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By Rusul Anwar

The Cerebrum

Forebrain

 External features

Surfaces :

1. Superolateral surface

.2Medial surface

.3Inferior surface

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Sulci :

.1Central sulcus،

.2Lateral sulcus،

3. Parieto-occipital sulcus,

Main Sulci
Three principal sulci
Central sulcus
Lateral sulcus
Parietooccipital sulcus

Central sulcus Parietooccipital sulcus

Lateral sulcus

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Lobes :
1. Frontal lobe (in front of the central sulcus
and above the lateral sulcus),
2. Temporal lobe(below the lateral sulcus),
3. Parietal lobe (behind the central sulcus and
above the lateral sulcus),
4. Occipital lobes (behind the parieto-occipital
sulcus).
5. Insula

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Lobes of Cerebral Hemisphere

Five lobes
 Frontal lobe
 Parietal lobe
 Temporal lobe
 Occipital lobe
 Insular lobe

Insular lobe

Superolateral surface

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1. Lateral sulcus:

2. Opercula:

Insula

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3.Central Sulcus

4. Frontal gyri:

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5. Temporal Gyrus:

6. Parietal lobe :

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7. Occipital lobe:

Cerebrum

14-16

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Cerebrum-Frontal Lobe

Cerebrum-Parietal Lobe

14-18

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Cerebrum-Occipital Lobe

14-19

Cerebrum-Temporal Lobe

14-20

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2. Medial surface:

1. Corpus callosum

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2. The medial frontal gyrus

3. Cingulate sulcus & Cingulate gyrus

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4. parieto-occipital sulcus
Paracentral
lobule

Precuneus

Cuneus

Lingual

5. Calcrine sulcus

3. Inferior surface

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Gyrus rectus
Olfactory sulcus

Orbital gyri Olfactory

& Sulci bulb
Olfactory
tract ,

Collateral sulcus

Occipitotemporal Uncus
sulcus

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 INTERNAL FEATURES

White Matter of the Cerebral

Hemispheres

• The white matter is composed of myelinated

nerve fibers supported by neuroglia.

• The nerve fibers may be classified into three

groups according to their connections:
(1) Commissural fibers,
(2) Association fibers,
(3) Projection fibers.

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.1Commissure Fibers:
• connect corresponding regions of the two
hemispheres.
• They are as follows:
 Corpus callosum,
 Anterior commissure,
 Posterior commissure,
 Fornix,
 Habenular commissure.

A. Corpus callosum:
• the largest commissure of
the brain,
• connects the two cerebral
hemispheres.
• It lies at the bottom of the
longitudinal fissure.
• it is divided into :
.1Rostrum:
is a thin part of anterior end of
corpus callosum which is
prolonged posteriorly to be
continuous with upper
end of the lamina terminalis.

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2. Genu :
is the curved anterior end of
the corpus callosum that
bends inferiorly in front of
the septum pellucidum.

3. Body :
Arches posteriorly and
ends as
4. splenium

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•Forceps minor:
the fibers directed
laterally of the genu curve
forward into the frontal
lobes

• Radiation of Corpus
Callosum
The fibers of the body
extend laterally.
• Forceps major :
Traced laterally, the fibers in
the splenium arch backward
into the occipital lobe

B. The anterior commissure :

is a small bundle of nerve fibers that
crosses the midline in the lamina
terminalis.

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C.Posterior Commissure :

Is a bundle of nerve fibers

that crosses the midline
immediately above the
opening of the cerebral
aqueduct into the third
ventricle.

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Fornix

2. Association Fibers :

•Association fibers are nerve fibers that

essentially connect various cortical regions
within the same hemisphere and may be
divided into:

A. The Short Association Fibers

B. The Long Association Fibers :

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White matter of cerebrum

 Consists of myelinated nerve
fibres which are categorized
on the basis of their course
and connections
B. Association fibres
• It links different cortical areas
of the same hemisphere
•Two types
v. Short association fibres
 They are entirely intracotical
 Some merely pass from one
wall of the sulcus to other.
viii.Long association fibres
 They are present in bundles
 Example: uncinate
fasciculus,cingulum,superior
longitudinal fasciculus,etc

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C. Projection fibres
• Projection fibres connect
cerebral cortex with lower
levels in the brain and
spinal cord.
• Consists of both
coticofugal and
corticopetal fibres
• Corticofugal fibres
converge from all
directions to form corona
radiata.Corona radiata
continous with the
internal capsule.

Internal Capsule

• It is a thick lamina of white matter made up of projection

fibers which pass to and from the cerebral cortex.
• It is continuous superiorly with the corona radiata, and
inferiorly with pedunculi of midbrain.
• Parts of Internal Capsule:
A. Anterior limb.
B. Genu.
C. Posterior limb.

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Radiological anatomy

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