PAK I STUDIES

NAME: I EISHA I FATIMA

SECTION: I BESE-11B
I

CMS I ID I : I 345554

SUBMITTED I TO: I MAM I SIDRA I SIDDIQUE

 ASSIGNMENT-2
NATURAL RESOURCES OF PAKISTAN
Pakistan Iis Ione Ithe Iresource-rich Icountries Iin Ithe Iregion Iand Iin Ithe Iworld Ibut Ipoor Iresource
Imanagement Ihas Inot Iallowed Ius Ito Itap Iour Iresources Ifor Ithe Ibenefit Iof Ithe Ination. IThere Iare
Imainly Itwo Icategories Iof Iresources; Ithe Ifirst Icategory Iis Iof Iprimary Iresources Ithat Iare
Iresponsible Ifor Ithe Imaintenance Iof Ilife Ion Ithe Iplanet Iearth Iand Ithe Iother Ione Iis Isecondary
Iresources Ithat Iare Iessential Ifor Ithe Ieconomic Idevelopment Iof Ithe Ipeople. ISome Iof Ithe
INATURAL IRESOURCES Iof IPakistan Iinclude IAgriculture Iland Iand Iproducts, Iwater, Ienergy
Iresources, Iminerals, Iand Ipopulation Ietc. IThese Iare Ithe Ilifelines Iof IPakistan’s Idevelopment Ias
Ia Icountry Ibut Ihaven’t Ibeen Iexploited Iin Ia Imanner Iin Iwhich Ithey Ishould Ibe. IExploitation Iof
Ithese Iresources Ican Ibring IPakistan Iinto Ithe Ilist Iof Ideveloped Inations Iand Ican Igive Iit Ithe
Iposition Ithat Iit Ideserves Iin Ithe Icomity Iof Inations.Lets Ijust Ihave Ia Ibrief Ioverview Ion Ienergy
Iresources Iof IPakistan:

RENEWABLE INATURAL IENERGY IRESOURCES:.

1. WIND IENERGY:
IWind Ienergy Iis Ia Ivast Ienergy Iresource Iin IPakistan, Ifrom Iwhich IPakistan Ican Iget Ilarge
Iamount Iof Ienergy Iefficiently. IPakistan’s Ilocation Iis Ireally Igood Iwith Iregards Ito Iwind Ienergy..
ISurvey Ireport Ihas Ipresented Ithat IPakistan Ihas Ipotential Ito Iproduce I300,000MW Ielectricity
Ifrom Iwind I& Isolar Iresource I.Despite Ihaving Ia Istrong Ipotential Ibut Ithe Iwind Ienergy Ihas Inot
Iyet Ibeen Iutilized Iproperly. I“GHARO ICORRIDOR” Ian Iarea Iof IPakistan Ihas Ia Isignificant
Ipotential Ito Iproduce Iaround I50,000 IMW Iof Ielectricity Iout Iof Iwind. IHowever,
Idue Ito Ithe Ioccurrence Iof Iother Ieconomic Iactivities, Ionly I25 I% Iof Ithe Iarea Ican Ibe
Iutilized Iwith Ia Iproduction Ipotential Iof I11,000 IMW. IAlso, Ithousands Iof Ismall
Iwind Iturbines Iwith Ia Icapacity Iof I300–1000 IW Ihave Ibeen Iinstalled Iby Idifferent
INon-Governmental IOrganizations I(NGOs), Ielectrifying Irural Iareas Iof ISindh Iprovince.
IMost Irecently, Ithree Ivillages Iof IBaluchistan Ihave Ibeen Ipowered Iusing Ia Iwind/PV
Ihybrid Isystem I. IWind Iparks Iin Ithe Icoastal Iareas Iof IMakran Iare Ithe Ibeginnings Iof Ithe
Ilarge-scale Ioperation Ito Itap Ithese Iresources Ibut Ifurther Iwork Imust Ibe Idone Iat Ithe Ivery
Iearliest Ito Imake Ithe Imost Iuse Iout Iof Iwind Ienergy Ifor Ithe Ibetter Ifuture Iof IPakistan.
2. ENERGY IFROM IWATER(HYDRO-POWER)
IThis Iis Ithe Ipower Ifrom Ithe Iwater I(rivers, Istreams Ietc). IWater Iis Ianother Iresource Ithat IGod
Ihas Iblessed Ius Iwith. IHydro Ipower Iis Ia Isound Irecognized I& IPakistan Ihas Igreat Ipotential Ito
Iget Ihuge Iamount Iof Ienergy Ifrom Ihydropower I.In IPakistan, IHydropower Iis Ia Imajor Isource Iof
Irenewable Ienergy Iin IPakistan Iwith Ia Igreat Ipotential Ifor ISHPPs Iespecially Iin Ilocations Ibetween
Ithe IArabian ISea Iand Imountainous Iareas Isuch Ias IHindu IKush, IHimalayas, Iand IKarakorum.
IMoreover, Imajor Irivers Isuch Ias ISutlej, IRavi, IChenab, Iand IJhelum, Ifalling Iinto IIndus IRiver Ican
Ibe Iexplored Ifor Ipower Igeneration IThe Ipower Igeneration Icapacity Iof ISHPPs Ifor Ithe Iabove
Isites Iis I2250 IMW I. IPakistan Ihas I18,502,227,829.8 Im3 Icapacity Ito Istore I13 I%
Iof Iits Iannual Iriver Iflow Iwhilst Ithe Irest Iof Ithe Iwater Idirectly Iflows Idown Ito Ithe IArabian
ISea I. ITherefore, Iadditional Iwater Istorage Icapacity I(such Ias Idams) Iwill Ibe Iobligatory Ifor
Ifuture Isustainable Iirrigation Iand Ielectric Ipower Igeneration. IIn IPakistan, Ithe Itotal Iestimated
Ihydropower Igeneration Iis Iover I42,000 IMW, Ibut Iunfortunately, Ionly I16 I%, Iamounting
Ito Iaround I6758 IMW, Ihas Ibeen Itechnically Iexploited Iso Ifar. INinety Ipercent Iof Ithis Icomes
Ifrom Ihydropower Iresources Iin Ithe Inorthern Iparts Iof IPakistan I38% Iof Iwater Iin IPakistan Iis
Iuse Ifor Iirrigation.,12% Iof Iwater Iin IPakistan Iis Iuse Iin Iindustry Iand I40% Iis Ifor Idomestic Iuse.
IPakistan Ihas Iwater Ifacility Ibut Iunluckily, Iwe Iare Inot Imaking Ibetter Iuse Iof Iit.

3. SOLAR IENERGY:
ISolar Ienergy Iis Ithe Ienergy Ifrom Ithe Isun I. IPakistan Iwith Ia Iland Iarea Iof I796,096
Ikm2 Iis Ilocated Ibetween Ilongitudes I62° Iand I75° Ieast Iand Ilatitudes I24° Iand I37°
Inorth I. IThis Iunique Igeographical Iposition Iand Iclimate Iconditions Iis Iadvantageous
Ifor Ithe Iexploitation Iof Isolar Ienergy. IAlmost Ievery Ipart Iof Ithe Icountry Ireceives I8–
10 Ih Iday−1 Ihigh Isolar Iradiations Iwith Imore Ithan I300 Isunshine Idays Iin Ia Iyear..
IOver I95 I% Iof Ithe Itotal Iarea Iof IPakistan Ireceives Isolar Iradiations Iof I5–7 IkWh Im−2
Iday−1. IPakistan ICouncil Iof IRenewable IEnergy I(PCRET) Ihave Iinstalled Ithirteen Isolar Ipanels Iof
Itotal Icapacity I26.5KW Iwhich Iis Isupplying Ielectricity Ito I124 Icommunity Icenters, Ischools Iand
Ihouses. IPCRET Ihave Ispecially Imanufactured Ithree Ithousands Isolar Ilanterns Ito Isupply
Ielectricity Ito Irural Iareas. IIn Ithe Iworld, IPakistan Iis Ipresent Iin Ithe Iregion Iof Ithe Itoppest Isolar
Iinsulation. IIt Iis Iestimated Ithat Iaround I40 Ithousand Ivillages Iwill Ibe Ielectrified Ithrough Isolar
Ienergy. IIt Iis Ia Iclean Isource Iof Ienergy Iwhich Imakes Iit Imore Iattractive Ito Iuse.
4. ENERGY IFROM IBIOMASS
IBiomass Iis Ibasically Ia Irenewable Ienergy Iresource Iand Ihas Ia Igreat Ishare Ifor Ithe Ireduction Iof
Igreenhouse Ieffect. IAfter Icoal, Ipetroleum I& ISNG, Ibiomass Iis Iat Ithe I4th Ibiggest Iresource Iof
Ipower Iin Ithe Iworld Iwhich Icontributes Ito Iapproximate I14% Iof Ithe Iworld’s Ienergy Idemand.
IAmongst Iall Ithe Irenewable Ienergy Iresources, Ibiomass Iis Iexceptional Ibecause Iit Ialso Istores
Ienergy Iefficiently Iin Iitself. IRural Iareas Iof IPakistan Iare Ireplete Iwith Ia Ivariety Iof Ibiomass
Iresources I(animal Idung Iwaste, IMSW, Iagri-industrial, Iand Iagricultural Iwaste), Iwhich Ican Ibe
Iused Ito Iproduce Iabout I12 Imillion Icubic Imeters Iof Ibiogas Iper Iday, Iwhich Iis Ienough Ito
Ifulfill Ithe Ienergy Irequirements Iof I28 Imillion Irural Ipeople.Biomass Iis Ialone Ienergy Iresource
Ithat Ican Iefficiently Ibe Iconverted Iinto Isolid, Iliquid Iand Igaseous Ifuel Iby Iusing Idifferent
Itechnology.

NON-RENEWABLE INATURAL IENERGY

IRESOURCES:

1. NATURAL IGAS
INatural Igas Iis Ibeing Iproduced Iin Iall Ithe Iprovinces Iof IPakistan. IThe Itotal Iestimated
Iavailable Igas Ireserves Iare Iabout I25 ITrillion Icubic Ifeet. ISome Inatural Igas Ifields Iare IAdkhi
I,Badim I,Bhit Igas Ifield I,Kandanwari Igas Ifield I,Toot Igas Ifield I, ISui Igas Ifield Ietc IThe ISui Igas
Ifield Iis Ithe Ibiggest Inatural Igas Ifield Iin Ithe IPakistan. IIt Iis Ilocated Inear ISui Iin IBaluchistan. I.
IThe Iaverage Iproduction Iof Inatural Igas Iby I13 Idifferent Igas Icompanies Iis I3876 Imillion Icubic
Ifeet Iper Iday.Natural Igas Iis Ibeing Iused Iin Ipower Igeneration, Ifertilizer Iproduction, Itransport, Ias
Ia Ifuel Iin Icement Iproduction Iand Iin Igeneral Iindustry Iand Ifor Ioperating IHVAC Iplants Iof
Idomestic, Igovernment, Ipublic I& Icommercial Ibuildings, Iand Ifor Ihot-water I& Icooking Ifor
Idomestic Iuse.

2. CRUDE IOIL
Pakistan Iis Iproducing Icrude Ioil Isince I1915. IThe Ipresently Iavailable Ireserves Iof Icrude Ioil
Ihave Ibeen Iestimated Iat I436.2 IMillion IBarrels Iwhich Iare Imainly Ipresent Iin ISindh, IPunjab, I&
IK IP IK IProvinces.The Icurrent Ioil Iproduction Iis I65,997 Ibarrels Iper Iday I. IUnder Ithe Ibarren
Imountains Iof IBalochistan Iand Ithe Isands Iof ISindh, Ithere Iare Iuntouched Ioil Iand Igas Ireserves. I
3. COAL
Coal Iis Iused Iin Ithermal Ipower Istation Iand Iin Ifurnaces Ifor Imaking Ibricks. IAbout I80
Ipercent Iof Icement Iindustry Ihas Inow Iswitched Iover Ito Iindigenous Icoal Ifrom Ifurnace Ioil Ithat
Ihas Isaved Iconsiderable Iforeign Iexchange Ibeing Ispent Ion Ithe Iimport Iof Ifurnace Ioil. IQuality Iof
Icoal Iis Inot Ivery Igood. IIt Iis Iavailable Iat IDandot, IMakerwal, IHarnai, ILakhra I(Sindh). IThe
Icoalfield Iin Ithe ISindh Iprovince Ihas Ihuge Icoal Iresources Iof Iabout I175 Ibillion Itones. IThe
Icoalfields Iin Ithe ISindh Iprovince Ihave Icoal Iresources Iestimated Iat I175 Ibillion Itones.Over I80
Ipercent Iof Icoal Ii Iconsumed Iby Ithe Ibrick Ikiln Iindustry Ithus Ireducing Ithe Isupply Iavailable Ifor
Ipower Igeneration. I

MINERALS IAND IROCKS IAS INATURAL

IRESOURCES:

1. PRECIOUS IROCKS,GEMS IAND ISTONES

There Iare Iemerald Imines Iin IMingora Iand Icopper, Isilver Iand Igold Imines Iin IBalochistan.
IGovernment Ihas Iundertaken Ithe Icopper Iand Igold Imining Iprojects Iat ISaindak Iand IReko IDik.
IThe IReko IDiq ICopper I& IGold IProject Ihas Ian Iestimated I12.3 Imillion Itons Iof Iworld Iclass
Icopper Iand I20.9 Imillion Iounces Iof Igold Iworth Iaround I$ I125 Ibillion IUS Idollars. IIn Ispite Iof
Itheir Ihuge Ipotential, Ithe Itwo Imega Iprojects Ihave Ibecome Istagnant Idue Ito Imismanagement.

2. CHLORITE
IChlorite Iis Ian Iimportant Imineral Iand Iis Iused Iin Ihardening Iand Irefining Iores, Ileather
Itanning,manufacture Iof Isteel Igoods, Ichemicalsetc. IFairly Ilarge Ideposits Iof IChlorite Ihave Ibeen
Ifound Inear IMuslimbagh Iin IZhobDistrict I(Baluchistan). IChlorite Ideposits Ialso Ioccur Iin
IPeshawar Iand IKalatDivisions Ibut Iare Inot Ibeing Imined. I

3. ROCK ISALT
Rock ISalt. IRock ISalt Iis Iused Ifordomestic Iand Icommercial Ipurposes. IIts Imain Ideposits Iare
Ifound Iin IJhelum,Mianwail Iand IKohat Idistrict. IThe Iannual Iproduction Iof Irock Isalt Iwas I2012
Ithousand Itones Iin I2007.

4. GYPSUM
IGypsum Iis Ibeing Iused Iin Ithe Iproduction Iof Icement, Ichemical Ifertilizers, Iplaster Iof IParis
Ietc. IGypsum Ireserves Iare Isituated Iat IMianwali,Dera IGhazi IKhan I,Rohri,Quetta Iand ISibi.
5. LIMESTONE
ILimestone Iis Iused Iin Icement Iindustry, Ibuilding Iand Iconstructional Imaterial. ILarge Ideposits
Iof Ilimestone Iare Ifound Iin IJhelum,,Dera IGhazi IKhan,Moghul IKot,Kot IDiji Iand IRanipur. IThe
Itotal Iproduction Iof Ilimestone Iwas I14.6thousand Itones Iin I2006.

6. SILICA ISAND
ISilica ISand Iis Imainly Iused Iin Ichemicals Imetallurgical Iand Irefractory Iindustries. IIts Ideposits
Iare Iin IMianwali. IDera IGhazi IKhan, IDera IIsmailKhan, IDadu Iand IHazara Idistricts.

7. MAGNETITE(IRON IORE)
Magnetite Igreatest Iuse Iis Ias Ian Iimportant Iiron Iore Ifor Isteel Imanufacture.Magnetite Iis
Imainly Ifound Iin INasal Iin IZhob Idistrict. ISome Iquantity Ihas Ialso Ibeen Idiscovered Iin ISherwan
Iin INWFP.

SOME IOTHER INATURAL IRESOURCES:

1. LAND ISUITABLE IFOR IAGRICULTURE

, IPakistan Iis Iblessed Iwith Ia Iland Isuitable Ifor Iagriculture.Agriculture Iis Ithe Imain Isource Iof
Iincome Iof Ithe Imajority Iof Ipeople Iin IPakistan. IMore Ithan Ihalf Iof Ithe Itotal Iworkforce Iis
Iemployed Iin Iagriculture Iand Inearly I70 Ipercent Iof Iour Ipopulation Iis Idirectly Ior Iindirectly
Irelated Ito Iagriculture. IThe Ianother Ifact Ithat Iis Iworth Imentioning Iis Ithat Ionly I25 Ipercent Iof
Iour Itotal Iarable Iland Iis Iunder Icultivation, Ithe Iremaining Iif Iutilized Ican Ibring Ia Irevolution Iin
Ithe Iagriculture Isector. IThe Iprimary Iagriculture Iproducts Iof IPakistan Iinclude ICotton, IRice,
IWheat, Isugarcane, Imaize, Ifruits, Iand Ivegetables Ietc. IAll Iof Ithese Iagriculture Iproducts Iare Ia
Imajor Isource Iof Iforeign Iexchange Ireserves Ifor IPakistan Iand Iwe Ican Ifurther Iincrease Ithis Inet
Iif Iwe Ifocus Ion Ithe Imodern Itechniques Iof Iagriculture.

2. FORESTS
Pakistan Ihas Ibeen Iblessed Imoist Isoil Isuitable Ifor Iforests Iwhich Igreat Isource Iof Irecreation,
Inatural Ibeauty Iand Iattraction Ibut Ilacks Iforestry Iresources. IThe Iarea Iunder Iforests Idespite
Ivery Icongenial Iclimatic Iconditions Iis Ibarely I2.2% Ior Iabout I1,687,000 Iha Iof IPakistan Iis
Iforested I(according Ito Iresearch Iin I2007). IOf Ithis I20.2% I( I340,000 Iha) Iis Iclassified Ias Iprimary
Iforest, Ithe Imost Ibio Idiverse Iand Icarbon-dense Iform Iof Iforest. IPakistan Ihad I340,000 Iha Iof
Iplanted Iforest. I2.2% Iis Ireally Ia Ismall Iarea Ias Icompared Ito Iinternational Istandard Iaccording Ito
Iwhich Iit Ishould Ihave Ibeen I25%. IThough Ithe Iforest Iresources Iare Imeager, Iit Iplays Ian
Iimportant Irole Iin IPakistan's Ieconomy Iby Iemploying Ihalf Ia Imillion Ipeople Iand Ifulfills Ione-third
Iof Ithe Ination's Ienergy Ineeds.
CONCLUSION:
IIn Ishort IPakistan Ihas Ibeen Iblessed Iwith Ia Ilot Iof Inatural Iresources. IPakistan Iis Ione Ithe
Iresource-rich Icountries Iin Ithe Iregion Iand Iin Ithe Iworld Ibut Ipoor Iresource Imanagement Ihas Inot
Iallowed Ius Ito Itap Iour Iresources Ifor Ithe Ibenefit Iof Ithe Ination. IThese Iare Ithe Ilifelines Iof
IPakistan’s Idevelopment Ias Ia Icountry Ibut Ihaven’t Ibeen Iutilized Iin Ia Imanner Iin Iwhich Ithey
Ishould Ibe. IUtilization Iof Ithese Iresources Iwith Iproper Imanagement Iand Iplanning Ican Ibring
IPakistan Iinto Ithe Ilist Iof Ideveloped Inations Iand Ican Igive Iit Ithe Iposition Ithat Iit Ideserves Iin Ithe
Icomity Iof Inations. INo Idoubt Itechnical Iand Ifinancial Iresource Iconstraints Ihave Itheir Iimpact Ion
Ithe Ieconomy Ibut Ibest Imanagement Ipractices Ican Ibring Ithe Iturn Iaround Iquickly Iand IPakistan
Imay Istart Iits Igrowth Ipath Iwith Iproper Iplanning, Idedicated Ileading, Iresolute Imonitoring Iand
Ieffective Icon