Mark scheme 2 Electricity

■■2 Electricity
Question Answers and guidance Marks
1 11.74 kiloohms or 11 740 ohms (Ω) 1, 1
(1 mark for the correct unit)

Total 2

Question Answers and guidance Marks

2 3.4 volts 1, 1

Total 2

Question Answers and guidance Marks

3 Any two from:

Do not use if frayed wires/damaged plug (1) due to risk of 1

electrocution (1) 1

Do not use near students with heart conditions (1) as a shock may 1
affect their heart rhythm (1) 1

Do not use near electrical equipment (1) as there is a risk of 1

interference or damage from high electric fields (1) 1

Discharge dome using the metal sphere (or any other appropriate 1
precaution) (1) to avoid a spark (1) 1

Total 4

Question Answers and guidance Marks

4
Parallel circuit with two branches 1

One branch has a lamp and a switch 1

The other branch also has a lamp 1

and a switch
1
The third switch is by the battery pack (not in a branch)

Total 4

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 Mark scheme

Question Answers and guidance Marks

5 a) Two variables for 1 mark each from:

The brightness of the lamp 1

The LDR used 1

Surrounding light levels 1

b) Measuring device stated, e.g. metre ruler/ruler 1

Where it is placed, e.g. one end centred at the lamp 1
How it is used, e.g. move the LDR a fixed distance along the ruler 1
between each reading

Total 5

Question Answers and guidance Marks

6 a) 2 V/div 1

b) 6V 1

c) Straight line 1
Level with the peak of the trace/three squares above the midpoint of 1
the trace

Total 5

Question Answers and guidance Marks

7 B 1

Total 1

Question Answers and guidance Marks

8 D 1

Total 1

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 2 Electricity

Question Answers and guidance Marks

9 a) A1 = 6 A – 3 A = 3 A 1
A2 = 3 A – 2 A = 1 A 1

A3 = 6 A 1

Remember the current going into a point must be the same as that
going out
The current leaving and entering the battery must be the same

b) i) Any rearrangement of resistance = voltage ÷ current 1

ii) R = 12 V ÷ 2 A 1
= 6 ohms
(lose 1 mark if the unit is missing) 1

c) The battery voltage is 12 V. It is the same as the voltmeter reading. 1

There is 12 V across each resistor, because they are in parallel 1

Total 8

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Question Answers and guidance Marks

10 a) i) 8A 1

ii) 11 joules per second 1

iii) When the heater works correctly the current is 8 A 1

A 13 A fuse will melt/blow when the current in it is 13 A or more, so
will blow if the heater malfunctions. The other two would blow at
operating current.

b) i) P= V× I 1

ii) 11 = 230 × I
11
So I =
230 1
= 0.05 A

iii) We should use a 3 A fuse for a lamp, so that if a fault occurs, the fuse 1
blows for a low extra current

c) i) 𝑉𝑉
R=
𝐼𝐼
= 230 ÷ 8 1
= 28.75 ohms (Ω) 1

ii) E= V× I × t (t = 3 × 3600 s = 10 800 s) 1

E = 230 × 8 × 10 800 1

= 19 872 000 J 1

or 20 MJ

d) i) I= V ÷ R

= 110 ÷ 28.75 1
1
= 3.8 A

ii) P= I× V

= 3.8 × 110 1

= 418 W
1
Lose 1 mark for the wrong or a missing unit.

Note that the power is a quarter of that used on the 230 V

Total 15

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 2 Electricity

Question Answers and guidance Marks

11 a) The current is zero from 0 V until 0.7 V 1
Above 0.7 V the current rises in a linear way 1

b) 0.81 V 1

c) V= I× R 1

= 0.01 × 220 1

= 2.2 V 1
d) The battery provides the voltage for the diode and the resistor, so 1

2.2 + 0.8 = 3 V 1
Total 8

Question Answers and guidance Marks

12 a) In this experiment, voltage is controlled. Current flows because it is 1
‘pushed’ by the voltage. When the voltage increases, the current
increases. So the current depends on the voltage
b)

Good choice of scale – each of the x- and y-axes must use at least 1
50% of the available length of paper
Axes labelled 1
Points plotted accurately 2

Line of best fit drawn, missing out anomalous point 1

c) The current value 2.1 A 1

The correct reading should have been 2.0 A 1

d) The answer is unreliable because the line is a curve and you have to 1
judge where it is going 1

e) The filament gets hotter as the current increases. 1

The resistance increases when the filament gets hotter 1

Total 12

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 Mark scheme

Question Answers and guidance Marks

13 a) i) A thermometer 1

ii) Use ice at low temperatures and boiling water from a kettle at high 1
temperatures

iii) Stir the water to make sure the temperature of the water is the same 1
in all places
iv) Find the relevant temperature on the x-axis. 1
Find the equivalent point along the line of best fit on the y-axis. 1

(To calculate the resistance in order to check the reading is correct:

Measure voltage and current

Divide voltage by current to calculate resistance.)

b) i) The resistance of A rises in a linear relation from 25 Ω at 0 °C to 1

35 Ω at 100 °C. Note that the relation is not proportional as the line
does not go through the origin 1

ii) The resistance of B falls in a smooth (predictable) curve from 65 Ω at 1

0 °C to 13 Ω at 100 °C 1

c) B is a thermistor (NTC – negative temperature coefficient). Its resistance 1

decreases as the temperature rises
1
d) The point on line A (20 °C, 29 Ω) is anomalous. Some other points lie off 1
their lines of best fit, but lie within normal variation for the experiment

e) i) 44 °C (1 °C either side accepted) 1

(Remember to draw construction lines on the graph to help you

measure the temperature accurately)

ii) Line extended, as in graph below 1

1
37 W (± 1 W)

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 2 Electricity

iii) The resistance increases as the temperature rises, so the current 1

decreases

Total 16

Question Answers and guidance Marks

14 a) States one danger (electrocution if person, equipment and water are
in contact) 1

Explains how the danger is caused (water conducts electricity) 1

States relevant theory (the device is at high voltage and a current 1
passes through the person to earth)

b) States one danger (electrocution if bare wires are touched) 1

Explains how the danger is caused (exposed wires are at high voltage) 1
States relevant theory (a current passes through the person to earth) 1

c) States one danger (increased risk of electrocution) 1

Explains how the danger is caused (e.g. the earth wire may pull loose) 1
States relevant theory (the earth wire no longer provides a route to 1
earth)

Total 9

Question Answers and guidance Marks

15 a) i) Metal conducts electricity; plastic does not conduct electricity 1
EITHER the user will not be electrocuted if they touch a wire 1
OR the wires will not short circuit and overheat

b A fuse melts if the current is above a certain value 1

This breaks the circuit 1

It prevents overheating (in the cable) 1

c) Live wire 1

Total 6

Question Answers and guidance Marks

16 a) Metal parts that could become live are inside a plastic case 1

The user cannot touch them/there is no need for an earth wire 1

b) Double insulation makes the lawnmower safe, but not the cable 1

If the lawnmower cable is cut, the plugged in end stays live 1

A circuit breaker turns off the supply at the plug 1

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 Mark scheme

c) current = power ÷ voltage 1

d) current = 1100 ÷ 230 = 4.8 A 1

5 A fuse (or 13 A fuse with explanation, e.g. surges in current when 1

the lawnmower starts could blow the 5 A fuse)
Total 8

Question Answers and guidance Marks

17 If one bulb breaks in the top branch, both the headlight and rear light 1
will go out

They are wired in series and controlled by one switch/should be wired 1

in parallel

The indicator bulbs cannot be controlled separately/both stop working 1

if one bulb breaks

They are wired in series and controlled by two switches/should be 1

wired in parallel

Total 4

Question Answers and guidance Marks

18 Links advantages to the context, e.g. brighter lamps light the shed 1
better; the user does not want to be left in the dark if one lamp 1
blows

States two advantages, e.g. if one lamp blows, the other keeps 1
working; the lamps are brighter 1

Total 4

Question Answers and guidance Marks

19 As the voltage increases the current increases rapidly (for low voltages) 1
At higher voltages, the current increases more slowly 1

At low voltage/current the wire’s resistance is fairly constant 1

At higher voltage/current, the wire heats up 1

The resistance of a wire increases with temperature 1

Total 5

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Question Answers and guidance Marks

20 Electrostatic charge can discharge as a spark 1
The spark can cause an explosion as fuel is flammable 1
The plane discharges when a conductor comes near it 1
The copper conductor/earth wire discharges the plane safely through 1
the wire/provides a safe route for the charge to go to earth
1
This avoids a spark when the fuel pipe comes close and avoids an
explosion

Total 5

Question Answers and guidance Marks

21 voltage 1
current =
resistance
If the voltage is higher than planned, the current is too large 1
The equipment may overheat or catch fire as higher currents have a 1
bigger heating effect
If the voltage is lower than planned, the current is too low
1
The vacuum cleaner will not be working at full power since
power = voltage × current 1

Total 5

Question Answers and guidance Marks

22 Fuses stop a current flowing if the current is above a certain value 1
The fuse protects the flex/wiring/equipment 1
It stops the flex/wiring/equipment overheating/melting/catching fire 1
The fuse is fitted to the live pin in the plug/in the live wire 1
(If the current exceeds a given value) the fuse wire melts which breaks 1
the circuit

Total 5

14

14
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