OUT-OF-SCHOOL

CHILDREN & YOUTHS

(OSCY)
Carrillo, Samantha Bernadette
Cruz, Mary Dianne
Outline
I. INTRODUCTION

II. STATISTICAL DATA OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN & YOUTHS IN THE PHILIPPINES

III. PHILIPPINE POLICIES FOR OSCY

IV. PROGRAMS OF THE PHILPPINE GOVERNMENT FOR OSCY

V. OSCY IN PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

VI. CONCLUSION
OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN & YOUTHS

A child/ youth who is:

1. Children: 6 to 14 years old, not enrolled in any formal or vocational school

2. Youths: 15 to 24 years old, not enrolled in any formal or vocational school, not formally employed and not a
tertiary level graduate

3. A low income individual

4. A school dropout

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority

WIA definition, Making High-School Relevant- A Framework for Career Technical Education
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10893347/
OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN & YOUTHS
A child/ youth who is:

5. Homeless, runaway, foster child

6. Has received a secondary school diploma or its equivalent but lack basic skills

7. Unemployed or underemployed

8. An individual who requires additional assistance to complete an educational program

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority

WIA definition, Making High-School Relevant- A Framework for Career Technical Education
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10893347/
Statistical Data of OSCY in the Philippines

Source: PSA, 2016

OSCY Distribution, by Sex & Income

Source: APIS, 2017

OSCY Distribution, by Sex & Region

Source: APIS, 2017

2013 prevalence data of
OSCY in the Philippines:

CAR: lowest- 7.1%

ARMM: highest- 14.4%
Reasons for not attending school (PSA, 2017)

https://psa.gov.ph/content/nine-percent-filipinos-aged-6-24-years-are-out-school-results-2017-annual-poverty-indicators
Interventions for OSCY
1. Physical access to school
2. Impact of Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program (4Ps)
3. Impacts of health and nutrition-based interventions
4. Disasters
5. Child labor
6. Alternative Learning System (ALS)
Inter-agencies for Children in the Philippines
● Council for the Welfare of Children
● National Youth Commission
 LAWS AND POLICIES
ADDRESSING THE OUT-OF-
SCHOOL YOUTHS
RA 7323 (Special Program for the Employment of Students)

AN ACT TO HELP POOR BUT DESERVING STUDENTS

PURSUE THEIR EDUCATION BY ENCOURAGING THEIR
EMPLOYMENT DURING SUMMER AND/OR CHRISTMAS VACATIONS
RA 9547 (strengthening RA 7323)
1. May employ 15 to 25 years old
2. Students in secondary level shall only be employed during summer and/ or Christmas
vacations
3. Those in tertiary level and OSY may be employed anytime of the year
4. Employment may only be for 20-52 working days
5. Students employed in activities related to their course may earn equivalent academic
and practicum or on-the-job training credits, depending on the concerned agency
RA 10917 (ammendment of RA 9547)
1. Out-of-school youth and college and technical-vocational or tech-voc students may
be employed at any time of the year
2. High school students shall still be employed only during summer and/or Christmas
vacations.
3. Raised age limit to 15 to 30 years old

4. Extended SPES employment from 20 to 78 days

RA 9155 (Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001)
Creation of Alternative Learning Systems (ALS) for Out-of-School Youth

● Laderized, non-formal free education program implemented by DepEd

● Establishment of learning centers
● Target learners include:
○ Unemployed/ Underemployed OSY
○ Elementary and secondary school dropouts
○ Industry-based workers, housewives, etc.
○ Member of Indigenous Peoples
○ Persons with Disability
○ Persons Deprived of Liberty
PROGRAMS FOR OSCY
Alternative Learning System (ALS)
Implemented by: Department of Education

A parallel learning system in the Philippines that provides a practical option to the
existing formal instruction. When one does not have or cannot access formal
education in schools, ALS is an alternate or substitute. System only requires
learners to attend learning sessions based on the agreed schedule between the
learners and the learning facilitators.
Alternative Learning System (ALS)
Age Distribution of ALS Enrollees

Source: ALS Snapshot Survey 2017; World Bank

Alternative Learning System (ALS)

Core Components

● Basic Literacy Program

● Accreditation and Equivalency (A and E) Programs
ALS vs Formal Education
Alternative Learning System Formal Education
● Communication Skills (English and Filipino), ● English
● Problem Solving and Critical Thinking (Math and ● Filipino
Science),
● Math
● Sustainable Use of Resources and Productivity
(Makabayan) ● Science
● Life and Career Skills (Makabayan) ● Makabayan
● Expanding One’s World Vision (Makabayan).
Options and Opportunities for ALS passers
● Can enroll to college
● Enroll to vocational schools. I.e., TESDA, TEchnical Schools
● Enter other non-formal training programs
● Look for work opportunities
● Re-enroll in formal elementary or secondary education
Special Program of the Employment of Students (SPES)
Implemented by: Department of Labor and Employment

The Special Program for Employment of Students is DOLE’s youth employment-

bridging program which aims to provide temporary employment to poor but deserving
students, out-of-school youth, and dependents of displaced or would-be displaced
workers during summer and/or Christmas vacation or any time of the year to augment
the family’s income to help ensure that beneficiaries are able to pursue their
education.
SPES Target beneficiaries

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

203,470 157,688 85,518 68,926 74,142

beneficiaries beneficiaries beneficiaries beneficiaries beneficiaries
OSCY IN THE PHILIPPINE
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Social Protection Mechanisms for children in PDP
1. Profiling of child laborers
2. Enhancement of advocacies for child labor-free barangays
3. Livelihood assistance for parents
4. HELP ME program
Plan Targets and Mitigating Measures:
● 30% reduction (from PDP data) of children aged 5-17 years engaged
in child labor
● Creation of policies to reduce child labor then M & E
● Implementation of a multi-sectoral roadmap for children
Status of ALS as per PDP
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) was able to serve 1,020,049 or 23
percent of the total out-of-school youth aged 16 to 26 years. As of 2012,
there were only around 9,000 learning facilitators involved in
implementing ALS14.
ALS Update
Creation of 2000 new Teacher I positions for the Alternative Learning
System (ALS) in 2018
CONCLUSION
● The increase in OSCY is a reflection of the overall socio-economic circumstances
of the country, including poverty, regional inequalities, a rapid population growth
rate, sluggish economic growth, and low absorption of the labor force.

● Given the challenges brought about by the pandemic, programs addressing the
OSCY must be strengthened and ensure continuity as this is agenda is equally
important to equalize opportunity for human development.
References
(2018). The Philippines Alternative Learning System: A Second Chance to Develop the Human Capital of Out-of-School Youth and Adults. World Bank,
The World Bank, www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/publication/the-philippines-alternative-learning-system-a-second-chance-to-develop-
the-human-capital-of-out-of-school-youth-and-ad ults.

About Alternative Learning System. Department of Education, www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/inclusive-education/about-alternative-learning-system/.

Basic Education. Miriam College, www.mc.edu.ph/mae/als

psa.gov.ph

https://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/inclusive-education/about-alternative-learning-system/

CNN Philippines. DepEd official: Close to 4 million learners did not enroll for next school year due to COVID-19 crisis. 12 August 2020. Retrieved from
https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/8/12/4-million-out-of-school-youth-covid-crisis.html

David, C.C., Albert, J.R.G., & Vizmanos, J. F.V., December 2018. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Out-of-School Children: Changing
Landscape of School Attendance and Barriers to Completion.

National Economic and Development Authority. Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022