ARUSHA TECHNICAL COLLEGE (ATC)

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MODULE NAME: CONTROL ENGINEERING

MODULE CODE: EEU07201
NAME OF STUDENT: JOHN JUMA
ADMISSION NUMBER: 20031613050
PROGRAM: BACHELOR DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL AND AUTOMATION
FACILITATOR: MR URBANUS
TASK: INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
SUBMISSION DATE: 17, April 2021
SIGNATURE:
 AN AUTOMATIC TOASTER CONTROL SYSTEM
A system is an arrangement of physical components connected or related in such a manner as to
form and/or act as an entire unit

Control is usually taken to mean regulate, direct, or command

A control system is a system, which provides the desired response by controlling the output.
The following figure shows the simple block diagram of a control system.

An automatic toaster with feedback is taken as an example of the practical closed loop control
system. The block diagram is shown in Figure below. The input of the system is desired quality
of the toast. The output of the system is the actual quality of the toast. The actual toast quality in
the toaster is measured by a quality measuring device like a color detector placed in the toaster.

Automatic Toaster with Closed Loop Control bloc diagram

Automatic Toaster
It produces a signal proportional to toast quality. This quality is then compared with the desired
toast quality to generate an error signal. This error signal is detected by the controller that
changes the heating time. The heating time is changed through relays such that the error is
reduced. This makes the actual toast quality same as desired one.

The disturbance in the toaster due to temperature changes from surrounding conditions change
the toast quality. This is because the toast heating intensity is changed. It is to be noted that the
quality is important here. It is very important compared with the desired toast quality.

The disturbances are also transmitted to the comparator, through the feedback path. They also
influence the error. Thus, in this system the input is influenced by the output and disturbances
through the feedback path.
References
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/control_systems/index.htm
feedback and control systems (Second edition) - Joseph J. Distefano