3rd Quarter in Science Module

In this lesson, you will learn that gravitation and frictional forces affect the movements of different
objects. You will understand also that gravity and friction are always present and have big influence in
the activities that you do and in the things that you use. These forces are naturally occurring. Gravity
and friction work in your daily life. Both gravity and friction are kinds of forces. Gravity keeps everything
on Earth firmly on the ground while friction is a force that resists the movement of an object sliding
against another. Frictional force keeps cars from slipping off roads and helps certain machineries
function properly. Have you ever tried going down a slide like what the boy is doing on the illustration
below? Slides can be on a pool or a playground, you may have observed that the more upright the slide
is, the faster you fall downwards. The downward force pulling on you towards the ground when you
slide is referred to as gravity. The slide’s smoothness or wetness also adds speed when going down.
When force between two objects in contact with each other, like the clothes you are wearing rubbing
against the slide, is an example of friction. It takes place when two objects rub against each other.
Gravity and friction also affect every activity that you do, from walking to running, going up and down
the stairs, and even when sleeping or just standing on the ground. You naturally encounter gravity and
friction and these help us with our daily life. When you throw stone upward, the stone will fall down.
This is because the Earth is using a strong attractive force on the stone you have thrown that is called
gravity. Without gravity, things will float on Earth’s surface. Looking back at the illustration above with
the boy playing on the slide, friction unlike gravity is a force that acts between two bodies that are in
contact with each other. In this case, the boy’s clothes in contact with the slide produce the force called
friction. Take for example whenever you comb your hair, friction takes place as you rub your hair using
the comb. Friction happens not just between the comb and your hair strands, but also between the
comb and your fingers holding the comb. Friction keeps the comb stays in your hands. It helps you in
doing the combing of your hair.

Learning Task 1: Study the illustration below and answer the questions that follow.
Sipa is one of Philippine national symbols. It is our Philippine national game. Answer the following
questions on your answer sheet.
Questions:
1. What do you think will happen with the sipa if the boy did not catch it with his foot? Do you think it
will fall to the ground? Why or why not?
2. What kind of force acts on the object that makes it move downward every time it is tossed upward?
3. Does friction act between the sipa and foot of the boy?
4. How does friction act on the movement or direction of the sipa?
5. How does gravity and friction affect the objects used in playing sipa? When thinking about gravity,
have you ever speculated what would happen if the axis of the planet moved toward the Sun?
Do this activity and find out. As a form of family bonding, perform this activity with four of your family
members.

Learning Task 2 Activity Title: Observing Gravity Materials: large tablecloth large stone marble
Procedures:
1. Ask your family members to tightly hold the corners of a large tablecloth or sheet.
2. Place a heavy object such as a stone in the center of the cloth. This makes the center of the cloth
bend downward.
3. Roll a marble so that it spirals around the stone. Observe what happened.
3rd Quarter in Science Module

4. Change the speed and the initial angle of the marble as you roll the marble on the cloth. Record what
you have observed.
5. Replace the heavy stone with a lighter stone in the center of the tablecloth and roll the marble again.
Observe the movement of the object compared with the previous observations.
6. Replace the marble with other round objects like table tennis ball, small ball bearing and the like.
Observe the movement happened.
7. Record your observation on the table.

Table 1. Object used in the center Observations on the movement of the object “marble” when rolled
Observation on the movement of other objects replacing the marble when rolled Heavy stone Lighter
stone Guide questions: Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. How do the speed and angle of the marble rolled on the cloth affect the path and movement of the
rolling marble?
2. What have you observed to the movement of the marble rolled when the heavy stone is replaced?
3. What have you observed to the movement of the objects replacing the marble when rolled?
4. How does the tablecloth activity demonstrate the effect of gravity on the movement of objects?

Learning Task 3: Study more about friction and then answer the following questions.
1. What is resistance?
2. What is the result or effect of friction when two objects are rubbed?
3. Which has less friction, rough surfaces, or smooth surfaces?
4. How does friction affect moving objects?
5. How do textures of objects affect the friction produce when two objects are in contact with each
other?

Learning Task 4: Copy the table below on your answer sheet, then list the things that might happen if
there is no gravity and friction. What might happen if there is no gravity and friction.

Gravity Friction
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

Learning Task 5: Create a poster advertisement that demonstrates road safety. Use a white cartolina for
this project-based output.

Remember that the two different forces discussed in this lesson are:  Gravity is a force of attraction of
two bodies because of their masses.  Friction is a force that opposes movement. It is always opposite
to the direction of the motion.

Learning Task 6: Study the following situations and answer the question for each. Remember what you
have learned about gravity and friction. Write your explanations on your answer sheet.
1. Place a book on top of a table. What keeps the book from falling? How is this possible?
3rd Quarter in Science Module

2. Roll a marble on top of a level surface. Make it stop. Slide a light book on top of the same level surface
by giving it an initial push. Did the book continue to slide? What is responsible for making the sliding
book slow down and eventually stop?
3. Drop a small stone and a piece of paper from the same height at the same time. Observe closely the
motion of the stone and the paper as they fall. Which of them reached the ground first? Why did not the
other one reach the ground at the same time as the first?
4. What is the importance of friction in our daily life?
5. Why do we need gravity?

Learning Task 7: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Where is gravitational force directed as you stand on the floor?
A. upward C. backward B. forward D. downward
2. Which of the following shows the presence of friction?
A. cars continuously roll down hills B. things fall off on smooth surfaces C. people stay in place as they
move D. cars stop when the driver steps on the brakes
3. What is the direction of the frictional force that acts on an object moving to the left?
A. upward C. to the right B. downward D. to the left also
4. Which of the following statements is not true about friction?
A. it acts upward opposing the pull of gravity B. it prevents things from sliding off surfaces C. it keeps
things that are in contact with each other D. it holds objects that are separated by the great distance
5. A delivery man uses wooden ramp when he delivers thus, packages do not slide off easily making his
work take longer. What would be the best way to make the packages slide easily?
A. make his wooden ramp wider B. use water on his wooden ramp C. use a sandpaper to polish and
smoothen his ramp D. make his wooden ramp narrower

B. Identify what kind of force is acting on the object described in each situation.
_______1. A hanging fruit falling from a tree.
_______2. A ball rolling on the floor.
_______3. A jeepney moving on a sloping road.
_______4. A meteor falling through the Earth’s atmosphere.
_______5. Raindrops falling from the sky.
A An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in
Match each vocabulary word with its definition. motion will stay in motion unless a force is
1. acceleration ______ introduced.
2. equilibrium ______ B How fast and in what direction an object is
3. force ______ traveling.
4. friction ______ C A force that pulls anything on the Earth’s surface
5. gravity ______ toward the center of the Earth.
6. inertia ______ D Something that changes an object’s state of rest
7. kinetic energy ______ or motion.
8. momentum ______ E An increase in an object’s velocity.
9. potential energy ______ F Energy that is stored up on an object because of
10. velocity ______ its position.
G A tendency of an object to keep moving when
it’s in motion.
H The energy an object has because it is moving.
I The force that results from two surfaces rubbing
against one another.
J A state of balance where opposing forces on an
object simply cancel each other out, and the object
remains stable and unchanged.
3rd Quarter in Science Module

On your answer sheet, write your personal insights about the lesson by completing the phrases below. I
understand that ________________________________________________________. I realize that
_____________________________________________________________. I need to learn more about
______________________________________________.

Choose the correct answer:

11. Which law of motion states that, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?
a. Newton’s First Law of Motion. b. Newton’s Second Law of Motion. c. Newton’s Third Law of Motion.
d. The law of reaction.

12. What is an example of how friction can be helpful?

a. A skateboard ramp. b. A seatbelt in a car. c. The brakes on a car. d. The wheels on a bicycle.

13. If you kick a bowling ball and a tennis ball with the same amount of force, according to Newton’s
Second Law of Motion, what will happen?
a. The tennis ball will travel farther than the bowling ball. b. The bowling ball will travel farther than the
tennis ball. c. The bowling ball will travel faster, but cover a shorter distance. d. The balls will travel the
same distance.

14. According to Newton’s First Law of Motion… it is_______

a. An object in motion will slow down when moving down a hill. b. An object in motion will stay in
motion unless acted upon by an outside force. c. An object in motion will always move sideways when
acted upon by an outside force. d. An object in motion will stay in motion when it is acted upon by an
outside force.

15. Which is the best example of kinetic energy?

a. A diver standing on the edge of a high dive. b. A skier moving swiftly down a hill. c. A car sitting in a
driveway. d. A runner who is waiting to start a race.

Fill in the blanks.

16. A skateboarder at the top of a ramp has _______________ energy.
17. The scientific study of energy and matter and how they interact with each other is called
_____________________.

Answer the following in complete sentences.

18. Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Give an example of this law.

19. During the cart launcher experiment, the elastic cord was stretched back to launch the cart. Tell how
this affected the cart and why.

20. If you kick a bowling ball and a golf ball with the same amount of force, tell which ball will go farther
and which law of motion explains why.

Prepared by:
Michael Edward N. de Villa