is low and switch with low on-state resistance can be
and tested in MATLAB-Simulink environment achieving
selected.
improved voltage regulation.
The proposed converter as shown in Fig. is similar to the
The proposed closed loop implementation of the converter
conventional Boost converter but differs only in the
maintains constant output voltage despite changes in input
incorporation of a PID controller which is extensively used in
voltage and significantly reduces overshoot thereby improving
many practical applications for better performance.
the efficiency of the converter.
The proposed PID controller has been obtained by block
The output of this investigation has the potential to contribute
diagram reduction method in four stages depicts a
in a significant way in electric vehicles, industry,
conventional PID controller block diagram when in successive
communication and renewable energy sectors.
stages as shown in by block diagram reduction technique the
proposed control scheme for the Boost converter was obtained
which is feasible for proposed converter.
Initial overshoot is a prime concern for operating machines in
industries and researchers aim for designing a converter with
good voltage regulation and overshoot reduction.

Fig 7.2.waveforms of Output current PID Controller

Conventional Boost converter was simulated at 50% duty

cycle and the output wave shapes observed for variations of
input voltage from 90V – 110V with increment of 10V. It can
be observed that the output voltage fluctuates with variation of
input voltage by a large amount. Moreover the converter
exhibits significant increase in overshoot as the input voltage
varies as shown in Fig.7.2
Experimental results show that the proposed PID controller
when used with Boost converter provides better output voltage
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IJSART - Volume 6 Issue 9 –August 2020 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052

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