Let’s Practice!

Title: A Cultural Study of Beauty Pageants' Potential Impacts

in Filipino Society

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

There are various constraints that apply due to the notion of study.   Because it

was focused on a certain period in time (year 2015-2021), the study is unable to capture

the progression of attitudes on beauty pageants. It also lacks the ability to investigate

the circumstances or historical events that shaped the respondents' current attitudes. The

study concentrated on the viewpoints of women between the ages of 18 and 25, which

may not adequately represent the breadth and scope of the topic under investigation.

The respondents' perspectives do not fully reflect the Filipino society's diversity of

religious views and ethnicity.

TRY

Title: A Cultural Study of Beauty Pageants' Potential Impacts

in Filipino Society

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Significance of the Study

During festivals or other special events, beauty pageants are held in all

barrios, cities, and towns across the Philippines. When such pageants are held,

people will undoubtedly leave their homes in order to be a part of the crowd; when

national or international beauty pageants are held, Filipino citizens will

undoubtedly switch on their televisions or search for it on the internet in order to

get the latest updates about it, proving how “beauty-crazed” the Filipino society is.

Because of the public's enthusiastic acceptance and interest with beauty pageants,

they eventually became a necessary when entertaining a large crowd. They have

become a standard in contemporary culture over the years, which is why people

tend to underestimate the ability of beauty pageants to corrupt the contestants'

and spectators' way of thinking, and eventually their way of life. It is the

"something extra" going on in beauty pageants that seeks to get a lot of public

attention. As a result, this research will highlight the dangers of being overly

enamored with the pleasures that beauty pageants provide. It will also highlight

the connections between beauty pageants and the underprivileged sectors of

society, such as women, children, and ethnic minorities.

Let’s Practice! (b)

Title: A Cultural Study of Beauty Pageants' Potential Impacts

in Filipino Society

Review of Literature

Women (as opposed to males) are more likely to be assessed by their

physical appearance and conformance to the traditional ideal of beauty in

communities where patriarchy reigns supreme. Beauty pageants help to progress a

culture in which women with high physical appearance are regarded highly and

beauty remains a "currency" and "gold standard" for women (Wolf, 1990; Mazur,

1986; Thompson, et al., 1999).

Beauty pageants, according to Cohen, Wilk, and Stoeltje (1996), provide the

false impression that there is a specific beauty standard, that there is an objective

measure for beauty, and that beauty has a real existence separate from the

person. When college women are exposed to beauty pageants, they may make

social comparisons to the candidates based on their physical appeal. Since

participants tend to be of comparable age and social background to the others,

these comparisons may be even more possible. Self-evaluation, self-improvement,

and self-enhancement are all factors that might lead to such comparisons between

individuals, which can be both upward and downward (Festinger, 1954; Wood,

1989).
 Some support beauty pageants, claiming that they assist promote tourism in

the Philippines and provide an opportunity for regular people to achieve their

ambitions of entering the world of high fashion, high fortune, or marriage with

political dynasties and the elites (Flores, 2002).

Such events will be able to assist participants grow their self-esteem and

learn how to present themselves in public, as well as get comfortable speaking or

performing in front of a large number of people. Contestants will also put in extra

effort to get their bodies in shape in preparation for the competition, and this will

become a habit for them later on. Winning beauty pageants may also provide them

with the opportunity to win dazzling prizes, as well as the confidence they may

require to reach for and pursue greater goals (occupytheory.org).

Let’s Practice!

Title 1 : As the Most Adequate Means of Preventing Crimes,

the Policy of "Death Penalty (Crime for Crime)" Punishment

Statement of the Problem

1. How does death penalty violate human rights & religion’s attitude?

2. Is the death penalty an effective crime deterrent?

3. Should the death penalty be allowed?

Title 2 : COVID-19 patients' social experiences during

hospitalization

Statement of the Problem

1.) What were the patients' early attitudes toward the illness?

2.) What were the main aspects of depression for the patients?

3.) What were the patients' physical and mental responses during their

hospitalizations, and how did they react?

Title 3 : A Cultural Study of Beauty Pageants' Potential

Impacts in Filipino Society

Statement of the Problem

 1.) What part does beauty pageantry play in the formation of Filipino identity, culture,

values system, and beliefs ?

2.) What else do beauty pageants have to offer to its viewers and contestants except

sashes and crowns?

3.) How pageants influence people's feelings, belief systems, and identity

development?

Let’s Practice!

Title: As the Most Adequate Means of Preventing Crimes,

the Policy of "Death Penalty (Crime for Crime)" Punishment
Literature review

Death by firing squad (especially for treason/military offences, normally reserved

for independence fighters) and garrotte were the most prevalent methods of execution

under Spanish colonial rule. The execution of three Filipino Catholic martyr priests,

Mariano Gomez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, also known as Gomburza, by the

oppressive Spanish government in the Philippines is a noteworthy case of execution by

garrote . (The Death of Gomburza & The Propaganda Movement, 2020)

Another common form of execution was hanging. Another notable example is

José Rizal, who was executed by firing squad on the morning of December 30, 1896, in

the park that bears his name (McLean & John, 2003; BBC News, 2014). The Philippine

Commission discontinued the use of the garrote as a method of punishing prisoners in

1902, replacing it with execution by hanging (Act No. 451, 1902). The electric chair was

adopted by the United States' colonial Insular Government in 1926, leaving the

Philippines the only other nation to use it (Galvin, 2016). In February 1932, Governor-

General Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. carried out the final colonial-era execution. Manuel L.

Quezon, the Commonwealth's first President, presided over no executions. (The

Sesquicentennial of Dr. Jose Rizal's birth: An Introduction, 2012)

Under the 1987 Constitution, the Philippines became the first Asian country to

eliminate the death penalty, but it was reinstated in 1993 under President Fidel

Ramos' administration to counter rising crime rates, only to be repealed again in

2006 after then-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed a law limiting the capital

sentence to life imprisonment.

 The seeming high death penalty support in the Philippines is President Duterte’s

brand of penal populism that has been instrumental in gaining people’s high satisfaction

with his anti-illegal drugs campaign. In his 5th State of the Nation Address (SONA),

President Duterte once again reiterated the need to fight the country’s drug problem

and emphasized that the death penalty will be vital in the government’s effort in

addressing it (Limpot,2020). Earlier in his term, President Duterte also claimed that

there are at least 3 million drug addicts in the Philippines, supposedly to stress the

severity of the drug problem in the country (Baldwin & Marshall, 2016). The high

number of alleged extrajudicial killings in the country amid the anti-illegal drugs

campaign that is combined with the near impunity for these killings may have created an

illusion that the killings were legitimate, and that the campaign has been effective in

eradicating the drug problem and lessening the total number of drug users and criminals

in the country.

A motivation for supporting the death penalty is the belief that it is an effective

deterrent against criminality. In a study among university students in Bosnia and

Herzegovina, those who perceived the death penalty as an effective deterrent against

criminality were reported to be more likely to support the death penalty (Muftic et al.,

2015). Similarly, pro-death penalty lawmakers in the country justify their support for the

death penalty by arguing it deters criminal activities. A former Philippine National Police

(PNP) Chief and now senator, Bato Dela Rosa, claims that making public executions

appear gruesome will deter the people from committing the same crime committed by

the executed offender (Ariate, 2019). However, there is very little evidence to support or

debunk this claim, given the dearth of empirical research on death penalty effects.

International evidence suggests a mixed picture, with methodological issues hounding

many studies. Contradicting conclusions of empirical research on this issue indicates that

there is still no clear consensus as to whether or not the death penalty has a deterrent
effect on criminality. Some studies would show the death penalty deters murders and

save lives (see Ehrlich, 1975; Dezhbakhsh et al., 2003), while others showed it led to an

increase in homicide rates (see Dann, 1935; Bowers & Pierce, 1980).