300 BEAM COLUMNS on san 2M on Alter chosing band di sty te above ean, hae oi’ tee seine ras TEP aon Taine? on Me ancora ate iene perme es oy scan bleiben by 1). Tasca te pon Se unchr bole Wome bate inoettie ene them oie he fangee "It ale eee te of he tun poten ih bol Tsp snp teenie all he foes algo he ae plat and tous in eq sors ear ie Steer pron sft baw plat two pe of fre a rac apmard son hc lnog ie Sonnend feo dee bo tmnt Consent we ma) ge the kae ofthe bus pie Wate op tyre Pees fe teat cyne natn es ea ene ers turin dbs pow, wile aed conc! nar fbr tana he or of te sean The tel scot Svein conse be te old eerie oe O35 rT) Mig 83 Geil Seton for Cashing Pte Teo Example 83 Design a column base of the columa carrying an axis) ATTACHED BASE WITH TENSIONED BOLTS 361 390 EN and a moment of 45 KNm ia the plane of the web. ‘The setion of the column i SHB 300 @ 52.8 kg/mete. ‘The bolts are given an injual tension of 142 MPa, The alow ‘bearing presue on foting is 40 MP, Seiaton From Eq. 8.7 bit = 12 Mip = 124800008 13510 mm? If d= 520mm, then d = BOGE from Ba 88 Ta kpht— P= 4x 40 x sox 50 ~ 5000 = oo ds i RO. {ee tof dar 2m xe, The eal ton athe tae pate Ce 4) wil be }x05500 La to.sm fom te en of 3 i om, theca Tn poe bon she as na Born = 499 mm, say 500mm 97 mt Bending mosieai per min width BITS U1 TSI244% 083 x 117.3) HITS = 25703 Naw, ‘epi ar beng ns us iS a Bias =n ip 8 Atak Bac wth Teton olsBEAM’COLUMNS: staat fa CoO x2 1, = 1877 Ma fan DX2X 8 MPa ‘Sobstitatng all values ia Ba. 8.5, saqeeermeioeaag 06 x #: 655 2, 29 vwes[t-aettm) 6['~ ost = 0453 +0211 +0277 = 0941 <10. “The section is af for the given conditions. MOMENT RESISTANT COLUMN BASES “The design of bases for colomns carrying axial losds only was discussed in Art 4.11. The bearing pressure between the base plate und the footing was assumed to be woiform. The ftchor bolts were provided only to hold the column in position. resistant bates, the anchor bal red to ‘The beariag pressure between the tisumed to vary linearly. The following types of bases will be discusted in this article. ‘Attached bases ie. tbe base plate 6 Mrmly attached 10 (Anchor bols not required to resist moment. )_Anchor bolts required to resist moment. 2. Unattached baves Le. the bate plate is not attached to the cola (Anchor bolts not required to resist moment. Anchor bots required io resist moment ‘The above types of bates will-now be diveussed in greater 4 85 ATTACHED BASE PLATE WITH INITIALLY TENSIONED BOLTS ‘When there is n0 load on the column the presure between the bave plate and the footing willbe Tbd where, ATTACHED BASE WITH TENSIONED BOLTS 359 ‘T= total inital force fn all the anchor bolts, 1 = breadth ofthe base plate, 14 length ofthe baseplate, parallel to the web of the colums. ‘With th application of the exil load P, additional uniform bose presure equal to (P/bd) will be caused. ‘The pressure distribution de to the moment M will be triangular (a8 shown, in Fig £-2¢) with the maximum value equal to (MIB). "The ‘size ofthe base plate and the required intial tension inthe bolts will be determined by the condition that maximum presture should not exced the permissible presurep on the footing and imum base pressure should not be segatve (ie Due to the application of P and M, there ix amall change inthe value of bolt tension which cas be ney seed. a300 BEAM COLUMNS = 289.am ‘Use 500 x 520 x 32-mm base plate £6 ATTACHED BASE WITH UNTENSIONED 'SOLTS (When the moment ‘ate plate may be designed to tke the without the help of the snchor bois. The anchor bolts however afe required to Keep the colvin in position. ‘The anchor bolls may be located nea the web.» When the bending ‘moment Mi is tess chan Pdf/6, tbe fu Contact with the footing andthe maximus and ts pressure ean be determined by the usual formla for direct and bending stresses ie P.M P= ba © oe ‘When Mis gener then Pas dhe rte wl 90 pas thsongh the mae third of te tae plate ands part of the thew plate wl be ited op. if he are of the base pain Contact wih the fing fo % Ban th asim presse ob footing is, we hve ae o res (4 19 Dig 8109169 4/2 = ki3 = MIP eu) Various combinations of 2 and i are possible. Depth d shoutd be chosen such thatthe projection of the plate beyond ‘the column Is not lage, as this wil make the baseplate thie land hence the design uneconomical. Knowing d and, bean be determined from Equation 8.9. ATTACHED BASE WITH UNTENSIONED BOLTS 363 are not requlted to ress the bending moment, tele design i arbitrary. It is customary not ‘owe ltnchor bolts of diameter les than 12 mm. Ifthe footing is infinitely strong and the plate ininiely igi, ‘moment which wil not exuse overtuming i HP xd. In all pracicl cass, this moment can never be reached because the footing will rush under the concentrated fond end the base plate might bend. Although the above kind of column. base can be designed for larger moment alo by Tereasing the length d of the base plat, but tis wil require irener thickness of baseplate and It will be mare economical {fo us anchor bolts to rei (enion duc to bending moment, sample 8.4 Design the column base for the column of Example &3 without relying on anchor bolts to have iil tension (Fig. #0. Solution 42M aioe 32 TP H0x10 If d= 520mm (ay) fem 260-128.) x 3 = 3943 om PRbp=P, of 4% 3944 bx 4.0-— 380,000 = 43.8 oF 450.00 ay). plate i at 0.95% 150 = 142.5 sam from the centre line oft 15, 117.3 mam from the edge. The. pressure disgram below base i show in Fig. 8€ wherein, the prsture atthe critical sections 40 943 117.3943 — 281 MPa, Ia ose mm width of the plate, the mieximum bending roment = 281 x 117.824 Px 1.19% (D> 17.8 = 24874 Nin ‘Aathe permisible bending stress inthe lab base i 185 MP2, = 1086 mm Loot _ mare section modulus = LE = 2H f= 24cm. “Thus se sab base of 280 mm % 450 mim x 32 mm tick ‘Aa'the anchor bolls ate not needed to resist moment, r¥o ‘Matos bolts of 25 mm diameter may be used, one ech side of| {oluma web to keep the coluan in postion.26 BEAM COLUMNS 7 eet i ——— ee me 4 “point = piers at) een : tse steam oraconn E66 Atl Dw went ry 27a D pa ‘on Bath (1) When the anchor bolts are accounted for resisting the spplied bending moment atthe column bate, the problem is ‘quite similar to reinforced coneete section subjected to direct and bending stress, The anchor bolts ste similar to reinforcing sce! and the contact area between the bate plate and the footing is analogous to the concrete ares. The anchor ‘bolts, however, will not take any compressive stress, The method of tal and error wil be wed i the dimension of 1 ‘base plate and the anchor bolts will be asmed and then the ‘bending pressure will be checked, Consider & colvmn base shown in Figore 87. From the strain diagram we have Be = Modulus of elasticity for eee bolts. ‘Aa ~ Arca of bolts on tension side, ‘As the cum of vertical forces should be 221%, c-T=p or ANABp-Te=P a9 ‘Taking moments about the bolts in tension, Che Pete ATTACHED BASE WITH UNTENSIONED BOLTS 365, or ENAgPG—3NA) = Pam or EN BNP — NIB) = Pat M or) Assuming the dimensions of the base plate, the location of the anchor bolts and the permissible bearing pressre, the val of N can be computed from equation (8.14) and thea T from Eq. 8.13 and fually the area of bolis from Eg. £12. Tole procedure wll be followed up in the example below. Example 8.5 Design the base ofa colums, carrying an axial led of 250 EN and a bending moment 75 KNa in the plane of the Web. Permissible beating pressure on the footing is 40 MPa, Use Indian Standapd specications. The column section fe SHB 300 @ 38.8 kg we = 300 Aste ceentiity of load ie lore, design the base plate without taking ‘Try.a base plate of size 600% 500 mm as shown ia ‘Taking moments about the anchor bolts Expnnxo(s— Meme. willbe neconomicat to tage of anchor bolt, oo ope saan a8 iy 5 Atachdfewith Uateiae Bos366 BEAM COLUMNS x we Ex aon x 8x20 x05 (1-28) yok = 20 x 254 8 18 swore Naas 0:5. Nh = 28mm, 7.)\ qin te ee ar T + 250,000 = x 28 x 500 x 4.0 or Nt 31000 ‘Area of steel bolts op one side = 10%? = 49.4 mm, ‘Use 2 bolts of 25 mm diameter on each side. thickness of the slab-base will be designed to take the id bolvtensons acting as canilever, The a (6000.95 300) = 157.5 mm from the ‘showa in Figure 8. The presre at thi point is 57.5) X 40/281 = 1.76 MPs, Hogging moment at section = 31000 x (157.5 — 75) = 2558 x 10 Nom ‘Sagging moment at section = [GX1.16 157.3244 X(4.0-1.70)x157.82/9) 500 = 202x10' Nom 1 the permissible bending stem is 188 MPa 500 1/6 x 185 = 20.2 x 10" RODRIG sooxiss | ~ *6 ‘Use 50 em X 60 em X 36 mm base sab. 87 UNATTACHED BASES. In the previous example, it was assumed i Smly welded to the columa. When the column base it nilled and transfers th lod tothe base plate by direct bearing, the bate plate act a8 filler to disibute compresive loed to UNATTACHED BASES 361 the footing. Ifthe eccentricity of loud on the column is sal, the anchor bolts may not be needed to rest overturainy ‘moments. The anchor bots, however, willbe used to Keep the column in position, For large momen, the anchor bolts will bbe needed fo reset the moment, ‘The maximum moment that fan be resisted without the help of anchor bolts is PD. where D = depth of the colums section. sod P= arial load The following two examples will ilustrate the design recedure for columa bares in which the base plate is not ‘tached tothe eolumo, Example 86 Design ap voattached column base fora columo carrying an anil load of 350 KN and a momeat of 45 LNa inthe plane of the web. The section ofthe column fe ISHB 300.8 58.8 kg/m, hoving A = 1485 emf, Z = 636.3 ea? Soltion ML asx = soot ~ 286mm As he eccentric is sll, attempt wl be made to dsgn the column tase without depending om achor boll to take tension due tothe moment. ‘Assuming the whole contact area of the column section with the base pate eet, the maxitom snd nine bearing ven by : 1 = FRM & Abita — M08 es Jaen ~ 3006 MPs (comp) fais = 70 MPa esl. ‘The distbuton i shown ia Fig. £9 () and he neue axis + is spi % 300 oF 19.5 mm from the edge, Sioe the ot attached to the bate no tention cam be developed ‘ection wil be lied vp. For the area of [A= 250 x 10.6 + 7.6X(300—10.6—90) = 4165 am?368 ‘BEAM COLUMNS ire 2 = 20x12 7618, 165 1 250% 10.67124-250% 10.6% (43.5~10.6/27 + 4 7.6((43.5~106) + (300-90—43.5") = [0.025 + 3.867 + 11,693] 10¢ = 15.6810" mat ‘Moment about eg. of efetive sect = 45 x 10" — 352 1000 000/2-43.5) = 1NS x 10'Nom faa = 3880 — TRI a9) = 40 — 52.0 = 20 MPa 330000, 7125x108 fom = “A165. * 15.68% 10° = 840-4 214— 1054 MPa <8 MPA OK Actually the effective aces willbe litle large than assumed ince the minimum stress ot zero but compressive. Actually x os UNATTACHED BASES 86 mm will li up instead of 90 mm assumed but no revision is necresry because the compresio. stress developed is mall es8 on stel is 185 MPa whereas the actual compressive sitet is only 10S MPa ‘The dimensions of the ba Example 8.4. The nomin xan ple, Example 87 Redesign the base of the column in Example 8,5 using an unattached columa base seta M 15x10 Le ‘he sock t-test el he oy wee, athe tc son il prone fo supe elooe Beran int wut of te conpente Ge termee We asa fen an he bax pao cael by ie ompeios Sing nti ne coopein degen fe ee oe ow es om 110,“ Teg sana oe ip Cf ots Se Sagnet Sate ht a te mines of ioe 1 (0 1264 50) = niot25,00 (150-198) ce T= 11200 N Tetthe twat enue sein okt = 12 MPa 1260 193 mt ‘Area of bolts on tension side = Use two bolts of 32 mm diameter on each side giving net area at root of thread = 2-% 57.5 = 115 mm? C= T+ P= 1126004250000 ~ 362600 N Bearing stress on comprewsion flange = a, = 1368 MPa <185MPa Ok Fs 106 In cases when the actual Bearing stress on the compression ‘ange exceeds the allowable value, addtional goset plates may ‘be used with the fange to provide more bearing arcs,ig #10 Uontched Coon Base ‘The base plate will be deigned te distribute the force C to tne footing. Ifthe size of plate be & Xd aod the avea in ‘contact with footing is b> k, we have, Supe o= 30 ® wa (E-E)- ae In the above two equations, we have four unknown therefore many solutions ae pomible. Eifort should be made that the ‘base plate bas neatly equal projections beyond the column fection on both sides. Ifwe assume d= 60 em, we get b= $0 cm for equ projection, ie. the sume dimensions asin Example 8.5. The From Ba. (i) E = 466 mm, and from (i) the presure 7 = 3.1 MP, hence safe, 88. BASE PLATE DETAILS [A large variety of base plates BASE PLATE DETAILS an are posible depending upon the shape of the column section ind the magnitude of moments. Some of the more common types are shown in Fig. &11- The fllowiag comments relate to these disgrams. ay ig. CH Das Comecton Det (a) This isthe simplest type of base, The base plate th atiched tothe column by welding. If the weld ie i sficient {fo develop the full strength of the section, no further analysis ‘required. A smaller weld sie may be ruficint. If the end of the column is miled for direct bearing, the weld will he designed for 50% of direct load ard fol moment. The angles fate used to facilitate the eretion Le. to keep the columa in position during welding (8) When the column is pt attached with the bas, the b. se detail of type 'a) will be unsuitable due to the sme flexural ripidy of the angle ler. The angle B will be welded 10 the column Ganges and a steel cap °C’ may be used on the tep ofm ‘BEAM COLUMNS ‘this angle to tke the rection from the bolthead. “The angles connecting the web with the base plate take the boriootal Shears if any. These angles may be elther welded to the base pte or connected to it by countersunk rivets (©) ‘The arrangement is somewhat sinilar to (b). Inseed of welding one angle on cach ange, two angles have been connected to each ange. These angles can instead be riveted ‘withthe flange Instead of using riveted angles, we can a8 ‘well ie srple plates welded tothe column fangs. (2) When the column it subjected to bending, moment in both the directions, this arrangement is suitable. This is only tn extension of arrangement (c) to accommodate four bolts. (@) This shows a pomible arrangement of base plate detail for built-up column which fs mbjcted to moment ia. both ‘iteetions. The triangular plates are used to siffen the base tangle. Four angles are weed to prevent overturning fom both fides. (0) Four pipes have been welded at four tps of the Tseetion ‘of the column and a bolt is tightened through exch. (@) This shows simple arrangement to stiffen the base plate by welding siening plates, 89. COLUMN sPLICES ‘The deign of the elie fora column subjected 10 ‘and bending moment is governed by the specifications. 1 the ‘column ends are not faced for complete bearing, the slice faateial shall be designed for axial load, shear and bending Tmoment at that section, Ifthe ends ate Taced for complete bearing, 50% of the axial load is tranaterred by direet bearing snd the remeining $0% of th ‘moment are transferred by splice material should preferably be #0 di (of eplice colncides with that of the coloma. Example 8.8 will moment 45 KNm, an axial Joad 350 KN and a shear force SDKN. The ection ofthe column jn ISHE 300 @ 8.8 klmete ‘The ende of the colomn splice ate milled for direct beating. COLUMN SPLICE. a2 fry aeagee cl. Lit ie, #12 Cala Spee 50% of the axial load will be transfered by direct bearings and splice plates are needed forthe remaining ‘the bending moment, The slice plates sonnei will be sstmed 10 For shear, splice plates will be provided on the web. If the Aang splices are assumed tobe 10 ann thick ‘the force in the splice on compression side () acto axial oad = 0) due 0B. Mem ‘Total = 232700 ‘The permissible stress in the splice pate willbe assumed to eager meet ie rare Toure. oe goed for spn plae = 222m 1251 ma? ‘To avoid weakening of the columa laterally, i is advisable to wee plate of about the seme with asthe colamn farge. ‘Therefore, se the splice plate of size 250 mm > 8 min. Using rivets of 22 mm dia, ch sreogth of a rivet inainglesear = (241,98 2 100 = 4970 N In bearing on 8 mm plate = 23.5%8%300 = 56400 N Rivet value = 43570 N 232700 4570 812, Number of rivets = 5.36 oF 6 ret, ‘Arrange sve as shown in Fham Allowable meximum shear sess BEAM COLUMNS Shear force = 50000 N 25 MPa. = 045 Fy = 0.45 X 250 — 1 ‘Area of plate required = [0807 3¢ 1.5 = 667 amt. 0000 25 ‘Use two plates 6mm thick and 150.mm wide. Although amaller section can tke the shear foree but 6 mm is the ‘minimum thickness allowed by specication 150 moi tbe ‘hiaknusn wide to accommodate two rivets. Using: in 22 ca dia. rivet, the rivet siength {n double shear = 86740 N in bearing on 7.6 mm web = 23.5 % 7.6 x 300 = 53580 Rivet valve = 53580. 50000 ‘Number of svetuon each side = 50000 — 0.99, Use 2st, a1. 82. 83. PROBLEMS ‘A. tares.apan_ continous bean, cach span 4m, fubjected fo an axial compression of S00 KN’ and ‘niforly distributed losd through a coperee slab such that the compression ange can be assumed to be Contiauously supported in the lateral direction. The Section of the ‘beam ie 1SWB 350° @ 568 kgm Determine the amount of uniformly distributed load ‘phich the Beam oan carry in addition to axel loed, ‘The principal rafter of a roof truss caries an sx Load OF KN. The panel length is 25 m, The rafter feecives a concentrated poilin reaction of 3 EN at fidepencl points. Choose a ritabe ection for rafter. ‘The rafter may be asumed tobe laterally restrained by the sheeting. ‘A column, withthe unbraced Tengh equal to Sm, caries {Bn axial load of 1000 EN together witha psrallel lord Of 200 EN whose lise of action itesets the minor axis 181250 mm fro the oeatrold. Desig the column. ‘PROBLEMS 315 8.4, The corner column of a mulistorey building cxties 2 vertical loed of 600 KN end bending moments of 10 Na. {ind 5 ENat in the major and minor planes. Design the ‘olum if ia unbraced beght in 4.2 m. 8.5. In a building frame, @ column carries an axial foad of, 4000 EN’ due to. dead and lve loads together witb an fxial load of $90 EN and moment in the plane of the iweb of 120 kNm due to wind. Design the column ‘otion ifthe effective length of the cola it 3.6 (Allowable strate when wind is icloded mey be taken 359% in excew). 8.6, Design a splice for the column in Problem 8.3 if the fends of the colama are () left rough (i) miled for ‘complete bearing. 87. Design the moment resitent column bases for the Tollowling cases : ‘Axial load Moment Column Section @ GOIN ASKN@_—ISHB 400 @ 774 beim ) DEN S0kNm I 600 EN 150 KN i