MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN

DIRECCIÓN NACIONAL DE MEDIA / PROGRAMA DE JOVENES Y ADULTOS

MODULO
Centro Educativo: Sara Victoria Campbell
Docente: Katherine Y. Rodríguez C.
Estudiante: José Ortiz
DÉCIMO GRADO
INGLES
Personal Growing and Success (greetings)
 Greetings, introductions, personal information and leavetaking in formal and informal
situations.
Grammar in context for communicative purposes:
First of all, we will review some of the vocabulary and grammatical structures behind the
sentences about greetings and introductions in Spanish. To introduce yourself in
Spanish, you can start with a phrase like “HOLA” or “BUENOS DIAS”. Then you can say
your name with: [MY NAME + NAME] or [MY NAME IS + NAME] as in this example:
“Hello! My name is Alex". You can also say your name using the verb SER with the
structure [YO SOY + NOMBRE] as in “Yo soy Alex”. To ask names in Spanish, you can
use How are you called? o What is your name? It is a polite sign to use expressions like
MUCHO GUSTO after hearing someone else's name.

• Simple Present • -s endings of verbs

Present Simple - Spanish Verbs
Regular verbs
To conjugate regular verbs in the present tense in the indicative mood, we take the
infinitive form of the verb as we find it in the dictionary, we remove the infinitive ending (-
ar, -er or –ir) and replace it with the corresponding personal termination. The root of the
verb stays the same. The personal endings are as follows for the present tense of the
indicative mood:

Note: Most Spanish verbs belong to the group ending in –ar.

Irregular verbs
With irregular verbs we use the same personal endings as with regular verbs. In many
cases with irregular verbs you will find changes in the spelling of the verb stem in its
personal forms. There are some Spanish irregular verbs in which the irregularity in the
Present Indicative mood is only present in the first person. The rest of the people follow
a regular pattern. With other Spanish irregular verbs we will find the irregularity in some
vowels of the verb root. The changes will affect the people I (I), you (you), he / she / you
(he, she, it) and them, them (they).

• -ing spelling • Wh-questions -Yes/ no Questions and Answers

Personal Growing and Success (jobs)
The Wh - questions are the interrogative particles what, how, who, whose, where, when,
why, which, which are used to ask questions in English. Next I will show you some
examples with each of the questions with wh.
1. What (what, which)
What’s that? (What's that?)
What do you want? (What do you want?).
2. How
How are things? (How are things? / How is everything?).
3. Who (who)
Who is talking on the phone? (Who is talking on the phone?).
4. Whose (whose)
Whose that dog? (Who's that dog?).
5. Where (where)
En donde Vives? (Where do you live?).
6. When
When is the wedding? (When is the wedding?).
7. Why
Why are you laughing? (Why are you laughing?)
8. Which (which, which, which)
Which one is better? (Which is better?)

Recognizing words and expressions related to job opportunities.

Using polite expressions and vocabulary in interviews Reading articles about different
occupations. Scanning and inferring a text for main ideas and supporting information.
Performing oral tasks related to job affairs.
Researching about requirements for different types of jobs.
Writing a paragraph describing their ideal job using the grammar structure provided.
The interview is a very useful technique in qualitative research to collect data; it is
defined as a conversation that proposes a specific purpose other than the simple act of
talking.3 It is a technical instrument that takes the form of a colloquial dialogue. Canales
defines it as "the interpersonal communication established between the researcher and
the subject of study, in order to obtain verbal answers to the questions posed about the
proposed problem" .2 Heinemann proposes to complement it, the use of other types of
stimuli, for example visuals, to obtain useful information to solve the central question of
the investigation.

It is argued that the interview is more effective than the questionnaire because it obtains
more complete and in-depth information, it also presents the possibility of clarifying
doubts during the process, ensuring more useful answers.

The interview is very advantageous mainly in descriptive studies and in the exploration
phases, as well as to design data collection instruments (the interview in qualitative
research, regardless of the model that is decided to use, is characterized by the
following elements: it has The purpose is to obtain information in relation to a certain
topic; the information collected is sought to be as accurate as possible; it is intended to
achieve the meanings that the informants attribute to the topics in question; the
interviewer must maintain an active attitude during the development of the interview, in
which the interpretation is continuous in order to obtain a deep understanding of the
interviewee's speech). The interview is often complemented by other techniques
according to the specific nature of the investigation.

 Grammar in context for communicative purposes:

• Future tense: will / going to • Adverbs of frequency
In English there are basically two ways of expressing the future, with notable differences
between the two. We speak of "going to" and "will."

We generally use "to be + going to + infinitive verb" for actions that are going to happen
very soon or to express a plan that you have.

We use "Will" is used to express a promise, a prediction or something that you want to
do in the future.

"Going to"
The future tense with "going to" is more commonly used in spoken language when
referring to the immediate future, that is, to something that is about to happen.

Examples:

She is going to pay with a credit card = She is going to pay with a credit card
(something that is about to happen).
I am going to drop off my prescription over there = I am going to drop my prescription
there.
It is also used to talk about intentions or plans to do something:

Example:

I'm going to learn English = I'm going to learn English.

It is formed with the verb «to be» conjugated for the corresponding person, followed by
«going to» and the base verb:
«To be» + «going to» + verb:
I am going to pay = I am going to pay.
You are going to pay = you are going to pay.
He is going to pay = he is going to pay.
She is going to pay = she is going to pay.
It is going to pay = that is going to pay.
We are going to pay = we are going to pay.
You are going to pay = you are going to pay.
They are going to pay = they / they are going to pay.
"Will"
The future with "will" is used to talk about decisions that are made while speaking:

Examples:

I need to get my medicine. I will go to the pharmacy tonight.

I need to buy my medicine. I'm going to the pharmacy tonight.
I need some cash. I will pay with my debit card and ask for cash back.
I need some cash. I will pay with my debit card and request cash back.
It is also used to say general predictions:

Examples:

I'm sure it will rain tomorrow.

I'm sure it's going to rain tomorrow.
Gerardo Gómez will win the election.
Gerardo Gómez is going to win the elections.
It is formed with the verb «will» + verb:
I will pay later.
You will pay later.
He will pay later.
She will pay later.
It will pay later.
We will pay later.
You will pay later.
They will pay later.

Ecology
Natural resources
Ecology is the branch of biology that studies the relationships of different living beings
with each other and with their environment: "the biology of ecosystems." Study how
these interactions between organisms and their environment affect properties such as
distribution or abundance.

-Conservation policies
Environmental policy refers to the actions that the government takes to care for or
protect the environment, as a result of the interaction of economic and social political
interests, to conserve the natural bases of human life and achieve sustainable
development.

-Causes, effects and Prevention of environmental Pollution.

Human activity is one of the main causes of pollution. Technological development has
made important strides to improve the quality of life, but it has also had a significant
negative impact on the environment. For example:

Industrial development.
Excessive use of gasoline or diesel vehicles.
Gas emission.
Production and indiscriminate use of plastic.
Large production of non-biodegradable waste.
Population growth.
The need to extract more natural resources.
The rise of cattle breeding.

Grammar in Context for communicative purposes:

-Adjectives/adverbs
- Modals: could, have to, must, may, might - if clauses
-Conjunctions: but, and, and or
The verbs of will and shall are generally used to form a future tense: in the first face of
the single number, it will be used, and it should, in all other cases.

Simply put, if the pronoun I am subject to use in your suggestion (translated - "i") or we
(we), then you must use the verb.

This rule can be illustrated by the table:

But it is important to know what this outdated rule is, in modern English the verb is not
used at all. For the future of education. All faces apply the verb. And the verb will need
only to read old proofs.

There are 8 main verbs that are subject to various rules, and 5 words that are not
modal, but are suitable for some of these rules.

Remember that basic modal verbs are simple:

Mmm - must, can, could;

WW - Will, I would;

Cc - can, could;

Ss - shall, drag.
Science and Technology
Technology
It is known that science and technology have become branches of activity inseparable
from the life and progress of society for several decades. Both concepts are so
interrelated today that they have come to be considered as one. The study of its origins,
however, reveals notable differences. In order to pragmatically formalize both concepts
and delimit their spheres of action, their definitions, characteristics and
interdependencies are exposed. Both science and technology justify their existence in
the search and development of products, services, means, tools and other entities,
capable of satisfying human needs and life in general.

-Housing Chores
Household chores are those that are performed regularly in the home, such as cooking,
setting and serving the table, cleaning, tidying up, doing the daily shopping or other
purchases, paying bills, maintaining household equipment or caring for of children and
dependents.

-Medicine
A drug is one or more drugs integrated into a pharmaceutical form, presented for sale
and industrial or clinical use, and intended for use in humans or animals.

-Agriculture
Agriculture is the set of economic and technical activities related to the treatment of the
soil and the cultivation of the land for the production of food. It comprises a whole set of
human actions that transforms the natural environment.

-Engineering -Education
Engineering education is the activity of teaching knowledge and principles to the
professional practice of engineering. Includes initial education (Bachelor's and / or
Master's) for the journey of becoming an engineer, and any further education and
specializations that follow.

-Communication Nutrition
-Healthy Habits.
Eating a healthy diet throughout life helps prevent malnutrition in all its forms, as well
as different non-communicable diseases and disorders. On the other hand, a poor diet
can reduce immunity, increase the predisposition to certain diseases and alter physical
and mental development.

-Health Problems Grammar in context Modal: would How much / how many Quantifiers.
(a lot, few, a few, many less, others) -Countable or uncountable nouns
Ought to: the modal verb of exams
Modal verbs are those that need another verb to make sense. The best known are can,
could, should, might, will, must… And, of course, ought to. Of course, the use of this
modal verb is very formal and is not used in American English.

Ought to: translation

The verb ought to has the same meaning as should: should, should. You may be
wondering: "So why learn it if I already know the use of should?" Well, because if you
will have an exam soon, it is most likely that you will drop some exercise with ought to.

The structure of a sentence with ought to is as follows:

Subject + ought + to + main verb + complements

In the case of denial:

Subject + ought + not + to + main verb + complements

And asking a question:

Ought + subject + to + main verb in infinitive + complements?

It is important to remember that no modal verb carries to (we don't say can to or should
to) except ought to, which always carries it.

Sentences with ought to

After reviewing its use and meaning, let's look at some sentences with ought to:

You ought to rest a little more - You should rest a little more
My mother ought not to spend so much money - My mother should not spend so much
money
The kid oughtn’t go alone to the park - The kid should not go alone to the park
Your father ought not help you with your homework - Your father should not help you
with your homework
We ought to go by plane - We should go by plane
You ought to be more helpful with your grandparents - You should be more helpful with
your grandparents
You ought not use that as a toy - You should not use that as a toy
He ought to be more careful when driving - (He) should be more careful when driving
Parking ought to be free of charge for residents - Parking should be free for residents
What kind of knowledge ought I have? - What kind of knowledge should (he) have?