10

English
Quarter 4 - Module 5A:
Composing a Research Report
on a Relevant Social Issue
English – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5A: Composing a Research Report on a Relevant Social Issue
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education– Region III

Regional Director: May B. Eclar PhD, CESO III
Assistant Regional Director: Rhoda T. Razon EdD, CESO IV

Development Team of the Module

Author: Ma. Angela G. Yagin

Editors: Ma Evelyn R. Reyes Ruby Grace R. Mallare

Oscar L. Tambalque Jr. Kenneth Christopher S. Dumlao

Reviewers: Marilou J. del Rosario, PhD

Ana Liza D. Teodoro
Rowell T. Aguilus Liezl D. De Jesus
Gina R. Borje Nehemia L. Ganiban
Rowena M. Dullas Ireneo A. Bucsit Jr.

Layout Artist: Ma. Angela G. Yagin

Management Team: Librada M. Rubio PhD

Ma. Editha R. Caparas EdD
Ramil G. Ilustre PhD
Veronica B. Paraguison PhD
Sheralyn E. Allas RGC, PhD
Marcos C. Vizon

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region III

Office Address: Diosdado Macapagal Government Center, Maimpis, City of San Jose
(P)
Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89; (045) 402-7003 to 05
E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph
 10

English
Quarter 4 - Module 5A:
Composing a Research Report
on a Relevant Social Issue
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Composing

a Research Report on a Relevant Social Issue!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the English 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Composing a

Research Report on a Relevant Social Issue.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

i
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed for you, dear learners, to provide engaging and
self-directed activities that will develop your knowledge and skills in research
writing (EN10SS-IVe-2.3). You will learn how to find, gather, understand and
analyze sources and information. Moreover, the critical thinking skills you will
acquire through research will allow you to gain valuable insights and make better
decisions that will contribute to the success of your future.

The module has one lesson:

 Lesson 1 – Developing a Research Topic, Writing the Introduction and
Formulating Research Questions

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify the characteristics of a good research topic;

2. develop a research title;
3. write a research introduction on a relevant social issue; and
4. formulate research questions related to the objectives of the research
introduction.

What I Know

This part serves as your pre-test which will determine your background
and prior knowledge about the lesson that we are going to tackle.

Directions: Read the questions below and write the letter of the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the first step in the research process?

A. Choosing the research topic.
B. Selecting the research method.
C. Brainstorming for research techniques.
D. Gathering the needed information and data.
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research title?
A. It should be broad. C. It should be interesting.
B. It should be focused. D. It should be comprehensive.

1
3. A good research topic is manageable. Which of the following best describes
this characteristic of a research topic?
A. The research topic holds the researcher’s interest.
B. The research topic is not too broad or too narrow.
C. The research topic has focused research questions.
D. The research topic enables you to review related literature.
4. Which of the following is an example of a focused research topic?
A. Food Safety
B. The Causes and Effects of Pollution
C. Factors Affecting Students’ Low Scores in Math
D. Effects of Environment to the Culture of People
5. Which statement below is TRUE when beginning to write a research?
A. It is simple and easy to find information on any topic.
B. No matter what is the topic, good research takes time and effort.
C. If you have a good topic, researching for it will not take a long time.
D. State directly the research objectives to make your purpose clear.
6. Why is it important to include background information in a research
introduction?
A. It expands your knowledge while reading the research report.
B. It identifies and describes the purpose and significance of your study.
C. It provides the reader with the essential context needed to understand
the research problem.
D. It ensures that a specific group of people will benefit from the study.
7. What do you call the written works which is composed of discussions of
facts and principles to which the present study is related?
A. Bibliography C. Related Literature
B. In-text Citation D. Research Questions
8. What should be included when writing an in-text citation?
A. Title and Year of Publication
B. Title and Author’s Last Name
C. Author’s Last Name and Publisher
D. Author’s Last Name and Year of Publication
9. Which of the following is NOT a quality of a good research question?
A. It is realistic. C. It is attainable.
B. It is general. D. It is brief and concise.
10. You wanted to know the relationship between poverty and academic
achievement among the Grade 10 students in your school. What could be
one of your research questions?
A. Does poverty greatly affect the Grade 10 students?
B. How are Grade 10 students being affected by poverty?
C. What are the results of poverty among Grade 10 students?
D. What is the relationship between poverty and academic achievement
among Grade 10 students?

2
 Lesson Developing a Research Topic,
Writing the Introduction and
1 Formulating Research Questions

Have you ever thought about how the world would have been without the
advancement in technology and other fields? Well, that’s because of research!
And consequently, life of people has become easier and more comfortable.

Since research plays a very important role in our daily lives, it is therefore
essential that you also have a background knowledge on how it is being done.

What’s In

Directions: Using your knowledge from the previous module, complete the
definition of the following terms. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Term Class Differentiating Characteristics

of planning and exercising

1. Time management ________ the act or conscious control over the
process amount of time spent on specific
activities to increase productivity.
_________ a researcher is
2. A research topic is a subject or interested in when
issue conducting research.

is a brief form that you include in the body

3. ___ in-text citation
of reference of your work.

4. Research questions _______ queries that a research project sets

out to answer.

is composed of to ________ the present study is

5. Related literature discussions of facts related.
and principles

3
 What’s New
Developing A Research Topic

Directions: Identify the characteristics of a good research topic by answering the

puzzle below. Refer to the clues in the box to solve the puzzle. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

Clues
Vertical
1. Keep your topic _____________ so that you can find the right amount of
information needed for your research report.
3. A good research topic is _______________. It should address directly or
indirectly some real problems in the world.
Horizontal
2. You need to make your topic __________ in order to do research effectively.
Without specific areas of focus, it will be hard to even know where to begin.
4. A _____________ topic is one that is not too broad to handle and not so
narrow that you can’t find enough information related to the study.
5. Choose a topic that is ______________. Select something that will hold your
interest and will make the research process more fun and engaging for you.

It is important that you take into consideration the above characteristics

because it will not only help you in selecting your topic but it will also guide you
in writing your research title.

4
Writing the Research Title

The research title summarizes the main idea of your study. A good title
contains the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents and/or
purpose of your research paper. Look at the sample research title below.

The title indicates the respondents

which are the Junior High School
“Factors that Affect Time Management of students and the scope which only
Junior High School Students” focuses on the factors that affect
time management.

After choosing your topic and writing your title, you are now ready to write
your introduction. Just like finding the right research topic and developing the
title, you need to be guided in writing your research introduction.

What Is It

Writing the Research Introduction

The introduction of a research report serves as the roadmap of your

paper. Well-written introductions set the tone, catch the reader's interest, and
communicate the objectives of your research. For you to write a good research
introduction, read and understand the parts and the sample paragraphs below.
The example introduction is from the research study entitled “Factors that Affect
Time Management of Junior High School Students”.

Step 1  Give a general introduction to the topic for

Provide broad audience.
background  Narrow the focus to your particular topic.
Information  State the problem and its importance.

Example:
Time is an invaluable resource and to effectively handle this is the
General
secret to achieving success in life. Thus, the world encourages people to Introduction
manage time effectively as early as their elementary education starts.
Time management has been a subject of research in different areas. Focused
One is in the field of learning where it occupies a central position in different Topic

courses and various handbooks on study skills. Although lots of students

know that time management is vital to perform certain goal-directed Problem
activities, many are still overwhelmed and stressed on how they will manage
to finish all their school tasks in a given time period.

5
  Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize,
paraphrase, or quote from another source to avoid
plagiarism.
American Psychological Association (APA) in-text citation
style uses the author's last name and the year of publication.
Step 2 For example: Mental health disorders are complex and can
Review take many forms. (Roser, 2018).
related Author’s Last Name Year of Publication

literature.  You can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that
includes the author's last name followed by the year of
It identifies
Review o
publication in parentheses.
the written For example: Asmelash (2019) stated that heavy social
works/ media use can be linked to depression and
studies other mental disorders in teens.
related to  If you do not include the author’s name in the text of the
your topic. sentence, place the author's last name and the year of
publication in parentheses after the quotation.
For example: Heavy social media use can be linked to
depression and other mental disorders in
teens (Asmelash, 2019).

Example:
Example 1 of in-text citation
A study conducted by Garcia (2004) showed that one of the most frequent
complaints made by students is that they do not have enough time to carry out
all the tasks assigned to them in different academic areas. The students also
pointed out that there were many classes, projects, reading assignments, exams
and other preparations that require constant dedication over a long period of
time. When students faced this kind of problems, they started to procrastinate
because they lacked organizational and time management skills. As a result,
students were not able to organize duties according to their priorities. It is
therefore essential for students to improve their time management skills since it
is one of the keys to higher academic achievements (Kelly, 2014).
Example 2 of in-text citation

Step 3
 Specify the objectives of the research or analysis of the
State the
objectives and
study described in the paper.
highlight the  Establish what you intend to accomplish.
significance of  Include how your study would benefit a specific group
the study. of people.
Example:
Since there is a necessity of effective time management required from
Objectives
students during their academic and professional life, this study will be
conducted with the aim of identifying the factors that affect students’ time
Significance
management and the time management practices they commonly use. The
results of this study would help students understand the effective time
management strategies and apply them to attain maximum learning
achievements.

6
 Formulating the Research Questions
After writing your introduction, you need to formulate your research
questions which will be the bases of your research questionnaire.

Writing a good research question means you have something you want to
study. The research questions are based on the objectives identified in the
introduction. We will examine the steps and then look at how you could write
your research questions.

 Specify your concern or issue.

 Decide what you want to know about the specific concern or issue.
 Turn what you want to know and the specific concern into a question.
 Ensure that the question is answerable.

Two Categories of Research Questions

There are two main categories of research questions: quantitative and

qualitative. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses when it comes to the
data they yield. The category you will choose depends on what kind of data you
are hoping to collect.
Common quantitative
Quantitative research will result in data
methods include:
that are easy to convert into objective, numbers-
based analysis. They are easier to measure using  experiments
statistical analysis because you can assign  observations recorded
numeric values and directly compare different as numbers
answers to the same questions.  surveys with closed-
ended questions

Example:
Have you ever applied time management when accomplishing your school
tasks?
*This question is answerable by yes or no.

Qualitative research involves collecting and Common qualitative

analyzing non-numerical data to understand methods include:
concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used  interview
to gather in-depth insights into a problem or  observations in
generate new ideas for research. Qualitative data detailed field notes
are more difficult to analyze than quantitative  surveys with open-
data. It consists of text, images or videos instead ended questions
of numbers.
Example:
What ideas and suggestions could you give towards effective time
management?

*This is an example of an open-ended question where students would have

different answers defending on their perspectives and/or experiences.

7
 What’s More
Since you are already familiar on how to develop a research topic,
write the introduction and formulate research questions, you are now ready to
accomplish the following activities. Good luck!

A. TIKTOK TREND!
Directions: Arrange the following paragraphs in correct order to make a good
research introduction. Write letters A-E in organizing the paragraphs. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

______1. Therefore, this study aims to understand the reasons as to why

TikTok application has gained its massive attention, determine the effects of
this application to teenagers and to get the parents’ perspectives about this
application being used by their children.

______2. TikTok, also known as Douyin in China, started in September 2016

and is maintained by Byte Dance (Hallanan, 2018). This media application is
accessible in over 150 marketplaces and in 75 languages. Because of its
popularity, it has already generated a modern trend among teenagers. It permits
them to make and share 15 to 60-second short video and lets them choose
songs, effects, or soundbites. An additional benefit is that collaboration, which
is a major motivation, allows them to do a ‟duet” with someone by responding
to their video. This results in a limitless chain of responses. In September 2020,
it exceeded Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Snapchat in monthly installs
in the App store. Due to 500 million worldwide effective users, TikTok became
such a hit (Mushtaq, 2020).

______3. This study hopes to benefit not just the TikTok users but also their
parents and guardians on how they would help their children be vigilant
when using this application.

______4. Because of its popularity, it is already playing a crucial role in youth’s

life. Although it has major advantages like it allows users to discover new
things and opportunities, different studies showed that it has been exploited
and that it already impacts teenagers negatively. Addiction, bullying and safety
concerns are just some of its negative effects (Jaffar, 2020).

______5. TikTok is one of the most popular applications on social media. This
application is the world’s prominent destination for creating short-form
mobile videos in Asia, United States and other parts of the world. It emerged
from the founders of the application called Musical.ly.

Source: Jaffar, B., Mushtaq, A., & Riaz, S. (2020). Living in a Moment:
Impact of TikTok on Influencing Younger Generation into Micro-Fame
8
B. GUESS WHAT!
Directions: Go back to the first activity, TikTok Trend. Based on the research
introduction you have organized, write a research title by rearranging the
words in the box below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Using Effects The Among

Teenagers Tiktok of

Research Title: ___________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Directions: Let’s sum up what you have learned. Choose the correct term from
the enclosed choices that should go into the blank spaces. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

The first step in the research process is choosing your (1) _______________
(objectives/topic). In doing so, there are lots of things that you need to consider.
First, since writing a research paper is going to be time consuming, it is important
to select a topic that is ______________ (interesting/focused). This will hold your
attention and will make the research process engaging for you and your audience.
Second, it should also be (3) ________________ (broad/focused) to clearly define
the research problem. Finally, your topic should be (4) _______________
(comprehensive/manageable) enough so that there will be enough data and
information available to finish the research report.

Writing the introduction is the next step after selecting your topic and
writing your research title. To define your topic, include the (5)__________________
(in-text citation/background information) by giving general introduction before
narrowing down the topic. (6) __________________ (In-text citation/Background
information) is also essential when quoting or summarizing a research related to
your study. In citing sources, the (7) _______________ (author’s last name/year of
publication) must come first before the (8)____________________ (author’s last
name/year of publication).

Lastly, include the (9) _______________ (objectives/research problem) in the

last part of your introduction to establish what you need to accomplish. Your
objectives will also be the bases of your (10) _______________ (research
topic/research questions).

9
 What I Can Do
Directions: One of the most popular social issues that you have observed is the
use of social media among teenagers. As an inquisitive student, you wanted to
know its positive and negative effects in the teenagers’ lives. Therefore, you
decided to conduct a research study about this issue. For your task, you need to
complete the outline below.

A. Develop your research title.

Research Title: _________________________________________________

B. Write a research introduction by following the parts indicated in the

inverted triangle below.

C. Formulate two quantitative research questions related to your study.

Research Questions:
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________

*Refer to the scoring rubric below in accomplishing your tasks.

SCORING RUBRIC
Criteria 10 8 6 4
The research The research title The research
The research title is is not focused but title is not
title is focused somewhat still related to the focused and is
Research
and related to focused but still social issue not related to
Title
the social issue related to the presented. the social issue
presented. social issue presented.
presented.

10
 Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction is
contains contains some states the incomplete and
detailed background problem but does disorganized;
background information not explain the literature
information about the topic; background of review includes
about the topic; complete the topic; an
comprehensive literature review literature review inappropriate
Research literature review with very few is partially number of non-
Introduction which is highly non-referred complete and referred and
relevant to the sources; and includes few non- unrelated
topic; and evident referred sources; sources;
clearly stated objectives and objectives and unclear and
objectives and significance of significance were confusing
significance of the study. somewhat objectives and
the study. understandable significance of
but need clarity. the study.
Research Research Research Research
questions are questions are questions are not questions are
Research quantitative and quantitative but quantitative and not
Questions relevant. less relevant. of little relevance. quantitative
and lack
relevance.
Sentence Sentence Work contains Work contains
structure is structure is structural multiple
correct. correct. Some weaknesses and incorrect
Punctuation awkward grammatical sentence
and sentences do errors. There are structures.
Mechanics
capitalization appear. There three or four There are four
are correct. are one or two errors in or more errors
errors in punctuation in punctuation
punctuation and/or and/or
and/or capitalization. capitalization.
capitalization.

Assessment
Directions: Read the questions below and write the letter of the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when selecting a research
topic?
A. A topic that is interesting. C. A topic that is broad.
B. A topic that is manageable. D. A topic that is focused.
2. A good research topic is comprehensive. Which of the following best
describes this characteristic of a good research title?
A. It is not too broad to handle.
B. It is significant and interesting.
C. The objectives are clearly identified.
D. There are enough data and information related to the study.
3. Which serves as the roadmap of a research paper?
A. Research Title C. Research Data
B. Research Objectives D. Research Information

11
 4. What should be included in the beginning of a research introduction?
A. Background information of the topic C. Significance of the study
B. Related literature about your study D. Research objectives
5. What must NOT be done when writing the review of related literature?
A. Copy text from a source and paste it into your own document.
B. Include in-text citation in your paragraph.
C. Write the name of the author being cited.
D. Paraphrase the paragraph.
6. Which of the following is an example of an American Psychological
Association (APA) in-text citation?
A. According to Jones, students often had difficulty using APA style
(1998).
B. Jones states that students often had difficulty using APA style (1998).
C. "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998).
D. "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones).
7. Why is it important to state the objectives in the introduction?
A. It describes the significance of the study.
B. It defines the topic of the research report.
C. It summarizes the relevant related literature.
D. It establishes what the researcher wants to accomplish.
8. What will serve as the basis in creating a research questionnaire?
A. Research title C. Research introduction
B. Research questions D. Research data
9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research question?
A. It should be attainable. C. It should be realistic.
B. It should be general. D. It should be concise.
10. Which of the following is an example of a focused quantitative research
question?
A. What are the effects of globalization?
B. How can drunk driving be prevented?
C. What effects does social media have on people’s minds?
D. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Facebook among
elementary students?

Additional Activity
WHAT’S NEXT?
Directions: In one paragraph, explain how you intend to continue in
accomplishing your research report. Be guided by the questions below. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Who will be my respondents?
2. How will I present the results of my study?
3. How will the outcome of my study help my community?

12
 Key to Correction

Teenagers 5. which
*answers may vary
questions Titkok Among 4. are
Additional Activities
10. research The Effects of Using 3. an
9. objectives B. Guess What! 2. that
10. D
publication 1. is
9. B
8. year of 5. A What’s In
8. B
name 4. C
7. D
7. author’s last 3. D 10. D
6. C
6. in-text citation 2. B 9. B
5. A
information 1. E 8. D
4. A
5. background A. Tiktok Trend 7. C
3. D
4. comprehensive What’s More 6. C
2. D
3. focused 5. B
1. C
2. interesting Interesting 5. 4. C
Assessment
1. topic Managebale 4. 3. B
Learned Significant 3. 2. A
*answers may vary
What I Have Focused 2. 1. A
What I Can Do
Comprehensive 1. What I Know
What’s New

References/Electronic Sources

Bhandari, P. (2020). An introduction to qualitative research. Retrieved from

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitativeresearch/?fbclid=IwAR
0l2QfZd5F2RWhsSW9udvIurnMmHXGd1Ag8Bo0Df_JK_KAuZAmhCaRHAw
Jaffar, B., Mushtaq, A., & Riaz, S. (2020). Living in a Moment: Impact of TicTok
on Influencing Younger Generation into Micro-Fame. Journal of Content,
Community & Communication. Vol. 10
Joshi, Y. (2018). 4-Step approach to writing the introduction section of a research
paper. Cactus Communications. Retrieved from
https://www.editage.com/insights/4-step-approach-to-writing-the-
introduction-section-of-a-research-paper
Morgan, M. (2020, April 17). How to write a research introduction. Retrieved from
https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Research-Introduction
Nasrullah, S. & Khan, M. (2015). The impact of time management on the
students’ academic achievements. Journal of Literature, Languages and
Linguistics. Vol.11.
PennState University Libraries. (n.d.). APA Quick Suggestion Guide. Retrieved
from https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/apaquickguide

13
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Office Address: Diosdado Macapagal Government Center,

Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)
Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89; (045) 402-7003 to 05
E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph