Chapter (1)

General Principles of foundation Design

Problem 1(a) Example 7.2

Problem 1(b)
7.12. A one-story industrial plant is to be built near St.louis, Missouri, on the east side of the
Missippi River. The site soil is a loess deposit 4m thick overlying medium dense sand
and gravel. Soil samples give  l = 42,  p = 26, rdry =14.8 kN/m3. The soil can be
compacted to rdry = 16.5 kN/m3 using a 3% lime admixture. Make tentative site
recommendations for foundation loads on the order of 800 to 1200 kN. Estimate the kgs
of lime that will be required for the soil improvement assuming that only the upper 2
m of the loess will be treated.
Problem 2(a)
7.5. A soil has the following properties;  l = 57.5% ,  p = 26%,  N = 29%, ρdry = 1.67
g/cm3. The profile contains 8 m of clay overlying a medium dense sand: qu varies
linearly from 125 kPa at -1.5 m to 185 kPa at -7.0 m. Assume this site is near Dallas,
Texas.
(a) Estimate the swell pressure and heave if the active depth is 3 m.
(b) A two-storey load bearing wall (concrete block) apartment building consists of 8
units and a plan of 10x48m. How can this building be constructed to have no
differential settlement? Write your recommendations in a short report. Consider the
building with and without a basement and include consideration of floor slabs on
grade or basement slab.
Problem 2(b)
7.7. What is the allowable point bearing capacity (f=3) for a 0.45m diameter belled pier
founded at elevation -6m in the soil of Prob(7.5)?
Problem 3(a)
7.8. What is the allowable bearing capacity for a square footing of B=1.75m spread footing
for elevation -1.5m, -3m, and -4m using the equation given in Sec.7-10 and the soil of
Prob (7.7)?
Problem 3(b)
7.9. A soil investigation in an old sanitary landfill indicated o.4m of soil cover , SPT blow
counts ranged from 1 to 8 in the depth from the surface to -5m, exceplt for one boring
where N=50 at -3m. At elevation -5m approximately 0.6m of top soil and organic
 material was encountered and from elevation -6m to -10m the blow counts ranged from
12 to 20. The soil was a silty, stiff gray clay with traces of sand and gravel. At
elevation-10m (base of fill) the soil became a medium dense sand with blow counts
ranging from 26 to 38. At elevation -50m this soil became very dense and the blow
counts ranged from 40 to 45. Boring was terminated at -20m. The GWT is at elevation -
11m.
A one-story discount store consisting of 5000m2 is proposed for this site.
Assume the site is near Chicago, Ilinois. Draw the “typical” boring log and write a set
of recommendations for the foundation design.

Chapter (2)
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations
Problem 4(a)
Example (4.1)
Problem 4(b)
Example (4.2)
Problem 5(a)
Example (4.3)
Problem 5(b)
Example (4.4)
Problem 6
Example (4.5)
Problem 7
Example (4.6)
Problem 8
Example (4.7)
Problem 9
Example (4.8)
Problem 10(a)
Example (4.9)
Problem 10(b)
Example (4.10)
Problem 11(b)
Example (4.12)
Problem 12(a)
Example (4.13)
Problem 12(b)
Example (4.14)
Problem 13
4.4. Referring to fig. P4.4, find the size of square footing to carry the inclined load (with V
and H components shown). Use Meyerhof’s, Vesic’s or Hansen’s method as assigned
and a SF=5 on qult. Column is square of size shown. Use 1 = 2.5 and  2 = 3.5 in
Hansen’s method. Partial answer: H = 2.95m, V = 2.95m, M = 3.05m.
Problem 14
4.8. Redo Example (4.7) if the force H is reversed ( acts from right to left ). Estimate ground
slope  = - 80. . Also use the Vesic method if is assigned by your instructor for a comparison
of methods.
Problem 15
4.7. Redo Example (4.6) using  ps = 47. but vary 1 >2.5 and vary  2 > 3.5 ( values of 2.5
and 3.5 used in example ). Comment on the effect of these two parameters on allowable
bearing pressure qa . Answer: Using 1 = 4 and  2 = 5 q ult = 807 kPa.

Chapter (3)
Shallow Foundation Settlements
Problem 16(a)
Example (5.3) – ( Page 295 to 296 )
Problem 16(b)
Example (5.4) ( Page 296 )
Problem 17(a)
Example (5.5) ( Page 298 to 299 )
Problem 17(b)
Example (5.6) ( Page 299 to 300 )
Problem 18
Example (5.7) ( Page 309 to 310 )
Problem 19(a)
Example (5.8) ( Page 311 to 312 )
Problem 19(b)
Example (5.10) ( Page 322 )
Problem 20
Example (4.9) ( Page 320 to 321 )
Problem 21(a)
Example (5.11) ( Page 322 to 323 )
Problem 21(b)
Example (5.16) ( Page 336 )
Problem 22
Example (5.12) ( Page 324 to 326 )
Problem 23
Example (5.14) ( Page 330 to 333 )
Problem 24
Example (5.15) ( Page 333 to 335 )
Problem 25
5.7 Assume in Example (5.14) that instead of 1.5 tsf, p/c = 1.0 tsf and recomputed the
expected consolidation settlement  Hc . Next assume the given p/c = 1.5 tsf and Cc =
0.4 instead of 0.32 and compute the settlement  Hc . Compare the two settlement
values and see if you can draw any conclusions as to the relative effect of error in p/c
versus error in Cc .
Problem 26
5.13. Rework Example (5.9) , if column loads are expected in the range of 900 to 1800 kN.

Chapter (4)
Mat Foundations
Problem 27(a)
Example (6.1), (6.2) (6.3) – ( Page 262,263 and 268 )
Problem 27(b)
Example (6.4) ( Page 268 to 270 )
Problem 28
Example (6.5) ( Page 281 to 283)
Problem 29
Example (6.6) ( Page 284 to 289 )
Problem30
6.12 Divide the mat shown in figure P.6.11 into three strips, such as AGHI ( B1 =4.25m ),
GIJH ( B1 =8m ) and ICDJ ( B1 =4.25m ). Use the results of Problem ( 6.11), and
determine the reinforcement requirements in the Y direction. Here, f/c = 20.7 MN/m2, fy
= 413.7 MN/m2 and the load factor is 1.7.
[ Calculation procedure is same as example 6.6 ].

- The End -
 MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Technical and Vocational Education
B.E Second Monthly Test
CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 5015- Foundation Engineering
- - 2009 3 hr. allowed
--------------------------------------------------------------
Make Necessary Assumptions.
Attempt All
1(a). Given. A soil with properties in Table I of Snethen (1980).
Required. Make an estimate of the probable well in mm.

Boring Sample l p N rdry

eo Gs
No: Depth(ft) (%) (%) (%) (lb/ft3)
U1 1.7-2.7 81 22 23.2 0.629 2.68 102.7
U2 1.4-3.4 75 24 27.2 0.745 2.75 98.4
U2 4.1-5.1 69 24 22.1 0.613 2.71 104.9
U1 6.6-7.9 82 27 21.1 0.589 2.73 107.3
U2 8.6-9.4 77 24 21.4 0.604 2.73 106.2
U1 10.0-11.2 69 26 20.6 0.579 2.74 108.3
U2 12.9-13.8 83 21 22.5 0.678 2.74 101.9

1(b). A one-story industrial plant is to be built near St.louis, Missouri, on the east side of the
Missippi River. The site soil is a loess deposit 4m thick overlying medium dense sand
and gravel. Soil samples give  l = 42,  p = 26, rdry =14.8 kN/m3. The soil can be
compacted to rdry = 16.5 kN/m3 using a 3% lime admixture. Make tentative site
recommendations for foundation loads on the order of 800 to 1200 kN. Estimate the kgs
of lime that will be required for the soil improvement assuming that only the upper 2
m of the loess will be treated.

2. A square footing is 1.8 m x 1.8 m with a 0.4 x 0.4 m square column. It is loaded with an
axial load of 1800kN and Mx =450kN-m; My =360kN-m. Undrained triaxial tests ( soil
not saturated ) give  = 36 . and c = 20kPa. The footing depth D = 1.8m; the soil unit
weight r = 18kN/m3; the water table is at a depth of 6.1m from the ground surface.
 Required. What is the allowable soil pressure, if SF = 3, using the Hansen bearing
capacity equation with B/, L/; Meyerhof’s equation; and the reduction factor Re?

3. You are given the data shown on the sketch of a load test ( see fig E 4.6 ):
Hult = 382kN , Vult = 1060kN
Required.
a. find the ultimate bearing capacity by the Hansen method.
b. find the ultimate bearing capacity by the Vesic method.

4. The geotechnical consultant on a foundation project has obtained the soil data and
profile shown on fig E 5.9. A best average of N values ( they were nearly constant as in
 =20 shown. Column loads including and live loads are estimated in the
fig ) Gave N 70
range of 450 to 900 kN ( 100 to 200 kips ).

P = 450 to 200kips

1.5m
B

8m Nav = 20 (SPT)
Medium dense sand
Rock

Fig. E 5.9

Required. Recommend qa for this project so that  H is limited to not over 25mm.

5. The plan of mat foundation with column loads is shown in figure (6.15). Use Eq.(6.25)
to calculate the soil pressure A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, and N. The size of the
mat is 76 x 96 , all column are 24 x 24 in section, and qall(net) = 1.5 kip/ft2. Verify that
the soil pressure are less than the net allowable bearing capacity.
2ft 24ft 24ft 24ft 2ft
A
A B C D E F G
3ft

DL=100k DL=180k DL=190k DL=110k

LL=60k LL=120k LL=120k LL=70k
30ft

DL=180k DL=360k DL=400k DL=200k

LL=120k LL=200k LL=250k LL=120k

ex
x
ey 30ft

DL=140k DL=400k DL=440k DL=200k

LL=130k LL=240k LL=300k LL=120k

y 30ft

DL=120k DL=180k DL=180k DL=120k

LL=70k LL=120k LL=120k LL=70k

x 3ft
N M L K J I G

Note DL= dead load

LL= live load

Fig. (6.15) Plan of a mat foundation

 Chapter - 1
General Principles of Foundation Disign
Solutions
1(a)
WL = 536/7 = 76.6%
Wp = 168/7 = 24% , dry = 729. 7/7 = 104.2 pcf
WN = 22.6% d = 104.2/ 62.4 = 1.67 g/cm3
Total stratum thickness = 8 ft = 2.44 m
Log Sp = 0.0367 WL - 0.0833 WN + 0.458
= 0.0367 (76.6) - 0.0833 (22.6) + 0.458
= 1.387
Sp = 10 1.387 = 24.4%
Sp = 2.27 + 0.131 WL - 0.27 Wp
= 2.27 + 0.131 (76.6) - 0.27 (24)
= 5.73 %

Average swell , Sp = (24.4 + 5.73)/2 = 15.1 %

Log Ps = 2.132 + 0.0208 WL + 0.6665 d - 0.0269 WN
= 2.132 + 0.0208 (76.6) + 0.665 x (1.67) - 0.0269 (22.6)
= 2.132 + 2.096
= 0.226 Kg / cm2
Ps = 10 0.226 = 1.683 Kg / cm2 ¹ 165 KPa
Sp 1 = Sp [ 1- (0.735) Ps ]
= 15.1 [ 1-0.0735 165 )
= 0.056 Sp
H = 2.44 (0.0084) (1000)
= 20.5 mm
 Chapter - 2

Solution
Bearing Capacity of Stallow foundations
puoblem 4 (a) [ Example 4.1 ]
Som -
The soil is not saturated, since a U Test gives a By Terzaghi equation (squar e
footing).

qult = CNcSc + q Nq + 0.5 r BNrSr

= 20. Nc = 17.7 , Nq = 7.4 , Nr = 5
Square footing Sc = 1.3 , Sr = 0.8
q = rDf = 17.3 x 1.2 = 20.76 KN / m 2
qult = 1.3 x 17.7 x 20 + 20.76 x 7.4 + 0.5 x 17.3 x B x 5 x 0.8
= 613.8 + 34.6 B
qult 613.8 + 34.6 B
qa = = = 204.61 + 11.53 B
Fs 3

For B = 1.5 m qa = 20.461 + 11.53 x 1.5 = 222 KPa

B= 3 m = 204.61 + 11.53 x 3 x 0.95
qa
= 237.5 KPa
By simple bearing capacity equation (eqn j)

qult
2Kp
=C
[
Kp ] + q+
Kp Kp
+
rB
[ Kp2 Kp
]
Cos Cos 4 Cos

Kp = tan2 (45 + / 2) = tan2 )45 + 20/2) = 2.04

2 x 2.04 2.04 20.76 2.04 x 2.04 17.3 x
.
. . [
qult = 20
2 x 2.04
Cos 20
+
2.04 ] + 20.76 x
2.04 x 2.04
Cos 20
17.3 x B
+
4

[ (20.04)2
Cos 20
-
2.04 ]
179 .77 + 12.98 B
 qult 179.77 + 12.98 B
qall = = = 59.92 + 4.33 B
F.S 3
For B= 1.5 m qa = 59.92 + 4.33 x 1.5 = 66.42 KP a
B= 3 m qa = 59.92 + 4.33 x 3 x 0.95 = 72.26 KP a

Problem 4 (b) [ Example 4.2]

Som -
Pult 1863
qult = = = 1863 KPa
A 6.5 x 2

2
LB = = 4 2 , tri = 42.7 34
0.5
. .
. . P3 = 1.5 - 17 = 1.5 x 42.7 - 17 = 47
tr
Hansen bearing capacity equation
0 1 1
qult = CNcScdcicgcbc + qN qdqiqgqbq + 0.5 rBN r

qult = qNqSqdq + 0.5 rBN rSrdr SrdrirSrbr

q =
Df =r 9.31 x 0.5 = 4.655 KN m2

Nq = e II tan tan2 (45 + ) = e II tan 47 tan2 (45 + 47 )

2 2

Nr = 1.5 (Nq - 1) tan = 1.5 (187 - 1) tan 47 = 299

Shape Factor

Sq =1+B sin = 1 + 0.5 sin 47 = 1.18

L 2

Sr = 1-0.4 B = 1 - 0.4 x 0.5 = 0.9 0.6

L 2

depth factor
D 0.5 D
= =
K1 ==
1
B 0.5 B

d = 1 + 2 tan (1 - sin )2 K = 1 + 2 tan 47 (1 - sin 47) 2 x

q
= 1.15
dr = 1
qult = 4.655 x 187 x 1.18 x 1.15 + 0.5 x 9.31 x 0.5 x 299 x 0.9 x 1
= 1808 KPa measured valre
~
Mayergolf equation
0
qult = CNcScdc + q N qSqdq + 0.5 rBN rSrdr
Nq = 187
Nr = (Nq - 1) tan (1.4 ) = (187 - 1) tan (1.4 x 47)
= 414

Shape factor

Kp = tan2 (45 x ) = tan 2 (45 + 47 ) = 6.44

2

Sq = Sr = 1 + 0.1 K p B = 1 + 0.1 x 6.44 x 0.5 = 1.16

L 2

Depth factor

dq = dr = 1 + 0.1 Kp D = 1 + 0.1 6.44 x 0.5 = 1.25

B 0.5

qult = 4.655 x 187 x 1.16 x 1.25 + 0.5 x 9.31 x 0.5 x 414 x 1.16 x 1.25
= 2660 KP a measured value

Problem 5 (a) [Example 4.3]

som
Hanscn equation (Vanc shcar Test)
0
qult = 5.14 Su (1 + Sc + dc - ic - bc - qc) + q
= 5.14 Su (1 + Sc + dc)

Ip = wL - wp = 80 - 35 = 45 = 0.8
Su Vane = Su Vane = 0.8 x 2.4 = 1.92 tan / m 2
Sc = 0.2 B = 0.2 (Squame footing B . L)
L
D = 1.5 = 1.43 1
B 1.05
K = tan-1 (D ) = tan -1 1.43= 0.96
.
. . dc = 0.4 K = 0.4 x 0.96 = 0.38
qult = 5.14 x 1.92 (1 + 0.2 + 0.38) = 15.6 KP a

From unconfined compression test

qu = 3 tan
m2
C =u
= Squ = 1.5 tan/ m 2
qult = 15.6 x 1.5 = 12.2 tan/ m 2
1.92
From load Test
qult = Pu = 14.1 = 12.8 tan/ m2 15.6 tan / m2
A 1.05 x 1.05

5(b) (Eg. 4.4)

~ 12.2 tan/ m (unconfined)
2

Meyergot equation

= 0 (unconfined)
Nc = 5.14 , Nq = 1 , Nr = 0 0
qult = CNcScdc+ q NqSqdq + 0.5 rBN rSrdr
C = q
u 2
, Kp = tan2 (45 + ) =1
2
Sc = 1 + 0.2 Kp B = 1 x 0.2 x 1 x 1 = 1.2
L
Sq =1
dc = dq = 1
qult = qu x 5.14 x 1.2 x 1 + q x 1 x 1 x 1
2
= 3.08 qu + q
q 3.08 qu + q
qa = ult = = 1.03 qu + 0.33 q
F.S 3
Terzaghi bearing capacity equation

=0 Nc = 5.7 , Nq = 1 , Nr = 0
qult = CNcSc + q Nq + 0.5 rBNrSr
.
C = u
, Sqc = 1.3 ( . . Square)

qult = qu x 5.7 x 1.3 x q x 1 = 3.705 q u + q

2
qa q 3.705 qu + q
= ult = = 1.235 qu + 0.33 q
F.S 3
It. .is. common to r egkeet 0.33 q and note That either 1.03 or 1.235 is sufficiently
close to 1.
qa = qu = 200 KPa
Footing with Eccentric (or) Inclined Losding
qult

ex
2ex
R=V
ey
mx
B B wy
B

wx
V

2ey L

v my

q
q max

R =
V

ex = My , ey = Mx
V V
L = L - 2ex
B = B - 2ey
Bmin = Wy + 4 ey
Lmin = Wx + 4ex

Method 1

a- Use B the rBNr term

b- Use B and L in computing the shape factors

c- Use alctual B and L for all depth factors.

Method 2

qult, design = qult . computed Re

Re = 1 - 2e (eohesive soil)
B
Re = 1 - e (cogesionless soil and for 0 e 0.3)
2 B
(6) E.g 4.5
Som

ex
2ex
ey Mx
B B X

2ey L

L
V = 1800 KN

My = 360 KN. m

0.9 m
D = 1.8 m

6.1 m

tr = 36. , C = 20 KPa
r = r = 18 KN/m3

ex = My = 360 = 0.2
V 1800
ey = Mx = 450 = 0.25
V 1800
L = 1.8 - 2 x 0.2 = 1.4
B = 1.8 -2 0.25 = 1.3

Hansen equation (with B ,L )

q =c C ScNdc + q NqSqdq + 0.5 r B Nr Sr dr
. .
L =1 < 2 ( . . Use = tr = 36 )
B
Nc = 50.55 , Nq =37.7 , Nr =40
q = rDf =18 x 1.8 = 32.4 KN/m2

Shape factor
Nq B 37.7 1.3
Sc =1+ . =1+ x = 1.69
Nc L 50.55 1.4

B 1.3
Sq =1+ Sin =1+ Sin 36 = 1.55
L 1.4
 B 1.3
Sr = 1 - 0.4 = 1 - 0.4 x = 0.63 > 0.6
L 1.4
depth factor

D =1 k=1

dc = 1 + 0.4 k = 1 + 0.4 x 1 = 1.4

dq = 1 + 2 tan (1 - sin )2k
= 1 + 2 tan 36 (1 - sin 36) 2 x 1 = 1.25
dr =1
qult = 20 x 50.55 x 1.69 x 1.4 + 32.4 x 37.7 x 1.55 x 1.25 + 0.5 x 18 x 1.3 x 40 x
0.63 x 1
= 5053.5 KP a
qult 5053.5
qa = = = 1684.5 KPa
F.s 3
Meyerhof equation (with B . L)
qult = CNcScdc + q NqSqdq + 0.5 rBN rSrdr
Nr = 44.4 , Nc = 50.55 , N q = 37.7
Shape factor

Kp = tan2 (45 + ) = tan 2 (45 + 36) = 3.85

2
Sc = 1 + 0.2 Kp B = 1 + 0.2 x 3.86 x 1.8 = 1.77
L 1.8
Sq = Sr = 1 + 0.1 Kp B = 1 + 0.1 x 3.85 x 1.8
L
= 1.39
Depth factor

dc = 1 + 0.2 Kp D = 1 + 0.2 3.85 x 1.8

= 1.39
B 1.8
dq = dr = 1 + 0.1 Kp D = 1 + 0.1 3.85 x 1.8 = 1.19
B 1.8
qult = 20 x 50.55 x 1.77 x 1.39 + 32.4 x 37.7 x 1.3 x 1.19 + 0.5 x 18 x 1.8 x 44.4 x
1.39 x 1.19
= 5697.6 kp a

Sesume cohesionless soil

Re =1-e =1 - 0.2 = 0.67

B 1.8
Re = 1 - 0.25 = 0.63
 .
. . qult , des = q ult x Re = 5698.6 x 0.67 x 0.63
= 2405 KPa

. . qa , des = 2405 = 802 KPa

.
3

(7) E.g 4.6

som
tr = 43 .
L =L=2
B = B = 0.5
L =2=4>2
. .
. . Ps = 1.5 tr - 17 = 1.5 x 43 - 17 = 47.5 ( tr. >. 34)
.
. . Ps = 1.1 tr = 1.1 x 43 = 47.3 ( .tr. .> 30)
Use ps = 47. (min)
Han sen method
Inclination
c
0.5 HB
iq ,B =
[ 1-
V + Af Ca cot ] c1
= 1

0.5 HL
c iq ,L =
[ 1-
V + Af Ca cot ]2.5
=
[ 0.5 x 382
1060 ] c2
= 0.608

ir ,B = [ 1-
0.7 HB
V + Af Ca cot ] c2
=1

ir ,L = [ 1-
0.7 HL
V + Af Ca cot
]3.5

=
[ 1-
0.7 x 382
1060 ] = 0.362
Shape factor

Sq , B =1+B sin x iq , B =1 + 0.5 sin 47 . x 1

L 2
= 1.18
Sq , L = 1 +L sin x iq , L =1 + 2 sin 47 . x
B 0.5
= 2.7
Sr ,B = 1 - 0.4 B x ir , B = 1 - 0.4 x 0.5 x 1
L ir ,L 2 0.362
= 0.724 > 0.6
Sr ,L = 1 - 0.4 L x ir , L = 1 - 0.4 x 2 x 0.362
B ir ,B
= 0.42 > 0.6 (Use)

depth factou

D = 0.5 = k=1
B 0.5
dq , B = 1 + 2 tan ( 1 - sin )2 k
= 1 + 2 tan .47 ( 1 - sin 47)2 k
= 1.15
dr ,B =1
D = 0.5 < = 0.25 1 k = 0.25
L 2
dq ,L = 1 + 2 tan ( 1 - sin )2 k
= 1 + 2 tan 47 ( 1 - sin 47) 2 x 0
= 1.04
dr ,L =1
q =
Df
=r 9.43 x 0.5 = 4.72
Nq = eII tan tan2 (45 + ) =
e tan2 (45 + 47
II tan 47
)
2 2
= 187
Nr = 1.5 (Nq - 1 ) tan = 1.5 (187 - 1) tan 47
= 299 0
qult ,B = CNc Sc ,B dc ,B ic ,B + qNqSq dq ,B iq ,B + 0.5 rBNrSr,B ir ,B
= 4.72 x 187 x 1.18 x 1.15 x 1 + 0.5 x 9.43 x 0.5 x 299 x 0.724 x 1
= 1708.08 kp a
qult = CNc Sc ,L dc ,L ic ,L + qNq ,Ldq ,L iq ,L + 0.5 r LNr Sr ,L ir ,L
= 4.72 x 187 x 2.78 x 1.04 x 0.608 x 0.362
= 2164 kpa
qult = 1708.08 kp a

(b) Vesic method

Pc = 47. Nq = 187
Nr = 2 (Nq + 1) tan = 2 (187 + 1) tan 47
= 403
Inclination factor

m = mL
2 + L/B
[
===
1 +L/B
][ ]
2 + 2/0.5

1 + 2/0.5
.2 1

m 1.2
iq =
[ 1 - HL
V + Af Ca cot
0
] [ ]
= 1 - 382
1060
= 0.585

HL m+1 3.82 2.2

ir =
[ 1 -
V + Af Ca cot
0
] [ ]
= 1-
1060
= 0.374

Shape factor

Sq =1+B tan = 1 + 0.5 tan 47 = 1.27

L 2
Sr = 1 - 0.14 B = 1 - 0.4 x 0.5 = 0.9 > 0.6
L

depth factor

k =D=1 k=1
dq = 1 + 2 tan ( 1 - sin )2k = 1 + 2 tan 47 (1 - sin 47) 2 x 1 = 1.15
dr =1
qult = CNcScdcic + qN qSqdqiq + 0.5 rB`N rSrir
= 4.72 x 187 x 1.27 x 1.15 x 0.585 x 0.5 x 9.48 x 0.5 x 403 x 0.9 x 0.374
= 1073.915 kpa
(8) E.g 4.7
Som
By usin Hansen equation
Cheek slidiry

resting P tan + CA BL 600 x tan 25 + 25x 2 x 2

Fs = = =
driving HB 200
= 1.9 > 1.5 (ok)
qult = CNcScdcicJcbc + qN qSqdqiqgqbq + 0.5 rB`BN rSrdrirgrbr
g 1 =
= 25 Nc = 20.71 , Nq = 10.7 , N r = 6.8

depth factor

D/ = 0.3 = 0.15 < 1 k = 0.15

B
dc = 1 +0.4 k = 1 + 0.4 x 0.15 = 1.06
dq = 1 + 2 tan (1 - sin )2 k
= 1 +2 tan 25 (1 - sin 25) 2 x 0.15
= 1.05
dr =1

indination factor
c
0.5 H 0.5 x 200 3
iq =
[
1 -
V + Af Ca cost ] [ = 1-
600 + 2x 2 x 25 x cot 25 ]
= 0.68
c2
(0.7 - 2/450 ) H (0.7 - 10 /450 ) 200 4
ir = [
1 -
V + Af Ca cost ] [ = 1-
600 + 2x 2 x 25 x cot 25 ]
= 0.48
1 - iq 1.68
ic = iq - = 0.68 - = 0.65
Nq - 1 10.7 - 1
Shape factor

Sc = 1 + Nq . B` . ic = 1 + 10.7 x 2 x 0.65 = 1.34

Nc L` 20.71 2
Sq = 1 + B` sin . iq = 1 +2 x sin 25 x 0.68 = 1.29
L`
Sr = 1 - 0.4 B` . ir = 1 - 0.4 x 2 x 0.48 = 0.81 > 0.6
L`

Base factor

bc =1-h =1- 10 = 0.93

147 147
bq = e (2 tan )
= e (- 2.7 x 10 x II 180 x tan 25) = 0.8
q = Df =r 17.5 x 0.3 = 5.25 kN / m2
qult = 25x 20.71 x 1.34x 1.00 x 0.65 x 1x 0.93 x 5.25x 10.7 x 1.29x 1.05 x 0.68 x
1 x 0.85 + 0.5 x 17.5 x 2 x 6.8 x 0.81 x 0.48 x 1 x 1 x 0.8
= 252.5 kPa
qa = qult = 252.5 = 175 kPa
Fs 3
qactual = P = 600 = 150 kPa (qa = 175 KPa 10k)
A 2x2
The focting dimensions are adequate.
Vesic method
qult = CNcScdcicgcbc + qN qsqdqoqgqbq + 0.5 rB`N rSrdrirgrbr
g 1 =
= 25 Nc = 20.71 , N q = 10.7 , Nr = 10.9
Shape factor

Sc = 1 + Nq . B` . ic = 1 + 10.7 x 2 = 1.52
Nc L` 20.71 2
Sq = 1 + B` tan = 1 +2tan 25 = 1.47
L` 2
Sr = 1 - 0.4 B` . ir = 1 - 0.4 x 2 = 0.6
L` 2

depth factor

D/ = 0.3 = 0.15 < 1 k = 0.15

B
dc = 1.06 , dq = 1.05 , dr = 1

Inclination factor

2+B 2+1
L
m = 1+B = 1+1 = 1.5
L

HB m 200 1.5
iq =
[
1 -
V + Af Ca cost ] = 0.66
=
[ 1-
600 + 2x 2 x 25 x cot 25 ]
HB m+1 200 2.5
ir =
[
1 -
V + Af Ca cost ] = 1-
[
= 0.49
600 + 2x 2 x 25 x cot 25 ]
1 - iq 1.68
ic = iq - = 0.66 - = 0.62
Nq - 1 10.7 - 1
Base factor
2B
bc =1- =1
5.14 tan

bq = br = (1 - tan )2 = ( 1 - 10 x II x tan 25) 2

180
= 0.84
qult = 25 x 20.71 x 1.52 x 1.06 x 0.62 x 1 x 1 + 5.25 x 10.7 x 1.47 x 1.05 x 0.66 x
1 x 0.49 x 1 x 0.84
= 612.4 kPa
qa = qult = 612.4 = 204 kP a > 150 kPa
.
= qactual ( . . ok)
.
. . The footing dimensions are (inclined)
Meyergof equation (inclined)
qult = CNcdcicSc + q NqdqiqSq + 0.5 rBNrdrirSr
= 25 Nc = 20.71 , Nq = 10.7 , N r = 6.8
kP = tan2 (45 + ) = tan2 (45 + 25 ) = 2.46
2 2
dc = 1 + 0.2 kP D = 1 + 0.2 2.46 x 0.3 = 1.05
B
dq = dr = 1 + 0.1 kP D = 1 + 0.1 2.46 x 0.3
2
= 1.02
Shape factor

Sc = 1 + 0.2 kP B = 1 + 0.2 x 2.46 x 2 = 1.49

L 2
Sq = Sr = 1 + 0.1 kP B = 1 + 0.1 x 2.46 x 1= 1.25
L
R
Inclination
o 600

c
o = tan-1 200 = 18.43 .
c

600 200
ic = iq = ( 1 - o
)2 = ( 1 - 18.43)2 = 0.63
c

90
ir = ( 1- o )2 = (1 - 18.43 )2 = 0.07
c

25
qult = 25 x 20.71 x 1.05 x 0.63 x 1.49 + 5.25 x 10.7 x 1.02 x 0.63 x 1.25 + 0.5 x
17.5 x 2 x 6.2 x 1.02 x 0.07 x 1.25
= 566 kPa
qa = 566 = 189 kPa > 150 kPa (ok)
The footing dimeruions are adequate.

(9) E.g (4.8)

Using Haneen equation

dw = 1.95 - 1.8 = 0.85

H = 0.5 B tan (45 + ) = 0.5 x 2.5 x tan (45 + 35 )
2 2
.
= 2.4 > d w
. . water table effect must be consider ed.
.
. . Use ps = 35 .
Nq = eII tan tan2 (45 + ) = eII tan 35 tan2 (45 + 35 )
2 2
= 33
N = 1.5 (Nq - 1) tan
r
= 1.5 (33 - 1) tan 35 = 39

Shape factor

Sdq = 1 + B` sin = 1 + 2.5 x sin 35 = 1.57

L` 2.5
Sr = 1 - 0.4 B` = 1 - 0.4 x 2.5 = 0.6
L`

Depth factor

D = 1.1 = 0.44 < 1 k = 0.44

B 2.5
dq = 1 + 2 tan ( 1 - sin )2 k = 1 +2 tan 35 (1 - sin 35 ) 2 x 0.44
= 1.11
dr =1
Assume w = 10% , Gs = 2.68
rd =r = 18.1 = 16.45 kN/ m 3
1 +w 1+0.1
rd = Gs rw 18.45 = 2.68 x 9.81 e = 0.6
1+e 1+e
rsat: = (Gs + e)rw = (2.68 + 0.6) 9.81= 20.1 kN/m3
1+e 1+0.6

r` = rast - rw = 20.1 - 9.81 = 10.29 kN/m3

re = (2H - dw) dw 2 rwet + r` 2 (H - dw) 2
H H
= (2 x 2.4 - 0.85) 0.8 5 x 18.1 + 10.29 2 (2.4 - 0.85) 2
2.42 2.4
= 14.84N/m 3
q = Df =r 18.1 x 1.1 = 19.91 kN/m 2
qult = CNcScdc + q NqSqdq + 0.5 reBNrSrdr
= 19.91 x 33 x 1.57 x 1.11 + 0.5 x 14.84 x 2.5 x 34 x 0.6 x 1
= 1523.43 kP a
qult 1523.43 762 kpa

10 (a) E.g (4.9)

Soln
H = 0.5 B tan (45 + ) = 0.5 x 3 x tan (45 + 0)
2
= 1.5 >d1
Layered clay
CR = C2 = 115 = 1.5 >1
C1 77
N 1.5 = 4.14 + 0.5
B = 4.14 + 0.5 x 3 = 5.37
d1 1.22
N2.5 = 4.14 + 1.1 B = 4.14 + 1.1 x 3 = 6.8
N1.5 x N2.5 x (5.37 x 6.8)
Nc.1 = x 2= x2
N1.5 + N2.5 (5.37 + 6.8)
= 6.02
Hansin

=0 Nq = 1 > Nr = 0
qult = CNcScdc + q NqSqdq

Shape factor
Sc = 1 +Ns . B` = 1 + 1 x 3 = 1.08
Nc L` 6.02 6
Sq = 1 +B` sin = 1 + 3 sin 0 = 1
L` 6

depth factor

D = 1.83 = 0.61 < 1 k = 0.61

B 3
dc = 1 +0.4 k = 1.24
dq = 1 + 2 tan (1 - sin )2 k = 1
q = Df r = 17.26 x 1.83 = 31.59 kN/ m2
qult = 77 x 6.02 x 1.08 x 1.24 + 31.59 x 1 x 1 x 1
= 652.4 kPa

10 (b) Soln

H = 0.5 B tan (45 + ) = 0.5 x 2x tan (45 + 34 )

2 2
.
= 1.88 > d 1
. . Layered dany and sand.
Using Hansen equation

(1) For sand layer ( c = 0 )

qult = q NqSqdq + 0.5 rBNrSrdr
= 34 . Nq = 29.4 , Nr = 28.7
 633
3

qult
qa = = = 2kpa
F .s
11(a) Eg 4.11
Soln
case 1
(a) - By shield’s method
qult = CNc + 1 2 r BNrq (but c=0)
From curves obtion
Nrq  120
qult = (14.85) B (120) = 89 LB
. .
(b) Kmax = 128.2 (  = 26.5 ) Kmin = 2.8 ( = 26.5 )
R = K min / Kmax = 2.8 / 128.2 = 0.022
1.000-R = 0.978
Nr = 40.0 and
40 b
Nr = + [ 0.022 + ( 0.978)]
2 2b

= 20 + 20 [ 0.022 + (0.978)]
= 20 + 20 (0.388)
= 27.8  28

At = 1.5
N  r = 20+20 (0.756) = 35) (rocnded)
rq1b.75
040
D
qult + N q + r B N r ( = 1.5, DB222=B 1.55)
N  q = 2.7
qult = 14.85 (1.5 B ) (27) + (14.85) (B) (28)
= 601 B + 207 B = 808 B < 891 B kpa
Case II Let D B = 0.0
b
B = 1.5
qult = 1 2 ( 14.85) B (35) = 260 B kpa
N q = 27 , N = 35
qult = 17.85 (0B) (27) + (14.85) (B) (35)
= 259.9 B  260 B kpa
By Haneren’s method
gr = (1-0.5 tan )5 = (1-0.5 tan 26.5)5 = 0.238
qult = 0+0+ (14.85) B (35) (1) (1) (0.238)
= 61.8kpa
11(b) Eg (4.12)
Soln
N70  F1 = 0.04 , F2 = 0.06 , F3 = 0.3 F4 = 1.2
= 1.5m > F4
B  F3 2
 qa = ( B ) kd

kd = 1+0.33  1.33
B = 1.5 kd = 1.352 >1.33
B= 2 kd = 1.264
B=3 kd = 1.176
B=4 kd = 1.132
B=5 kd = 1.11
B=6 kd = 1.09
B = 10 kd =1.05
B  0 .3 2
ga= ( ) kd
B

g-1a = x 40 = 1.6 ga

Δ H = 25mm 40 mm
B,m q kpa q kp
1.5 192 306
kpa (  H 240mm)

2 167 267
3 142 228 
 g.6B
220
a
D H
N a04 350
1.43  0.82  0.66
4 131 209 B 300
025
2F
180B2.206 4
250
5 124 199
200
6 120 192 150
10 112 178 2 4 6 8 10

12(a) Eg (4.13)
Soln

 = 20
. = 2.5 , m = 0.05 , Sf = 1.12
H = 2.5 B = 2.5 = 3 > D0 = 1.8m ( shallow fooling)
Tu = 2 Su D (B + L) + rD2 ( 2Sf B + L - B ) ku tan + w

ku = tan2 (45 + ) = tan2 (45 + ) = 2.04


ku = tan2 (45 + ) = tan (45 + ) = 1.43
2

ku = 0.65 + 0.5  = 0.65 + 0.5 x = 0.32

ku = 1 - sin = 1-sin 20 = 0.66

aug ku = + 1.24
 0.05 x1.8
Sf = 1+ = 1+ = 1.075
1 .2

w = 23.6 (1.2 x 0.6) + 17.29 ( 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.2)

= 50.27 kN
Ta = 2 x 20 x 1.8 (1.2 +1.2) +17.29 x (1.8)2 x (2 x 1.075 x 1.2 + 1.2 - 1.2)
x 1.42 tan 20 + 50.27
= 288.3 KN
288.3
Ta = = 11.5 KN
2 .5
12(b)
Ter z a ghi formula (ro unot)
Assume  = 45 , 25.15 kN / m3 , c = 3.5 x 103 kN

Ng = tan6 (45 x ) = tan6 (45+ ) = 198


NC = 5 tan4 (45 + ) = 5 tan4 (45 + ) = 170
2
Nr = Ng + 1 = 198 +1 = 199
Sc = 1.3 , Sr = 0.6
q =rDf =25.15x x3.5 = 88.03 kN / m2 (5.14
)(
280
0.19
BD 
)110.4x
L B

B 
25 
x106
60 
(
L
45
mD
12
 x
5
)
1
CNcSc+ q Ng + 0.5 rBNr Sr 1  0.SHB 
x100

qult =
22B V  A C cot  
 + 0.5 x 25.15
= 3.5 x 103 x 170 x 1.3 + 88.03x 198  x 1 x 199 x 0.6
f a

= 792431.4 kpa
= 792.4 mpa
qult = qult (RQD)2 = 792.4x0.52 = 198Mpa
198
qa = = 66Mpa FC/ = .28 mpa (ok)
3
.
15.  ps = 47
=L=2
= B = 0.2
Hansen method
Inclination method

iq,B= =1

1
 
4
0.5Hl  0.Sx382 
iq ,L = 1  V  AfCa cot   = 1  1060  =0.4S2
   
 2
 0.7 HB 
ir ,B = 1  V  AfCa cot   =1
 
2
 0.7 HL   0.7  382 
5

ir ,L = 1   = 1  =0.234
 V  AfCa cot    1060 
Shape factor
B
Sq ,B = 1  sin  x iq,B= sin 47x1=1.18
L
L 2
Sq ,L= 1   sin  x iq,L= 1 sin 47 x0.452=2.32
B 0 .5
 ir , B 1
B
Sr ,B =1-0.4 x ir,B =1-0.4 x ir ,2 =1-0.4x =0.57  0.6(use)
L .0234

2
Sr ,L = 1-0.4 x ir,B =1-0.4 x x0.234  0.63  0.6
0 .5
depth Factor
0 .5
D  k 1
B=
0 .5  1
dq,B=1+2 tan o (L-sin )2k=1+2 tan 47 (1-sin 47)2x0.25 = 1.15
dr,L=1

  47)
oqoD
5 C
q 0,.B25 01.5 k4.720.25
d
dq,L=1+2tan o (1-sin )2k-1+2tan 47(1- sin
CN qult S
.5C0,2.B
B2L0CrDf x0.25=1.04 43C x,B
i
1
dr,L=1 LF.S
 2

Nq=eII tan o tan2(45+ =eII tan 47tan2(45+ 47 2 )=187

Nr=1.5(nq-1)tan o =1.5(187-tan47=299
qult,B= + q Nq Sq , Bdq , B iq , B + 0.Sr B Nr Sr, B ir,B
= 4.72 x 187 x 1.18 x 1.15 x 1 + 0.5 x 9.43 x 0.5 x 299 x 0.6 x 1
= 1620.68kpa
qult, L= CNC SCL dC ,L iC,L + Nq Sq , Bdq , B iq ,L + 0.s r L Nr Sr,L ir,L
=4.72x187 x 2.32 x 1.04 x 0.4S2 + 0.S x 9.43 x 2 x 299 x 0.63 x 0.234
1378.26 kpa
qult = 1378.26kpa
1378.26
qa = =  4 S 9.42k . pa
3
CHAPTER (3)
Shallow Funcyion Settlements
Soluctions
16(a)Example 5.3
Q 800
qo -   200kn / m 3
A 4
At coner Z = 2m ( 1 = 2m, B = 2m )
B 
 1
z
M= L   Ir  0.175
 1
z 

= 200x 1x10.17s = 35kpa
At center ( L =1 , B = 1 ) ( m=4)
z(m) M = N = Lz = Lz Ir q  qomIr 800 Ir
0 0.25 200
1 1 1 0.175 140
2 0.5 0.5 0.084 67.2
3 0.333 0.333 0.044 35.2
4 0.25 0.25 0.027 21.6

16(b) - Eg 5.4 

1q  qomIr
B
zz
For M= N Lz Ir

0bfh 5 7  3.5
2 = 2.5 2 +0.243

-oagh 3  1.5 5  2.5 - 0.227

2 2
- oace 1  0.5 7  3.5 -0.137
2 2
oade 1  0.5 3  1.5 + 0.131
2 2
req : Ir = 0.01

 q  qmIr  400 x1x0.01  4kpa

17 (a) Eg 5.7
 B L under ( A) under (c )
Stip m= N q  qomIr  qoIr q  qomIr  qoIr
z z
1 8
1  0 .1  0 .8 0.026x 0.026 x 11  0.0238
10 10 12
1 3
2 2  0.2 0.8 6.05 x 1  (0.26 x ) (0.05 x 3 )  (0.26 x )
10 4 4 4 4
=0.006 = 0.018
3 3  0.3 0.8 (0.073x 5  (0.05 x 5 ) (0.073x 7  (0.05 x 7 )
10 12 12 12 12
= 0.0096 = 0.013
4 4  0.4 0.8 (0.093x 7  (0.073 x 7 ) (0.093x 5  (0.073 x 5 )
10 12 12 12 12
=0.012 = 0.008
5 S  0.S 0.8 (0.11x 3 )  (0.093 x 3 (0.11x 1 )  (0.093x 1 )
10 4 4 4 4
= 0.013 = 0.004
6 6  0.6 0.8 (0.122 x 11 )  (0.11x 11 ) (0.125 x 1 )  (0.11x 1 )
10 12 12 12 12
=0.014 = 0.0013
q  0.057 ksf

17(b) Eg 5.6

1q 00.069

ksf
.0022
12

qo
Q  BL
2

12345678
12345678
12345678
12345678
z  10
12345678
12345678
q
 qo 6 x8 x1
Q  BL   24k
2 2
Under A
Z10 , x 8 2  4 , Y  2 3 x6  4

R  x 2  Y 2  Z 2  11.49
3QZ 3 3x 24 x103
q    0.057 ksf
2R 5 2x(11.49)
Under C
1
Z  10, x 8 4, Y  x6  2
2 3
R  x 2  Y 2  Z 2  10.95
3QZ 3
q   0.073ksf
2RS
18 Eg 5.7]

12345678901234567890123456
12345678901234567890123456
12345678901234567890123456
12345678901234567890123456
B 33.5
12345678901234567890123456
B  
12345678901234567890123456  16.75m
2 2

Es1H 1  Es 2 H 2 42.5 x3  60 x8
Es,aV =   55.23mpa
H1  H 2 38
In centre ( m = 4)

L 11 
N   0.7  I1  0.0815
B 16.75 (table5.2) 

M
L 39.5
 1.2  I 2  0.0865
B  33.5 
 u  0.35
1 2 U
Is  I1  xI 28.086  0.1214
1  U

L  1.6 from table 5.2

B
I1 = 0.573 , I2 + 0.031
D
 0.5  If  0.75 from fig 5.7
B
1  2(0.33)
Is = 0.573 + (0.031)  0.589
1  0.33

for Es use table 5.5 with OCR

Es = 10 ( N +15) 912
=10(25+15) 912 =1200ksf
12.5 1  0.332)
H  3.4( )(
2 1200
12.5 1  0.332
H  3.4( )( )(4 x0.889)(0.75)(12) 1D
pNss B  0 .3 2
450
2 1200 2 0( .5 ) 200
kd kpa
0AB2.081.5 x1B.5
= 0.335 in H  2( 4 B )  8
B B
20.Eg 5.9
N70 =20
70
for N55 = 20 x (take25)
55  25.5
N B f 3 2 Nss B  0.3 2
qa = ( B ) kd = ( ) kd
F2 0.08 B

Assume B kd = 1+0.33  1.33 qa =

1.2 1.41 1.33 649.41
1.5 1.33 598.5
2 1.25 51.6.6
3 1.17 442.4

Assume BxB = 1.5x1.5

qau
 p 900
  400kpa
A 1.5 x1.5
qau=

Assum recommend qall = 250kpa

p 450  900
pavg = A  2
 675kN

pavg 675
qa  A  2 .7 m 3  B 2
A 250
 B=L = 1.6m ( qa = 250kpa)
In center (m-4)

D 1.5 
  0.94
B 1.6
L 
B 1  I1 = 0.66
 u  0.3 
(1N 2 xH0.3) 8 
1 2  u N  100.507
 x0.016
Is = I1 + I2 (1  0B.3 ) 6
1  u
1.  Ir  0.498
2 
M L I 2  0.016
1.6 
= 0.498 + B  1
1.6 
Table 5.6  Es =500(N+15)
= 500(25+15) =20000kpa (table)
Es = 7000
= 7000 25 = 350000kpa
Es = 600N = 6000x25 = 150000kpa
1 U 2
H  qaB mI S I f
Es

(1  0.3) 2
= 250x 0.8x x 4 x0507 x0.66
20000
=0.012m
= 12mm< H  25mm (ok)
If = 0.66
Is = I1 +

=0.437 +
Es = 20000kpa
1  u
  qa MIsIf
Es
(1  302)
. =250x1.6x x1x0.455 x0.66
2000
= 0.0055m
= 5.5mm

21(b) eg 5.6 table 2.5

Cc = 0.32
Ca = 0.032Cc = 0.032(0.32) = 0.01
1. Tlab = 100min = 24x60x365 = 525600min in 1 year
Tfield H 2 field
2.  H 1ab
Tlab
Hlab = 0.7s/2 inched
Hfield = loft += 120in
120 2
t field= 100( )
0.375 
1Ca
1122u133
(
2100 0.3).9
0.032
I 2 .x30
233 .031
kpa  0kpa
19130 .455
10240000 Ca 1u00..3007
1E19
= =19.5years
525600
t2
Hs  HsCa log
t1
t2 = 30yr , t1 = 19.5 yr , Hs = 10ft
30
Hs  10(0.010) log( )  0.019 ft  0.23in
19.5
22 eg5.12

qh = qo Ko
 1 = qo - qh
= qo (1-ko) = 1- 3

qo =
from table Es -12
D
At 0
B
 1 = qo (1-ko) = 233.3 (1-0.426) = 133.9 kpa
E1 = 7x 10-3

Es =
 0.75m x 7 + 1.5m x (4.6+1.8+ 1.0) +0.75m x0.6
= 16.8mm

Es =
= 23.29x 103kpa
1=59 -525

H=
23eg5.14
GS =2.7
WN = water content = 35.6% (from fig E5.14a)

ea =

e 0.960  0.930 0.030

P2
   0.035
log P1 log 0.114 0.854
Cr =

1.00  0.68 0.32

  0.32
log 101 1
Cc =

From table 2.5,

Cc = 0.009(Wl - 10)=0.009(78-10)=0.612
Cc = 0.37(eo + 0.003Wl + 0.009WN - 0.34)
= 0.37

1W
30.o.500

P LGs .0(13
19
375 59.525
26 8)6)P0C.004(35.6)3  0.34 30.37
.)(
N96 .003 (78
qo (  1.06.(356
OCR ( 2
5.857 7)20
.ksf15.)04.. x10.5 m25.15
961
324 3)10
.3mm
16Es
100 2
.84 8 x8 23290 P0

16 16
dx = 
375 375 
1. ph   
6
(8  z ) 2
 8  z 6
1  375 375 
p      1.12ksf
10  24 14 

 2.87  0.64 
2. qH  2.5  1.82  1.22  0.86 
 2 
= 14.14
H = 10ft
p  14.14
10  1.14ksf ( pressure bulbs = 1.51)
Po =0.110(363.3-349) = 1.485 +(0.110-0.624)) (349.5-342.0)= 0.356
total effective press = 1.841ksf
=1.5tsf = 3.00ksf

0CR =
p  1.84  1.41  3.25ksf

=0.038ft
0.032(10) 3.00  0.25
H 2  log  0.57 ft
1.96 3.00
H total  0.09sf
= 0.09Sx12
=1.14in

24 eg.5.15

Po = (3+1.2)17.29+ (18.86-9.81)93kpa

Cc = 0.009((50-10)=0.36
29.6
eo = wgs = x 2.65  0.784
100
CcH P  P
H  log o
1  eo Po
0.36 x 4.5 93  P
= log
1  0.784 93
 .1035 ksf 1.16
93  p 4.P
1B
H hp5110
742.125
2840.Pm
qq
.41 
0.Pn.25)  12 .116
006
(10
 log
0p.13
.84
 p 30.08qo 0

qoP1  qo
.12
=0.91 l0g __________ 1 4B2B.5 qq 1220.96
DD H 3.00 
93 oo

from fig (5-4)

D(m)

-3 1.25 0.25 0.63 0.6 0.42 0.77

-4.5 1.88 0.13 0.94 0.4 0.63 0.6
-6 2.5 0.08 1.25 0.25 0.85 0.4
-7.5 3.13 0.06 1.56 0.17 1.04 0.34

the average stressw by the trapezoidal,

H = 4.5m
h = 1.5m
for B = 4.8m
for B = 7.2m

580
P 4.8  0.35qo  qo  0.35  8.8kpa
7 .8 2
580
P7.2  0.52qo  0.52  5.8kpa
7 .2 2
from eg(1)
93  12
H 2.4 = 0.91 log  0.048m  48mm
93
93  8.8
= 0.91 log  0.036m  36mm
93
93  5.8
= 0.91 log  0.024 m  24mm
93


1
70
.H5B
2
(m )
 003474
0.4.76 .17 580
P2. 4 250..512 qo0.40.012  0qo
.06.x25 .4qo012 52
0kpa
.35.qo qo0.13  0.08qo  0.12qo
55
4 .5 22 2 .4 2

H  40mm  B  3.9m

26 N70 =20

N55 =20 x (take 25)

N BF Nss B  0.3 2

qa = F  ( B ) kd  0.08 (
3 2
) kd
2 B
 Nss B  0.3 2
Assume B kd =1+0.33 D B  1.33 qa  ( ) kd
0.08 2
1.2 1.41  1.33 649.41
1.5 1.33 598.5
2 1.25 516.6
3 1.17 442.4

Asumme BxB =2x2m

900
q= =  255kpa
2 x2

P 1800
q= =  450 kpa
A 2x2
Asume recommend qa = 300kpa
900  1800
Pavg = = 1350kN
2

qa =
B = 2.12m
BxL = 2.12m ( qa = 300 kpa)
In center (m -4)

(P1N 2Hx0.3) 81350 
Navg A   7 . 554.5  B 2
AA(1 B0.3) 2.212300 I1  0.477

L 2.12 I 2  0.021
m  1 
B 2.12 

L 
1 
B  If  0.72

 u  0.3

(1  2  u )
Is = I1 + I 2 = 0.477 + x 0.021 = 0.489
1  u
table 5.6  Es = 500 ( N + 15) = 500 ( 25 + 15) =20000kpa (take)
Es = 7000 = 7000 25 = 35000kpa
Es = 6000N = 6000x25 = 150000kpa
1 u 2
H  qa B mIsIf
Es
(1  0.32 )
= 300 x 1.06 x x 4x 0.489 x 0.72
20000
= 0.02m = 20mm < H  25mm (ok )
CHAPTER (4)

Mat Foundations
Solution
27(a) eg6.1

qnet(u) = 5.14 Cu

= 5.14x95x
ı = 59S.92kN/m

eg6.2
Df Se
qnet (ak)(Kn/m2) = 11.98(N1)60(1+0.33 )( )
B 2S

15.93(N1)60( )

= 11.98x10x
=127.71kn/m2<159.3kn/m2
eg 6.3
0.195 B Df Se 0.1195 B2 25 Df
5.14Cc(1 
L
)(1  0.4 x
B
) (1av 0.33(xt )(41m 0.415
 .93kn / m 2
b ))
FS = Q 2S 6 L 10   25  B
 rDf
A

 0.195 B   Df 
(5.14)(2800) 1   1  0.4 x
 L  B 
=  25 x106 
 60 x100   (120 x5)

= 4.66

27(b) eg 4.6

Q =200x103kN
Q 200 x103
q =  rdf   (15.7)(2)  166.67  31.4  135.27 kN / m 2
A 30 x 40

 t,4 m m b (from table 6..3)

7 15
n1 = ( B )  ( 30 )  1.0
2 2
 L 40
m1 =   1.33
B 30
 t
 0.75
q

for the middle of the clay layer

n1 =

L
m1=  1.33
B
 t
 0.66
q

At the bottom of clay layer ,

Z 21
n1 = ( B )  ( 30 )  1.4
2 2

L
m1 =  1.33
B
 b
 0.58
Z   78
Bbmt  / m2 2
q 18..46
89 3Kn kNm 6 2
4(15
(30 7) )(
0.75 1135
.13 .27.1) 9101
2 (19 .81.)4kN (/18
m.6  9.81)
( q2 ) ( 2 ) 2

 av 
1
101.4S  (89.3)  78.46 =89.SkN/m2
6
consolidation Settlement
CcHc  o   av
SC(p)= log
1  eo  o

= 209.49 kN/m2
(0.28)(6 x1000)  209.94  89.5 
SC(p)= log 
1  0 .9  209.94 
= 136.4mm
28 Example 6.5

Column dead load (DL) = 100 + 180 + 190 + 110 + 180 + 360 + 400 + 200 + 190
+ 400 + 440 + 200 + 120 + 180 + 180 + 120
= 3550 kip
Column live load (LL) = 60 + 120 + 120 + 70 + 120 + 200 + 250 + 100 + 130 +
+ 240 + 300 + 120 + 70 + 120 + 120 + 70
= 2230 kip
Service load (p) = DL + LL = 5780 kip
Factorer load (Pu) = 1.4D + 1.7L
= 1.4 x 3550 + 1.7 x 2230
= 8761 kip
Ix = 76 x 96 3 = 5603 x 10 3 ft4
12
Iy = 96 x 76 3 = 3512 x 10 3 ft4
12
~ My` = 0
5780 x = 24 (300 + 560 + 640 + 300) + 84 (310 + 650 + 740 + 300) + 72 (180 +
= 320 + 320 + 190)
x ~ = 36.664 ft
M`x = 0
5780 y = 30 (320 + 640 + 740 + 320) + 60 (300 + 560 + 650 + 320) + 90 + (160 +
300 + 310 + 180)
y = 44.273 ft
ex = x - 72 = 0.64 ft
2
ex = y - 90 = 0.27 ft
2
Mx = Qey = 8761 x ( - 0.727) = - 6369.25 k . ft
My = Qex = 8761 x (0.664) = 5817.3 k . ft
q =Q + Myx + Mxy
A Iy Ix
= 8761 + 5817.3 x 3 - 6369 . 25 y 3
96 x 76 3512 x 10 5603 x 10
= 1.2 + 0.0017 x - 0.0011 y (k/ft 2)
 Point x (ft) y (ft) q 0.0017x - 0.0011 y q (ksf)
A
A - 38 48 1.2 - 0.065 - 0.053 1.83
B - 24 48 1.2 - 0.041 - 0.053 1.106
C - 12 48 1.2 0.02 - 0.053 1.127
D 0 48 1.2 0 - 0.053 1.147
E 12 48 1.2 0.02 - 0.053 1.168
F 24 48 1.2 0.041 - 0.053 1.188
G 38 48 1.2 0.065 - 0.053 1.212
H 38 - 48 1.2 0.065 - 0.053 1.317
I 24 - 48 1.2 0.041 0.053 1.294
J 12 - 48 1.2 0.02 0.053 1.273
K 0 - 48 1.2 0 0.053 1.253
L - 12 - 48 1.2 - 0.02 0.053 1.232
M - 24 - 48 1.2 - 0.041 0.053 1.212
N - 38 - 48 1.2 - 0.065 0.053 1.188
.
. . The soil pressure at all points are less than the given value of q all (net) : 1 :Skft 2

29. Example 6.6

(a) for the critical perimeter column,

Vu = 1.4 D + 1.7 L
d 2 = 1.4 x 190 + 1.7 x 130
12 24
D = 190 = 487 k
L = 130
d bo = 2 (36 + d ) + ( 24 + d)
24
2 2
d 2 = 96 + 2d
36 + d
2
Vc = 0.85 x 4 x f`c bod = 0.85 x 4 x 3000 x (96 + 2d) d x 1
12 100
= (0.186) (96 + 2d) d

Vc > Vu
0.186 (96 + 2d) d = 487
d = 19.42
for critical internal column,

Vu = 1.4 D + 1.7 L
d 24 = 1.4 x 440 + 1.7 x 130
2 D = 190
24 + d L = 130 = 1126 kip
bo = 4 (24 + d ) + ( 96 + 4d)
d = 96 + 2d
2

24 + d
 Vc = 0.85 x 4 x f`c bod = 0.85 x 4 x 3000 x (96 + 4d) d x 1
100
= 0.186 (96 + 4d) d
Vc > Vu
0.186 (96 + 4d) d = 1126
. d = 28.7 in (control)
. . Use d = 29
.
. . The total depth , h = 29 + 1 + 33 = 33
(b) For strip ABMN, (14 ft width)

q1 = qA + qB = 1.083 + 1.106 = 1.095 ksf

2 2
q2 = qM + qN = 1.212 + 1.188 = 1.2 ksf
2 2
For stirp BCD klm (24 ft width)

q1 = qB + q c + q D = 1.106 + 1.127 + 1.147 = 1.127 ksf

3 3
q2 = qM + q k + q N = 1.212 + 1.253 + 1.232 = 1.232 ksf
3 3
For strip DEFIJK (24 ft width)
q1 = qD + q E + q F = 1.147 + 1.168 + 1.188 = 1.68 ksf
3 3
q2 = qH + qI = 1.17 + 1.294 = 1.06 ksf
2 2
Soil reactions for
Strip ABMN =
1.096 + 1.2 (14 x 96) = 1542.24 kip
2
Strip BCDKLM = 1.127 + 1.232 (24 x 96) = 2718.72 kip
2
Strip DEFIJK = 1.168 + 1.273 (24 x 96) = 2812.03 kip
2
Strip FGHJ = 1.2 + 1.306 (14 X 96) = 1684.03 kip
2
= 8757.02 kip pu=8761 k (ok)
(c) Reinfoucement design for strip BCDKLM (24 width)

Q1 = 1.4 (180) + 1.7 (120) = 456 kip

Q2 = 1.4 (360) + 1.7 (200) = 844 kip
Q3 = 1.4 (400) + 1.7 (240) = 968 kip
Q4 = 1.4 (180) + 1.7 (120) = 456 kip
 456 k 844 k 968 k 456 k

C 3I 30I 30I 30I

0.86
27.18 k/ft

1.64

2.5
2.42
27.96 k/ft
28.74 k/ft
28.74 k/ft
459.02 k
k/ft
29.6
452.52 k

364.92 k
81.42 k

13.59 16.71 13.81 16.19 17.47 12.53

374.88 k
91.05 k

391.98 k

508.9 k

229612
1289.79
122.13
130.62

1420

2150

2423.14

BB TB BB TB BB TB BB
BB = Bottom bars
TB = top bars
Compression C = 0.85 f`cab
Tinsion T = As fy
C = T
0.85 f`cab = As fy
a = As x 60 = 1.961 As
0.85 x 3 x 12
Mn = As fy (d - a)
Mu = 0.9 x As x 60 x (29 - 1.961 As)
2
For bottom bars (Mu = 2296 = 95 - 7)
24
95.7 x 12 = 0.9 x As x 60 (29 - 1.961 As)
2
As = 0.952 in2/ft
~

As (min) = min bd = 200 bd = 200 x 12 x 24 = 1.16 in2/ft (control)

. fy 60000
. . Use 9 bars at 10 C (As = 1.2 in2/ft)
For top bars [ Mu = 2423.14 =101 k-ft/ft]
. 24
. . Control As = As (min) = 1.16 in2/ft
.
. . Use 9 bars e 1011 C (As = 1.2 in2/ft)

30. For the critical perimeter column,

d 2
Vu = 1.7 x 1500 = 2.550 MN
d bo = (0.5 + d) x 2 + (0.5 + d)
1500 2

kN
= 1.5 + 2d
Vc = 0.85 x 0.34 x f`c bod
d 2 = 0.85x 0.34 x 20.7 x (1.5 + 2d) d
= 1.314 ( 1.5 = 2d)d
Vc > Vu
1.315 (1.5 + 2d) d = 2.55
d = 0.68 m
For the critical internal column,
bo = 4 (0.5 + d) = 2+4d
Vc = 0.85 x 0.34 f`c bod
0.5
= 0.85 x 0.34 20.7 x (2 + 4d)d
d 2 1500 0.5 = 1.315 (2 + 4d) d
kN

d 2
Vc > Vu
1.315 (2 + 4d) = 2.55
d = 0.49 m Use d = 0.68 m
The total depth, h = 0.68 m + 0.0254 + (3 x 0.0254)
= 0.782 m
= 0.8 m

BY
TU (Pathein)
ptntu001@gmail.com
042-24102/24387/28702
09-5202967