Systems Analysis and Design 

ITC 240 TUTORIAL 1

Saeed Peyman
ID# 33705

Essay Questions
1. List and define the six major SDLC phases.

Planning: identify the needs of the organization, the resources, the problems, determine the scope of
the system, consider the cost and benefits, and anticipate the total time required to finish it.

Analysis: gather information about the system’s requirement and structure them.

Design: converts the requirements into a design for the system, has two phase, logical design and
physical design, the technologies to be used, time and budget for the project is considered.

Implementation: make a working system considering the specifications and requirements, the interface
is then tested, installed and we determine the support for it in the organization.

Maintenance: make any additional changes the user wants, continually change the system according to
the market needs.

2. List and define the three classes of information systems.

1.Transactional Processing Systems (TPS): It is the class of information systems that is
used for business transactions such as the collection, modification, and retrieval of
transaction data. It is process oriented. Example: The applications for checkout sections of
Online retailer.

2. Management Information Systems (MIS): It is the class of information systems that is

used to convert raw data from transactional processing system into meaningful form. It is
data oriented and produces regular reports Example: Inventory management systems, 3.

3. Decision Support Systems (DSS): It is the class of information systems that collects,
organizes, and analyzes business data to make quality decision making for operation and
planning easier. It is used to help organizations identify problems, solve problems, and make
decisions. Example: Google analytics

3. What are methodologies, techniques, and tools?

Methodologies: A multiple step approach to system development to guide our work and an
influence on the quality of the final product of IS.

Techniques: Are particular processes that helps ensure that the work that we are doing is
complete, well though-out, and comprehensible to other people in the team working on the
project.
Tools: These are basically computer programs that we use for different methodologies to do
a particular function.
Systems Analysis and Design ITC 240 TUTORIAL 1

4. Define process-oriented approach and data-oriented approach.

Process-Oriented approach focuses on the flow, usage, and transformation of data in an

information system. It entails the creation of graphical representations like data flow
diagrams (DFDs) and charts. Data is tracked from its source to its final destination, passing
through intermediary processes. The data's inherent structure isn't stated in the Process-
Oriented approach.
The data-oriented approach depicts optimal data organization and is unaffected by where or
how data is used. The data model describes the various types of data as well as the
business relationships that exist between them, and business rules describe how a company
collects and analyzes data.

Matching Questions
Match each of the following terms with its corresponding definition.
a. data 2
b. information 3
c. data flow 1
d. processing logic 4
e. database 5

1. A group of data that move through an information system and a description of the sources and
destinations for each.

2. Raw facts about people, objects, and events in an organization.

3. Data that have been processed and presented in a form suitable for human interpretation, often with
the purpose of revealing trends or patterns.

4. The steps by which data are transformed or moved and a description of the events that trigger the
occurrence of these steps.

5. A shared collection of logically related data designed to meet the information needs of multiple users
in an organization.

Match each of the following IS characteristics with its corresponding IS type. (Answers may occur more than
once.).
a. transaction processing system 3
b. management information system 1,4
c. decision support system, 2,5,6

1. May involve forecasting future data from historical trends and business knowledge.
Systems Analysis and Design ITC 240 TUTORIAL 1

2. Provides guidance in identifying problems, finding and evaluating alternative solutions, and selecting
or comparing alternatives.

3. High-volume, data capture focus.

4. Draws on diverse yet predictable data resources to aggregate and summarize data.

5. Potentially involves groups of decision makers.

6. Often involves semi-structured problems and the need to access data at different levels of detail.