Answer to Subjective

1. List 5 advantages that being possessed by the fluid power system compared to other
available system?

Advantages of hydraulic
.It is lighter in weight than alternate existing systems.
.Ease of installation
.Simplification of inspection
.Minimum maintenance
.It is not a shock hazard; it is not much of a fire hazard.
.It can develop practically unlimited force or torque, almost 100% efficient.

2. List the entire fluid characteristic and elaborate their characteristic?

An ideal hydraulic properties
• Able to flow with minimum opposition (low viscosity)
• Incompressible
• Good lubricating properties
• Inhabit to corrosion (prevent internal corrosion in system)
• Chemically stable
• Does not foam
• High flash point
• Low freezing point
• Large working range (wide operating temperature range)
• Not toxic or can harm the hand of operator
• Good storage life

3. What types of contamination are present in hydraulic system and elaborate the significant
identification and effect towards the system?

• Particulate contamination – (Abrasive) small pieces of solid matter are present in the
system. Internal damage of hydraulic pumps mainly metal and seal particles.
• Soluble/ liquid contamination–(non-abrasive) chemical or solvent action affect the
system. It can form deposit that may cause erosion of valves and internal corrosion of
components.
(Filter used in system to trap any contamination. For safety guard by pass is fitted if
filter become clogged.)

4. How many methods of pressurizing of reservoir are available discuss and briefly explain
the procedures :
The purpose of pressurized reservoir
high flying aircraft
prevent boiling of hydraulic fluid
positive feeding to pump
Prevent cavitations
Prevent air bubbles from forming in the fluid at high altitude
Methods of pressurizing reservoir
• 1. Aspirator (variable displacement hydraulic pumps)
• fitted at return line
 • Fluid flowing thru aspirator pulls either cabin or ambient air by jet action
• Pressure regulator to maintain 30 to 35 psi
• 2. Compressor bleed air
• bleed air from turbine engine
• maintain pressure at 40 to 45 psi

• 3. Hydraulic system pressure

• Larger piston to smaller piston
• Reduction of pressure on reservoir 50:1
• 3000 psi drop to 60 psi
• Note. Before servicing, ensure to release the system pressure

5. What are the functions of a check valves and what are the example available?

• allows fluid to flow in one direction and prevent in opposite direction.

• (Non return Valve)- an arrow molded on the casing to prevent incorrect installation
• Ball type, most familiar type
• Cone type, same as ball type to maintain case pressure in gearotor type pumps.
• Swing type, cannot tolerate the opposition to the flow.
• Orifice check valve. Free flow in one direction but restricted flow in opposite direction.
• (Restrictor valve) – to limit the speed of an actuator in one direction only
• - used to slow down flap retraction or landing gear extension

6. What are the different and similarity between sequence valve and priority valve based on
the function and constructions?

Sequence valve
Used to permit actuation only when specific prior events have occurred.
mechanically and hydraulically operated
Mechanically operated – eg. Landing gear does not extend until doors are open
Landing gear is retracted before the doors closed
operating plunger of sequence valve allow fluid to flow to next actuator
Hydraulically operated – are used to permit actuation only specific events have occurred
( Priority valve)
• open by hydraulic pressure
• Flow until preset pressure is reached.
• Pressure Maintaining Valve / Priority Valve
• (Basically a relief valve which maintained the primary services regardless secondary
requirement )
• - Safe guard the primary services such as flying control and brakes
• - Ensuring primary services operational first,
• - System pressure exceed pre-determined value only secondary services can be
operational

7. Explain ‘OPEN’ center hydraulic system?

 Open centre hydraulic system

8. What are the functions of an accumulator in hydraulic system and when will it functioning
towards the system?
To prevent the unloading valve to kicking in and out too rapidly
To store hydraulic under pressure
To compensate for temporary drop in supply on selection of service.
Damp out pump pulsation, thus cushioning the shock load
Allow for thermal expansion of fluid
Emergency supply if pump fail
Once the pump start operating and pressure start to build up in the system.

9. List 5 advantages of pneumatic system?

Advantages
Air is inexhaustible
Simple and lightweight
No return line
Free from temperature problems
No fire hazard

10. List the function of moisture separator and desiccant towards pneumatic system?
When inlet pressure to separator drop below preset value drain valve open
water drain overboard.
Air leave moisture separator 98% water removed
2% is removed by desiccant cartridge, dehydrating agent