Mark scheme

■■4 Energy resources and energy transfer

Question Answers and guidance Marks
1 a) 1 2 1
KE = mv where m = mass, v = velocity
2
b) 1 1
change in kinetic energy = (2 × 60 000 × 132) – (2 × 60 000 × 102) 1

= 5 070 000 – 3 000 000 1

= 2 070 000 J 1
Total 4

Question Answers and guidance Marks

2 a) i) (gravitational) potential energy = mgh 1

ii) GPE = 4 × 10 × 1.2 1

= 48 J 1
(lose 1 mark if the unit is missing)

b) i) energy = V × I × t 1

ii) V × I × t = 16 × 5 × 2.4 1
1
= 192 J

iii) useful energy

efficiency =
energy put in
48
= 1
192
= 0.25 or 25%
1
(note efficiency is expressed as a fraction or percentage)

c) Any two correct points for 1 mark each:

The current in the motor generates heat energy 1
There is friction in the motor and pulley which produces heat 1
Some energy is transferred to sound energy 1

Total 10

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 4 Energy resources and energy transfer

Question Answers and guidance Marks

3 a) A 1

b) useful energy
efficiency =
energy put in 1
3
= 1
60
1
= 0.05 or 5%

c) For the same energy input, the energy-saving lamp transfers 5 1

times as much light energy as the filament lamp

So they can buy energy-saving lamps which use 1/5 of the power 1
1/5 × 60 W = 12 W 1

Total 7

Question Answers and guidance Marks

4 B 1

Total 1

Question Answers and guidance Mark

5 a) 1
kinetic energy = mv 2
2
1
1 2
= × 0.0003 × 18 000 1
2
= 48 600 J 1

(lose 1 mark if the unit is missing)

b) The friction from the atmosphere makes the meteor very hot 1
Kinetic energy is transferred to heat and light energy 1
Sound is also produced – the meteor produces a shock wave 1

The meteor gets so hot it evaporates 1

Total 7

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27
 Mark scheme

Question Answers and guidance Marks

6 Any two features that reduce heat loss for 1 mark each, e.g. thick 1
padding with air pockets; elasticated opening
1
Links feature with statement of how heat loss is reduced (named
method):
Heat conduction is reduced through insulators
1
Convection is reduced because warm air in the bag cannot move
freely out of the bag 1

Total 4

Question Answers and guidance Marks

7 1 mark per line
Chemical energy stored in the firework 1

Changes to kinetic energy as rocket starts moving 1

Kinetic energy changes to gravitational potential energy as rocket

moves upwards 1

When the firework explodes, chemical energy transferred to

kinetic/light/heat/sound energy 1
Energy is conserved as it is transferred to the surroundings 1
which warm up 1

Total 6

Question Answers and guidance Marks

8 Black surface – good colour to absorb heat transferred by radiation 1
Installed on roofs facing the sun to receive most radiation from the 1
sun
Insulation – reduces conduction heat losses from back of tile 1
Metal pipes – good conductor; transfer heat well to the water in the 1
pipe
Lots of thin pipes – large surface area to increase rate of heat 1
transfer
Inlet pipe lower than outlet pipe – so convection helps flow of water
through the tile 1

Total 6

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 4 Energy resources and energy transfer

Question Answers and guidance Marks

9 a) One advantage and one disadvantage are needed for each
power station:
Biomass
Advantage –
renewable energy source/locally produced/reliable 1
Disadvantage –
emits greenhouse gases/transport causes congestion and 1
pollution
Combined heat and power
Advantage –
more efficient as heat produced is not wasted/reliable 1
Disadvantage –
uses natural gas, which is non-renewable and has limited 1
supply/gives out greenhouse gas emissions

b) Answer should compare and explain the choice of power station –

the mark is for explicitly linking the choice to the reasons 1
expressed below
Biomass – reduces quantity of waste to landfill. Using biomass
saves natural gas for other uses, etc. 2

OR
Combined heat and power – using a gas pipeline is less (2)
disruptive than lorry deliveries; both power stations produce
greenhouse gases but less fuel is used for heating by
homeowners if the combined power station is used. Greenhouse
emissions may fall overall

Total 7

Question Answers and guidance Marks

10 Using the LED lamp: less heat is produced by the lamp/less 1
electricity is needed to run the lamp
Since less electricity is used, less electricity needs to be generated 1
to light homes, which reduces greenhouse gas emissions/means
less fuel is used in power stations, etc.
Disposal/production – 50 times fewer lamps are manufactured and 1
thrown away
1
Less waste to landfill/less raw materials used/less transport of
bulbs from manufacturer to retailer to homes

Total 4

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 Mark scheme

Question Answers and guidance Marks

11 The air (gap) between the glass layers is a good insulator 1
The plastic (window frame) is a good insulator 1
Insulators reduce heat losses by conduction 1

Air is trapped in a narrow gap which reduces heat losses by 1

convection
(no marks for saying that glass is a good insulator)

Total 4

Question Answers and guidance Marks

12 work done = force × distance moved 1
1
= 2000 × 1.2 = 2400 J
The same amount of work is done using a ramp or lifting OR work 1
done depends on the start and end positions
Using the ramp means a smaller force is needed OR 1
Moving the piano 3.6 m instead of 1.2 m reduces the force needed
by a factor of 3

Total 4

Question Answers and guidance Marks

13 B 1

Total 1

Question Answers and guidance Marks

14 Choice identified with a reason linked to the Allstown site, 1
e.g. coastal so offshore wind farms are possible; area is built-up so
surplus heat can be transferred to homes efficiently; good transport 1
links for gas pipe line and biomass to be delivered

The reason is linked to requirements (all choices generate enough

electricity for stated requirements) 1

One other advantage is stated, e.g. wind power is renewable and

does not create pollution; biomass is renewable and reliable; 1
natural gas is reliable and more efficient

Disadvantages stated for the other sources, e.g. biomass and

natural gas produce greenhouse gases; wind farms are unreliable
1
and impact on wildlife (1 mark per energy source)

Total 5

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 4 Energy resources and energy transfer

Question Answers and guidance Marks

15 The battery stores chemical energy that changes to different 1
forms, e.g. kinetic, gravitational potential and heat
work done = energy transferred from battery = force × distance 1
moved
Sample calculation:
weight of person and scooter = (40 + 80) × 10 = 120 N
1
work done = 120 × 10 000 = 1200 kJ
1
On hills, work done is done moving the scooter up the hill/working
against gravity as well as along the road/working against friction 1

The range decreases since work is done against two forces:

friction (along the road) and gravity (up the hill) 1
1 1
Energy from battery = kinetic energy of scooter ( mv 2) + GPE of
2
scooter (mgh)
Since the energy stored in the battery is fixed, less energy is 1
transferred as KE up hills as some is transferred as GPE
The scooter travels slower as kinetic energy depends on velocity2 1

(marks for any five points but a maximum of 2 marks for

calculations)

Total 5

10

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