Group #3 Smart City Project Estp Paris

GROUP #3 SMART CITY PROJECT ESTP PARIS
SMART CITY PROJECT
EDOUARD Manon
GABILLAULT Alice
FRELAU Timotéo
POUCHIN Romane
KOAMA Kadidia
ZAAF Merwan
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Executive Summary
The aim of this project is to be able to develop the city of Sens in a way that we can meet the needs of its
citizen. Technology has changed our world in many directions. Our project in an example of using
technology in order to help local economy. Also, our idea was to generate a system that can develop the
train station neighborhood. This report is based on three different parts concerning: Smart neighborhood,
Smart Buildings and Smart Grid of this city.
Our vision was to save space for useful infrastructures and security of the city transport, in order to fulfil
what this city needs. Based on inhabitant’s demand to relax, to entertain and for students to boost their
knowledge we created a link between all people to interact with different components. Some can enjoy a
relaxing walk; some can develop and improve new skills while other can watch a movie. In order to create a
smart city, we know that the transport is the main step to achieve it. As the number of accidents due to cars
is high, we focused in the security of this neighborhood in intelligent way like Transportation Network
(ITN). Due to this technology, the consumers will have access to all Sens’ route information in real-time on
different devices. Further there more there will be a new alternative means of transports like electrical bus
line that will decongest city centers while reducing air and noise pollution.
After helping this neighborhood turning into smart another part for us to focus is the development of Smart
Building. The smart building consists in automated processes to manage and control its operation by a fully
integrated network of sensors, actuators and microchips that all generate a constant stream of up-to-date
data. By knowing this we decided to implement our buildings with several sensors and controls like lighting
control, temperature sensors, motion sensors and contact sensors like lighting control system, temperature
sensors, motion sensors also contact sensors. Together, they will be able to monitor where and when the
lights are needed; the heating, ventilation and air conditioning need to fluctuate depending on the
occupancy; and which areas need to be checked both inside and outside the buildings. This system will
operate in the secluded areas like (local shops, entertainment places, parking lots, etc.) while the contact
sensors will help render all of these places safe and secure. Together, they will widely impact the energy
savings.
According to the city energy consumption we decided to use available renewable energy sources that
already exist in this area. Like solar and wind energy potentials even the kinetic energy of inhabitants (by
walking). We arranged to find the better solution and we decided to use different energy production sources
like photovoltaic system, wind trees and piezo electric slabs main parts of smart grid of the city. This Grid
Network is one of the innovative trends towards efficient and intelligent use of both conventional and non-
conventional resources of energy. Our Smart Grid is a completely two-way communication network
between the energy suppliers and their customers. In order to power the grid, we estimated the number of
solar panels and wind trees needed to cover 10% of the city’s electrical needs. After determining the
available area, we could use to install panels, we found that we could use exactly 22 451 solar panels; and 69
wind trees to provide the remaining energy.
The benefits of this project consist in the financial part, environment part even in the social one. Our grid is
an investment with strong rates of return and generating electricity can allow us to eliminate a portion of
electricity bill. As we know solar panels enable a C02 reduction of 420 tons per year and on the other hand
we can say that this project can provide social benefits like improvement of health, advancement in
technologies, and opportunities for the work.
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Team Presentation
Manon EDOUARD Kadidia KOAMA

manon.edouard@estp.fr coulibaly.koama@estp.fr
Student at ESTP Civil Student at ESTP Civil
Engineering curriculum Engineering curriculum
Background: TP Background: B
Timotéo FRELAU Romane POUCHIN

timoteo.frelau@estp.fr romane.pouchin@estp.fr
Background: GM3E Background: TP
Alice GABILLAULT Merwan ZAAF

alice.gabillault@estp.fr merwan.zaaf@estp.fr
Background: TP Background: B
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction...............................................................................................................................6
Geographical Inputs from GeoPortail.......................................................................................7
II. Smart Neighborhood.............................................................................................................8
1.Proposal for a mass layout...................................................................................................................8
a. The neighborhood.....................................................................................................................8
III-Smart Building.......................................................................................................................
Coworking zone:........................................................................................................................................
Medical hub:..............................................................................................................................................
HVAC Multi Split Systems..........................................................................................................................
WIFI access................................................................................................................................................
Light and temperature sensors...................................................................................................................
CCTV.........................................................................................................................................................
Underground Car Park..............................................................................................................................
Filtering Plant – Reprocessing Water Treatment.......................................................................................
IV- Smart grid.............................................................................................................................
Introduction...............................................................................................................................................
Size of each part to the smart grid.............................................................................................................
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Introduction
Sens is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north central France, located
at a 120 km from Paris. With approximately 26,000 inhabitants, Sens is the second most populated
commune in the Yonne department and the sixth in the region. The commune was a well-known religious
area during the Middle Ages; and nowadays possesses a rich heritage as well as remarkable monuments
including the Sens Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Saint-Étienne), the Archbishops’ Palace and the House of
Abraham. Additionally, it still organizes numerous events such as les festivals MusicaSens, les Synodales,
and la fête de l’âne[CITATION Sen20 \l 1033 \m Sen17].
For many years, Sens has left a bitter taste for its inhabitants. Ever since the 70s and 80s and the commune’s
absorption by the capital, Sens has become more of a ghost town. Many inhabitants complain of the constant
disappearance of the local trade (marketplace, restaurants, cafés, etc.), the local entertainment (cinemas,
theatres, etc.), the relocation of giant firms as well as the increase in human capital flight. The commune has
lost its sensitivity throughout the years and many once-inhabitants barely recognize the area anymore. The
overall ambiance has drastically changed. The sense of collectivity and exchange that had once lived there
has died of over time. As a result, the people no longer interact between one another. The commune’s fate
has become dismal and is lacking in security: for many the city resembles the capital’s northern suburbs. For
many inhabitants, the commune has become a beneficial place for Parisian workers to live without having to
endure the capital’s living costs [CITATION Les17 \m SEN20 \l 1033 ].
According to an article from L’Yonne Républicaine back in 2011, the municipal council was to vote on the
programming study for the multimodal exchange hub of the SNCF station: a first step in a major
development of the neighborhood. This project represented three years of hard work into connecting state
operators to this single task. This agreement brought together the city of Sens, the SNCF and its subsidiary
Gare & Connexions, the Réseau Ferré de France (RFF), the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, the Conseil
Général de Yonne, the Communauté de Communes du Sénonais (CCS), and the Chambre de Commerce et
d’Industrie (CCI) of Yonne. The purpose of this project was twofold: launch a study aimed at creating an
exchange hub for different means of transportation (train, bus, car, taxi, bicycle, pedestrian) and include in
this study a section relating to the elaboration of mixed layouts and constructions within the train station
neighborhood, which is in favor of the development of economic and tertiary activities, of commercial
activities as well as the production of housing and town planning. This multimodal exchange hub was to
answer several requirements: give priority to the arrival of public transportation as close as possible to the
train station; propose a secure layout of the whole site for users and the different means of transportation;
ensure inter-district connections and offer a diversity of parking time for light vehicles [ CITATION Len11 \l
1033 ].
According to an article from France Bleu from 2019, the situation has not changed at all. For ten years the
political leaders of the area have been alluding to the creation of a multimodal exchange hub around the train
station. However, nothing has happened since. Business and local shops are scarce in this area. Locals look
back on the times when there was a butcher’s shop opposite the baker’s, a hairdresser next to it, or even a
piano merchant. The article later on describes the main idea that once came with this exchange hub:
facilitate the transition from the train to another means of transportation such as a car, a bus or a bicycle;
thus, redeveloping the district. All agree the area needs to be dynamical once again. However, current
negotiations have fallen short [ CITATION Leq19 \l 1033 ].
The purpose of this report is to propose the different ways one could improve the train station neighborhood.
To do so, we will divide the explanation into three points: smart neighborhood, smart building, and smart
grid.
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I. Geographical Inputs from GeoPortail
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II. Smart Neighborhood
As we have explained earlier on in this report, the train station neighborhood is lacking in dynamical
activities. The aim of this section is to answer the requirements that come with a smart neighborhood:
entrepreneurial, educational and residential areas; facilitation of transitioning between means of
transportation; inter-district communication implementation; a secure layout of the site for all incomers. The
smart neighborhood should supposedly regroup the conditions for a fluid experience for the users: residents,
professionals, occasional or regular visitors, etc.
1.Proposal for a mass layout

a. The neighborhood
As integral part of the study, we were asked to develop a smart neighborhood for the train station area. The
neighborhood corresponds to the highlighted areas visible on the Figure below. The highlighted areas
correspond to the train station itself, two car parks lots and a recharge station upon which we possibly could
implement some modifications. Each area was delimited taking into consideration the surrounding land
registers.
Our smart neighbourhood spreads on 51 419m².

The total price of our smart neighbourhood can be estimated around 43 000 000€ without the smart grid
and smart parking spot.
The total is around
We based our cost estimation on the cost of the smart neighbourhood of Issy-les-Moulineaux named
‘Le fort numérique’. It spreads on 12ha and the cost was around 100 000 000€.
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b. Our proposal
Map of the neighbourhood
Caption of the map:
2°) Interaction between the neighbourhood and the city

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Since the beginning of urbanization, mobility has been a key issue and an important motor for growth and
progress. Intelligent traffic planning, the promotion of public transport and the improved interconnectedness
of all road users in a city-wide communication infrastructure comprise the mobility characteristics of a smart
city. Fewer traffic jams in Sens and the development of a largely zero-emission public transport system
ultimately have a positive impact on the environment and the quality of life.
The main issue in Sens is the security. The number of accident due to cars is high. Most inhabitants do not
feel safe because of this. Lots of people take the train every day to go to work to Paris. But they are used to
taking their own cars. Therefore, next to the train station, there will be a place reserved for carpooling. On
the other hand, the means of transportation must be diversified. The public transportation needs to be
developed in this area especially.
To develop transports and decrease the urban density in Sens, there will be transport system using Intelligent
Transportation Network (ITN). This technology includes:
- a public transportation management system: to optimize and automate the flow of public transport
vehicles,
- a route information system and electronic timetable: to inform consumers of the conditions on their
route, and which public transport options are available,
- a safety and vehicle control system: to prevent accidents by alerting and assisting with dangerous
road conditions,
- a single fare card: to allow consumers to travel anywhere in the city, using all available public
transport options, with one rechargeable fare card.
It will decrease the roads density of the city. The consumers will have
access to all Sens’ route information in real-time. As it was said in the
previous section on Built areas functions, the shelters for bus and
bicycles will integrate informative screens. People who uses their
vehicle will receive alerts on their connected devices in case of
dangerous event in the commune. The single fare card will be useful
for using the different bus lines that are in development but also give
access to bicycles sharing system. All the issues are consequences of
the overwhelming amount use of cars in the city. Lack of security,
numerous car accidents, feeling of unsafety by the population. To tackle all these problems, new alternative
means of transports are necessary for the city and the citizens.
The new implementation of bus lines will decongest city centres while reducing air and noise pollution. In
an era where the roads are suffocated by all the population who are used to take their own cars, the buses
need to present different advantages. Electrical buses come
with a reduce carbon footprint solution and in almost all
charging configurations have a reduced cost of ownership
compared to the regular buses. The use of solar panels on buses
can also significantly reduce the consumption of electricity.
The e-buses have a unique charging system which provides a
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quick charge option in the bus terminal enabling to finish refuelling your devices within a matter of 4-5
minutes when running on the road.
And population instead of spending a significant part of the day in dealing with traffic or looking for a
parking space, public buses come as a relief, not having to drive through the stubborn roads.
The latest numbers confirm that buses and coaches are safer than cars, motorcycles, bicycles, trams and even
pedestrians. Not only that, but they are on the same safety level as trains (the two-necessary means of
transports of Sens citizens for working in Paris) although they have to share roads with other users and
transport modes! Moreover, on average, one bus can replace at least 30 cars, so if more drivers left their cars
at home to travel by bus, there would be less congestion and ultimately fewer accidents in the city!
Another solution for people who must use their cars is carpooling, a system through which users with similar
routes can use one car, it can be an effective method of alleviating traffic jams during rush hours. However,
the commune of Sens needs to encourage customers to share a vehicle with solutions such as online booking
schemes, ‘park and pool’ venues, reserved parking for car-poolers or one person can take the other one at a
smart bench that will be implemented in the city.
Nowadays, a smart city transport is necessary and brings a lot of benefits as quality of life, reduced
pollution, public transport safety and security, mobility marketplace, and smart parking solutions. Thanks to
all these improvements, the citizens will be more inclined to use public transport and the city will be more
attractive. The improvement of monitoring and surveillance of public transport can help identify and
respond to emergencies and finally reducing the accident rate in Sens. This is an encouragement for eco-
friendly habits as bike sharing and carpooling. Citizens will also save expenses. Thanks to ITN, a smart
transport system can be built with readily available data and easy optimizations, then a public-facing
technology which provides immediate value to consumers, and finally, different technology solutions that
provide advanced monitoring and control over traffic flows and vehicles, to enhance transport efficiency,
safety and security.
Smart city transport is one of the first step towards becoming a smart city.
III-Smart Building
The city of Sens is divided into 9 parts and each part must improve itself by making the inhabitants take
part in it.
In 2015, there were 14 387 inhabitants (12552 principal residential, 308 secondary residential and 1527
vacant residential). 81,9% of the places were built before 1990, so they are pretty old.
Also, the density of population in Sens is around 1183 people/km². We have made some observations on
the housing of Sens. In fact, lots of houses are very old, there are 1500 vacant housings. We have found that
there are lots of people living alone including retired people. On figure very important to take into account is
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the 5% of over-occupied housings. Because housings are small, there are less larges families, because they
can’t find a house or an apartment to live in good conditions.
We have decided to think a new neighbourhood with new buildings with small and bigger appartements
because we think that the diversity is very important, plus every building will be adapt in function of the
needs of the inhabitants.
Our building will include social housings [7] because everybody deserves to have a place to live. Plus,
one building will be dedicated to students. It will include studio. Having students’ rooms will attract
universities. (Annexe 1)
Building Floors (area of each What for?

floor)
A 4 (1958 m²) Housings for young parents with children
1 underground parking Housings for young working people
Housings for single persons or retired people
B 6 (2875.4 m²) 1st: health center (1200 m²)

4 (3518.6 m²) 1st: bakery and supermarket (5194 m²)
1 underground parking Housings for young parents with children
Housings for young working people
C 6 (4101 m²) 1st floor: coworking space
2nd and 3rd floor: offices
3 upper levels: students’ housings + temporary
housings for people in difficulties
D 4 (2132 m²) Housings for young parents with children
E 4 (2856 m²) Housings for young parents with children

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Apartments’ dimensions coming from https://eldorado-immobilier.com/definition-t1t2t3t4-studio-quelle-surface-et-combien-de-

pieces/
In the common area, we find the hall and hallways of a width of 120cm. Of course, stairs spaces have
been considered. All the calculations for the common areas have been done thanks to the AutoCAD plan that
we have made. By taking the length of buildings and multiply by 1,20m, we have the surface of common
area per level, then we multiply by the number of storeys.
In summary, with 1287 housings which could welcome 3042 persons. All our apartments are built.
In our smart buildings we have a total of 1287 housings (Studio, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) and we can host
3042 people.
Coworking zone:
Coworking spaces give little businesses, autonomous temporary workers, and other specialists a
space to induce work done, arrange and take an interest in their neighbourhood commerce community. What
was moderately an obscure concept 10 a long time prior, coworking spaces have changed the way the
present-day specialist interatomic with the trade world. As of now, there are approximately 17,000
coworking spaces over the world, which implies understanding the benefits that come together with utilizing
them is fundamental to arranging your business’s victory. From assembly other commerce experts to
collaborating on autonomous ventures, coworking spaces can be a shared area where individuals with
changing commerce thoughts can get together and learn from one another.
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Here are six essential advantages of a coworking space:
More networking opportunity

One of the biggest benefits of a coworking space is the opportunity to connect with other individuals.
Sometimes, the only thing a small business is missing is the spark that proximity to other successful business
owners can bring.
Increased productivity
This is especially true for small business owners working out of a home office. By going to another
space, workers can solidify a “work mode” that can increase productivity. Many coworking spaces are
accessible 24/7, so you do not have to worry about when you need to get something done.
Boost in creativity
By working with other individuals and exposing yourself to new perspectives, coworking spaces can
provide bursts of creativity. Sometimes, switching spaces and heading to a new office can allow you to
refresh your mind and consider alternative solutions to business problems.
Collaboration opportunities
This benefit goes together with networking. Coworking spaces expose to chance and opportunity.
Working in proximity to others allows quick collaboration to occur.
Cost-efficiency
By renting an office, there are a host of extra costs. Coworking spaces come equipped with perks like
these all at one monthly rate. They also come with many built-in business services, like business mail, that
can save money in the long run. It is important to consider what features you need before choosing the right
space for any business. Cost-efficiency could be a crucial benefit to small businesses locked into leases that
are too expensive.
Greater flexibility
Many coworking spaces offer very flexible agreements. If, for some reason, companies need to
cancel the membership, there are usually flexible options to do so. This makes it an ideal business service to
try out and see how users like it.
This coworking zone has a surface of 4 101 m² with a place to work, a place to chill and to eat.
Medical hub:
According to INSEE, if recent demographic French trends continue, by 2060, one in three people
will be over the age of 60. In 2060, 23.6 million people would be aged 60 or over, an increase of 80% in 53
years. The increase would be greatest for older people: the number of people aged 75 or older would
increase from 5.2 million in 2007 to 11.9 million in 2060; that of 85 and over 1.3 to 5.4 million. This will
definitively have an impact on the health system because the elderly patient will require a coordinated offer
of care between the different stakeholders in the social, medico-social, health and the patient with a chronic
disease will require much more thorough follow-up. (Annexe 2)
As of 2018, the number of installations of medical offices would increase faster than the number of
closures. On average, this scenario shows a decrease in medical demography of 1.2%, but if we consider a
10% increase in the population, we see a decrease of 10.6% by 2030. Alongside this statistical decline, the
aging of practitioners is also alarming: 30% of generalists are now over the age of 55. In the rural
departments, generalists over the age of 55 can represent up to 48% for the Gers, 51% of the population for
the Eastern Pyrenees, or 45% for the Meuse. [8],[9],[10].
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Using the new growth of the city of Sens and by proposing good rent for medical premises our
medical hub can welcome:
-Medical laboratory (around 200 m²)
-Nursery office (around 70 m²)
-Gynaecology office (around 120 m²)
-Ophthalmology office (around 150 m²)
-A ENT (around 130 m²)
-Orthopaedic office (around 110 m²)
-A physical therapist (around 180m²)
-General medicine without appointment (around 80 m²)
-Dental and orthodontic office (150m²)
These facilities are adapted to the one already available in the hospital of Sens to complete the health system
of the city.
HVAC Multi Split Systems
A Multi-split system works with only one very powerful outdoor compressor unit instead of multiple
outdoor AC compressor units. It can serve cooling or heat up to three to five indoor AC units with better
cooling performance. A multi-split air conditioner’s key aspect is serving each indoor AC unit’s required
temperature individually, although there is a single outdoor compressor unit.
Multi-split air conditioners save a lot of space and energy than split air conditioners (up to 30-35%). They
can efficiently cool your living room, kids’ room, and your bedroom.
At any time, you can install an additional indoor unit based on your requirement. But still, with an
indoor unit addition, you might need to upgrade the AC outdoor unit to provide to meet the requirements of
your home or office. You can also quickly cool a room based on your requirement by turning on inverter
powerful operation which temporarily pumps all cooling into the room for a certain period time and returns
idle state.
Compared with central AC, mini split AC, multi-split air conditioners are easy to operate, highly
energy-efficient, and provide required cooling as per the requirement of the room. Unlike central AC, you
don’t need to rush to the thermostat in your living room every time to set the temperature needed causing the
compressor to overwork and consuming a lot of energy. If you three rooms fitted with central air
conditioning, the first room person might feel heavy cooling. The second room bit less cooling and third
room significantly less cooling than first and double rooms. To avoid this kind of problem, a multi-split air
conditioner can individually serve the required cooling or heating as per the indoor unit’s required
temperature. So, if no one is in any of the rooms, you can turn off that indoor unit which can save a lot of
energy compared to a central AC.
In addition, all the heat generated by the data centre situated in the basement will be used in the
HVAC system to heat the building in winter.
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation is a method of supplying fresh air to a building or room by means of passive
forces, typically by wind speed or differences in pressure internally and externally. Natural ventilation is
usually chosen to reduce carbon emissions.
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There are two types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: wind driven ventilation and
buoyancy-driven ventilation. Wind driven ventilation arises from the different pressures created by wind
around a building or structure, and openings being formed on the perimeter which then permit flow through
the building.
Here are several benefits of natural and mixed mode ventilation:

-Reduced costs. As natural ventilation systems rely on natural forces, you'll save significantly on your
building's energy consumption and therefore save significantly on your energy bills.
-Low maintenance
-Improved air quality
-Consistency
-Reduced carbon emissions
WIFI access
In order to allow everyone to work efficiently, we plan to set up an exhaustive network of WIFI
connectors and cable internet access.
For housings: we opt for wireless connection, so that people can use it on their phones and the access
is more flexible and adapted to an everyday life.
For offices and co working spaces: we opt for cable access on desks, one cable per seat.
Price:
One extension: 100€
One box = 1000€
Price of cable system: 10€/m.
Quantities:
5 boxes (one per building).
One WIFI connector every 3 rooms is enough, on each floor: 1287/3 = 429
Total price (wireless): 47 900€
Total price (cables) depends on the building: 4x500 6x2000 6x150 4x500 4x2000 = 33 000€
Light and temperature sensors
Lighting represents up to 45% of total energy consumption. In order to save money and energy, we
can use sensors to adapt this consumption. The idea is to use the concept of internet of things (IoT) to
improve the comfort of users. The type of IoT is a things/machine to things/machine (M2M).
We could imagine different types of sensors :
- Adapt the temperature :

o Between day and night
o Adapt ventilation, HVAC parameters
- Adapt the lighting :
o When someone is in the room (motion sensors)
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o Depending on natural light, to complete it : it will vary by the time of day, and reduce the
number of hours per year that the lights are on.
Of course, the lighting will be adapted to the type of building and the spaces within the room
beforehand.
In addition, each user can input their preferences, so that the adaption suits to everyone. The system will still
allow occupants to use controls to lower levels and save energy.
These sensors will follow this cycle:

1. Collect: Sensors will collect the temperature and light data
2. Communicate: Sensors will send the data to computers, which will evaluate these values.
3. Analyse: Computers will compare the values to the expected (and desired) one, inputted by each
user.
4. Act: Computers will adapt the temperature and the lighting.
Quantity: One sensor per room

Price: One sensor = 30€
CCTV
Today, unfortunately, we still have to face acts of violence, vandalism of public infrastructure and
insecurity. Lots of people are complaining about it.
In order to face those kinds of problem and to reduce the percentage of violence, vandalism and
insecurity, we want to implement CCTV cameras in our smart neighbourhood and in some parts of our
buildings. CCTV increase the probabilities of detection and arrest and deter some potential criminals from
offending. Furthermore, multi camera systems can help to get information such as people counting, crowd
management, object tracking, perimeter detection, object detection and identification, alarm and security.
In fact, CCTV can detect unsafe situations and prevent vandalism and theft in different part of
buildings such as the offices, the coworking space, in underground parking and at the entrance of each
building. It will help to secure zones. Also, it will be able to detect object and situation, which can have a
possible risk on users, costumers, and inhabitants. For example: detection of left objects and emergency exit
that are blocked. Plus, data can be used and analyzed to improve spaced that are used, spaces to be
cleaned…
Underground Car Park
In the basement, there will also be the data center of the building: as it is a smart building, there is a
need to save the data and to process it. The negative point of a data center is that it releases lot of heat. The
fact is in a basement, the temperature is always cooler than in the building. So, the air of the basement will
cool the data centre. At the same time, all the machinery for HVAC system will also be in the basement. In
fact, it produces noise et it needs space. The basement is hence the best place.
Four of our buildings will be equipped with underground parking for residents and for people who
will come to the coworking space or to the offices to work, it will be also accessible for people who will go
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shopping in our neighbourhood. We have a total of 437 parking spots. Everything has been designed
by respecting the AFNOR NF-P 91-100. Standard parking spots must measure at minimum 2,3m x 5m, and
for disabled people it is 3,3m x 5m. In addition, parking rows are separated by 6m. We have selected, those
figures to calculate the number of underground places that we can have for our smart neighbourhood.
https://www.evo-park.com/guide-comparatif-types-parking/
You find below a part of the Excel sheet.
To calculate the number of places, we calculate the number for 2,3m run (for standard) and 3,3m run (for
disabled) and we can easily find the number of parking spots. The template is 5m-6m-5m-5m-6m-5m (see
the image above). It was adapted depending on the building (on the AutoCAD plans).
I was important to put lots of parking spots for disabled people because it should be accessible to everyone.
To make our underground parking smart, we will install a guidance system to the parking spot [11], which
are based on parking spots counting (thanks to light captors and a display on a screen on the driveway area.
https://www.steinel-france.fr/fr/Lights-Sensors/Applications/Applications/Parking-et-transports/
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How does it work? :
The detector must be at the centre of the parking spot. It will detect any parked car thanks to the captor.
http://www.jcbsignalisation.com/parkings/guidage-a-la-place/
The captors and LED system:
http://www.jcbsignalisation.com/parkings/guidage-a-la-place/
 All our underground parking will be equipped with those devices.
There are different types of LED signal. When the parking spot is free, the LED is green, when it is
red there is a car parked and when it is orange, the parking spot is reserved by a customer. Of course, we can
decide to dedicate spots to disable people (the LED will be blue) and to electrical vehicle (the LED will be
white). We do not have the exact price, but we can estimate it as 8000€/parking spot including: the
conception, the realisation (including lights, elevators, emergency stairs). Putting, our smart device can
increase the price per place by 1000€.
It means that for our underground parking it will cost 9000€ x 437 = 3 933 000€ [12]
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Filtering Plant – Reprocessing Water Treatment
Objective? To treat an important part of the water for consumption in the smart-neigbourghood by reducing
organic content and remove pathogens from wastewater using photosynthesis.
How it works? We will use a special technology call phytodepuration in order to treat rainwater and
wastewater. The aim is to naturally treat wastewater with plants that work as filter for the wastes.
This kind of technology are based on NASA Clean Air Study experimentation to demonstrate the
effectiveness of particular plants to purify air and water.
We store the water in different ponds with different plants as natural filters.
P a g e 20 | 34
Consumption of the buildings?

Natural Reprocessing Water Plant for the 51 000m² area of the Project.
For Residential Buildings Each family (2.5 persons) 6000m3/year

have an daily average
consumption of 329L/day
For 50 families
For the Shared Places (Co- 20L/person/day 36.5m3/year
working) For 50 persons/day
For Gardens: 15L/m²/year 213 m3/an
For 14 202m²
At least we could use this water for the watering system of the 14 202m² of garden in the neighborhood.
What kind of plants? It depends on the kind of waste that we want to eliminate (Heavy Metal with Wetland
Plants such as Cattail, Soft Rush) for other ponds with cleaner waters we can only use Water Mint or Water
Lillies.
Grass Plants are very usefull for filtering water such as Yellow Iris.
We can also put specific Algae with specific vegetal bacteria.

For the Air Filtering Plants, the most efficient ones are English Ivy, Boston Fern, Bamboo Palm
(according to NASA Clean Air Study)
Maintenance and Quality Tests? This will need to be maintaining regularly. To do so we could hire a
team of Gardeners. It could also create employs. Moreover, we could encourage kids to have workshops
about this kind of process and how to maintain this place.
To control the quality of Water we will mandate a laboratory to performs weekly a range of tests in order
to ensure the safety of the process. This technic is based on the biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) which
is the value in the pond effluent and reflecting the removal of organic matter.
Also we would add some smart sensors, such as thermometers, captors, probes in order to control
continually the quality of the water.
P a g e 21 | 34
Link for the Yonne water pollution? We could use this project as a test for depollution of Water in order
to experiment it at a larger scale with the industrial part of the Yonne. This process in known as the Waste
Stabilization Pond and it is not as efficient as our little Natural Filtering Plant.
IV- Smart grid

Introduction
We decided to put solar panels. According to the following picture (source: Ademe), the production
is around 1300 kWh/m²/year in Sens. We also decided to put windmills. According to Ademe, the
wind source is around 6 m/s in Sens. It is quite low. Nevertheless, we can even produce a satisfying
amount of electric energy.
Figure 1: Map of the solar potential in France
Figure 2: Map of the wind potential in France
Plus, as their will be families in the neighbourhood (and so children), we thought it would be a great
idea to put small windtubrines in the parks. It will hence sensibilize them to sustainable
development.
P a g e 22 | 34
Figure 3: Windmill that will be put in the parks

For money issues, we thought it was not efficient to insert geothermal in the smart grid.
Finally, we thought to put autonomous candelabra in the neighbourhood : they will be provided with
smalll solar panels on them. The construcor garnatees that they are toatelly autonomous, so, it won’t
be usefull to insert them in the smart grid. Also, in order to ensure security for pedestrians, we add
smart pedestrians’ crossings.
https://www.solaris.lighting/produits/sun-key-xl
P a g e 23 | 34
https://www.stepvial.com/en/smart-pedestrian-crossing-in-portugal
Finally, we decided to put batteries to store the electric energy in the neighbourhood. It is because it
is the most efficient way of storing energy in the longterm when we don’t have much space (we
could have thought of flywheels but it stores energy for a short-term period). However, space has
been saved on the roof of the filtering plant in case a new technology of storage emerge in the soon
future. We can for instance think of the hydrogen batteries.
Size of each part to the smart grid
Figure 4: diagram of the smart grid according to the Smart Grid course
The goal is to design each part of the smart grid. According to the picture above, we, first, find the
production of solar panels for each building. After, we find the consumption. Then, we search how
many converters and batteries to put. Finally, we find the production for windmills. As converters are
included in the windmill, there is no need to calculate their number.
Also, as required bu the local urban plan, the solar panels will cover 70% of the roof.
P a g e 24 | 34
The windmills will be set according to the following plan (4 windmills). The have been placed in
order to be far enough from the building and so to have enough wind.
Figure 4: placement of windmills on the map (red rounds)
Size of each part of the smart grid:
Study: Sens
First part :
Energy sources (PV, Wind Energy, Batteries)
If the address is Sens:
- The wind energy equals to 6 m/s
- PV: we can use it (1300 kWh/m²/year)
- Geothermal: we can use it but we won’t for money issues.
We make the smart grid building by building (except for the windmills). It means that every building will
have its own solar panels and batteries.
As we have to cover 10% of the smart grid, we first estimate what we can product with the windmills, then
we search for the consumption of each building and we search what surface of solar panels we need.
Windmills:
Production: 43.2 kW*24*0.8=0.83 MWh. (according to EDF, a windmill works nearly 80% of the day)
For the converters:
We use 100 kW converters.
We produce each day 0.83 MWh with solar panels.
0.83× 106
Hence, we use =8.3 so 9 converters .
100× 103
Building A:
Size of each part of the smart grid :
P a g e 25 | 34
According to the following website, the consumption for residential building (all current building) is
between 160 and 200 kWh/m²/year.
Source: https://selectra.info/energie/guides/conso/consommation-moyenne-electricite
Hence, as to simplify our calculations, we decided to keep the same consumption as for work office.
According to the Arene, the consumption of work office in Île-de-France are 193 kWh/m²/year on average.
Source: https://www.arec-
idf.fr/fileadmin/DataStorageKit/AREC/Etudes/pdf/les_consommations_d_energie_dans_les_bureaux_en_ile
_de_france_2009.pdf
Consumption: 193 kWh/m²/an.

We have to add the consumption of the parking:
According to the following site, the power for a car park is 5W/m².
Source:
https://www.opuslight.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/synth%C3%A8se%C3%A9tudeparkings.pdf
the consumption is 5 ×24 × 1958=0.23 MWh

Total consumption:
193
So consummation of the building per day: ×1958 × 4+ 0.23=4.37 MWh .
365.25
Production:
0.83 MWh
The value of electrical energy produced per day = 0.1 × 4.37− =0.27 (as there is 5 buildings,
5 24 h
we subtract the production of windmill divided by 5 for each building).
365.25
Area necessary on the roof= ×0.27=380 m² which represents
0.2× Potential solar /m ²/ year
380
=19 % of the roof (so less than 70%, as specified in the local urban plan).
1958
For the batteries:

We need 20% of non stop supply. So we need to store 4.37 × 0.2=0.87 MWh .
We consider a battery can stock 2000 Wh:
0.87 ×106
So we need: =435 batteries.
2000
A battery has a size equal to 0.1m². so the total surface needed for batteries is 43.5 m². However, to reduce
the space needed, we will pile them.
The batteries are put in series.
For the converters:

0.27 ×106
100 ×103
P a g e 26 | 34
Also, we need converters for batteries:
We store 0.87 MWh.
0.87 ×106
100 ×103
The total converters needed are 12 converters.
Building B:

The consumption of markets in Île-de-France are 290 kWh/m²/year on average.
Source:
https://www.cmim.fr/consommation-electricite-grande-surface/#:~:text=En%20moyenne%2C%20un
%20supermarch%C3%A9%20consomme,un%20supermarch%C3%A9%20de%201350%20m%C2%B2%20
Consumption: 193 kWh/m²/year for work offices and 290 kWh/m²/year for markets.
So consummation of the building per day:

193 193 193
×6394 × 5+ ×1200 ×1+ ×5194 ×1+0.83=20.27 MWh .
365.25 365.25 365.25
Production:
0.83 MWh
The value of electrical energy produced per day = 0.1 ×20.27− =1.86
5 24 h
365.25
Area necessary on the roof= ×1 .86=2613 m ² which represents
2613
6394
For the batteries:

We need 20% of non stop supply. So we need to store 20.27 ×0.2=4.05 MWh.
4.05 ×106
So we need: =2025 batteries .
2000
For the converters:

P a g e 27 | 34
6
1.86× 10
100× 103

We store 4.05 MWh.
4.05 ×106
100 ×103
Building C:

Consumption: 193 kWh/m²/year for offices.
193
So consumption of the building per day: × 4101× 6=13.00 MWh.
365.25
Production:
0.83 MWh
The value of electrical energy produced per day = 0.1 ×13− =1.13
5 24 h
365.25
Area necessary on the roof= ×1.13=1588 m ² which represents
1 588
4 101
For the batteries:

We need 20% of non stop supply. So we need to store 13 ×0.2=2.6 MWh.
2.6 ×106
So we need: =1 300 batteries.
2000
A battery has a size equal to 0.1m². so the total surface needed for batteries is 130 m². However, to reduce
For the converters:

1.13× 106
100× 103

We store 2.6 MWh.
2.6 × 106
Hence, we use =26 so 26 converters .
100× 103
P a g e 28 | 34
Building D:

Consumption: 193 kWh/m²/year.
193
So consumption of the building per day: ×2132 × 4+0.25=4.51 MWh.
365.25
Production:
0.83 MWh
The value of electrical energy produced per day = 0.1 × 4.51− =0.29
5 24 h
365.25
408
2132
For the batteries:

We need 20% of non stop supply. So we need to store 4.51 × 0.2=0.90 MWh.
0.90 ×106
So we need: =450batteries .
2000
A battery has a size equal to 0.1m². so the total surface needed for batteries is 45 m². However, to reduce the
space needed, we will pile them.
For the converters:

0.29× 106
100× 103

We store 0.9 MWh.
0.9× 106
Hence, we use =9 so 9 converters .
100× 103
Building E:
P a g e 29 | 34
Consumption: 193 kWh/m²/year.

193
So consumption of the building per day: ×2856 × 4+ 0.34=6.04 MWh.
365.25
Production:
0.83 MWh
The value of electrical energy produced per day = 0.1 ×6.04− =0.44
5 24 h
365.25
619
2856
For the batteries:

We need 20% of non stop supply. So we need to store 6.04 × 0.2=1.21 MWh.
1.21×10 6
So we need: =605 batteries .
2000
For the converters:

0.44 ×106
100 ×103

We store 1.21 MWh.
1.21×10 6
100× 103
Building water:

Neglected consumption.
Hence, we won’t put any solar panel.
P a g e 30 | 34
Total m² of solar panels: 5 608 m²
Total of batteries: 4 815
Total of converters: 140
The cost of installation and an economic study of the system:

Cost of solar panels:
The price is around 100€/m². For 5 608 m², it is 560 800 €.
Cost of Windmills:
The price is 49 680€ per unit. It is 49 680 × 4=198 720 € .
Cost of batteries:
The price is 100€/kWh, so 200€ per battery. For 4 815 batteries, the total price is 963 000 €.
Cost of converters:
The price is around 10 000€ per converter. For 140 converters, the total price is 1 400 000 €.
Cost of Controller and sensors:
The price is around 30% of the price of PV and batteries. The total price is
0.3 × ( 560 800+ 963000 )=457 140 € .
Total cost :
The total cost is 3 122 520 €.
Economic study of the system:

The energy produced by renewable energy is 4.82 MWh per day (3.99 MWh by solar panels and 0.83 MWh
by windmills).
We suppose all the energy produced is consumed.
We suppose the price of the kWh is 0.1765 €.
Hence, each year the value of electricity produced is 0.1765 × 4.82× 103 × 365.25=310 729.1 € of electricity.
3 122520
The number of year before making the system profitable is =10 years .
310729.1
The lifetime of batteries is around 15 years and the lifetime of solar panels is around 20 years.
However, the lifetime of converters is around 10 years. Nevertheless, it is financially interesting to
make a smart grid in this neighbourhood.
NB : This economic study didn’t take into account the price of installation of the system and the
connection to the EDF grid and the cost of maintenance of batteries and solar panels.
(Nevertheless, according to Engie website, the cost of maintenance of solar panels are very small.
Website: https://mypower.engie.fr/energie-solaire/conseils/cout-panneau-solaire.html )
Annexes
Annexe 1
P a g e 31 | 34
P a g e 32 | 34
Annexe 2
P a g e 33 | 34
Bibliography, internet links
[1] https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sens_(Yonne
[2] http://www.linternaute.com/ville/sens/ville-89387
[3] http://www.linternaute.com/ville/sens/ville-89387/temoignages
[4] https://www.ville-ideale.fr/sens_89387
[5] https://www.lyonne.fr/sens-89100/actualites/le-nouveau-depart-du-quartier-de-la-gare-de-sens_1107763/
[6] https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/le-quartier-de-la-gare-de-sens-une-vie-au-rythme-des-navetteurs-
1556611750
[7]https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/economie-social/a-sens-des-locataires-du-bailleur-social-habellis-
expriment-leur-mecontentement-1613120523
[8]https://www.bourgogne-franche-comte.ars.sante.fr/sites/default/files/2017-
02/SoinsProximiteYonne_16_09_16Vf.pdf
[9] https://www.notretemps.com/sante/actualites-sante/asens-initiative-contre-manque-medecins,i101694
[10]https://www.egora.fr/actus-pro/demographie-medicale/43125-a-sens-sos-medecins-ne-palliera-plus-le-
manque-de-medecins
[11] https://www.steinel-france.fr/fr/Lights-Sensors/Applications/Applications/Parking-et-transports/
[12]https://www.evo-park.com/guide-comparatif-types-parking/#:~:text=Le%20co%C3%BBt%20moyen
%20de%20la,%2F%20place%20(rampes%20incluses).
P a g e 34 | 34

Group #3 Smart City Project Estp Paris

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GROUP #3 SMART CITY PROJECT ESTP PARIS

SMART CITY PROJECT

Manon EDOUARD Kadidia KOAMA

Timotéo FRELAU Romane POUCHIN

Alice GABILLAULT Merwan ZAAF

I. Geographical Inputs from GeoPortail

II. Smart Neighborhood

1.Proposal for a mass layout

Our smart neighbourhood spreads on 51 419m².

The total is around

2°) Interaction between the neighbourhood and the city

Building Floors (area of each What for?

B 6 (2875.4 m²) 1st: health center (1200 m²)

E 4 (2856 m²) Housings for young parents with children

Apartments’ dimensions coming from https://eldorado-immobilier.com/definition-t1t2t3t4-studio-quelle-surface-et-combien-de-

More networking opportunity

HVAC Multi Split Systems

Here are several benefits of natural and mixed mode ventilation:

Price of cable system: 10€/m.

Light and temperature sensors

- Adapt the temperature :

These sensors will follow this cycle:

Quantity: One sensor per room

Underground Car Park

You find below a part of the Excel sheet.

The captors and LED system:

 All our underground parking will be equipped with those devices.

Consumption of the buildings?

For Residential Buildings Each family (2.5 persons) 6000m3/year

We can also put specific Algae with specific vegetal bacteria.

IV- Smart grid

Figure 1: Map of the solar potential in France

Figure 2: Map of the wind potential in France

Figure 3: Windmill that will be put in the parks

Size of each part to the smart grid

Figure 4: placement of windmills on the map (red rounds)

Size of each part of the smart grid:

Consumption: 193 kWh/m²/an.

the consumption is 5 ×24 × 1958=0.23 MWh

For the batteries:

For the converters:

The total converters needed are 12 converters.

Size of each part of the smart grid :

So consummation of the building per day:

For the batteries:

For the converters:

Also, we need converters for batteries:

The total converters needed are 60 converters.

Size of each part of the smart grid :

For the batteries:

For the converters:

Also, we need converters for batteries:

Size of each part of the smart grid :

For the batteries:

For the converters:

Also, we need converters for batteries:

The total converters needed are 12 converters.

Consumption: 193 kWh/m²/year.

For the batteries:

For the converters:

Also, we need converters for batteries:

The total converters needed are 18 converters.