Table 1.

1 The apparatus commonly used in a laboratory and their functions

Apparatus Function Apparatus Function

To heat small
Boiling amounts of To measure
tube
chemicals volume
of liquid
accurately
To hold small
Test tube amounts of Burette
chemicals

To measure a
fixed volume of
liquid

Beaker Pipette

To support
apparatus
To hold larger Tripod during heating
amounts of stand
chemicals
Conical flask
To spread heat
evenly during
Wire
heating
gauze

Flat-bottom To filter or
flask separate
insoluble solids
from mixtures
Filter
funnel

To measure
volume of
liquid To contain gas
Measuring Gas jar
cylinder

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 Chapter 1: Introduction
Pengenalan to Scientific
kepada Penyiasatan Investigation
Saintifik

To hold or
To evaporate
support Evaporating excess solvent
apparatus dish
Retort
stand with
clamp

1.2
Aim: To identify the apparatus commonly used in the laboratory
Instruction
1. In groups, observe the apparatus commonly used in the laboratory.
2. Identify the apparatus and state their functions. Record them in your practical book.
3. Draw and label the apparatus in your practical book.
4. Then, discuss the classification of the apparatus according to their usage.
5. Present your discussion in class by using a tree map.

Symbols of Hazardous Materials in the Laboratory

Have you seen the symbol as in Figure 1.6? What is the meaning of the symbol?

Science Exploration

Some chemicals like

Figure 1.6 A hazard symbol
potassium and lithium
will react if exposed
to air. So, these
chemicals must be
kept in paraffin oil.

Most chemicals that we

use in the laboratory
are hazardous. We must
observe the hazard
symbols on chemical
bottles before using them
to prevent accidents.

Photograph 1.8 Lithium is kept in

Photograph 1.7 Hazardous materials with hazard symbols paraffin oil
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