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    Aashto M 160m 90

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    Aashto M 160m 90

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    Mangihot Lumban Batu
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    Aashto m 160m 90

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    Aashto M 160m 90

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    Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Steel Plates, Shapes, Sheet Piling and Bars for Structural Use AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 160/M 160M-90" 1. SCOPE LL This specification covers a group ‘of common requirements, which, unless ‘otherwise specified in the material specifi- cation, apply to rolled stec! plates, shapes, sheet piling, and bars under each of the specifications issued by the American ‘Association of State Highway and Trans- portation Officials, or the American Soci- ety for Testing Materials (see table entitled “Common Requirements”), NOTE 1—The specifications shown under ‘Scope are oly thase adopted by AASHTO. The requirements of ASTM A 6/A 6M are also applicable to ASTM specifications not shown bere 1.2 Annex Al lists permissible varia tions in dimensions and mass (Note 1) in ‘SI (metric) units. The values listed are not ‘exact conversions ofthe values in Tables 1 through 31 but are, instead, rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to ‘Annex Al is mandatory when the “M” specification designation is used. NOTE 2—The term “weight” is used when inch-pound units are the standard; however, Under SI, the prefered term is “mass.” 1.3 Annex A2 lists the dimensions of some shape profiles. 1.4 Appetdix X1 describes the pro- duction and some of the characteristics of coiled product from which structural plate ‘may be produced. 1.5. This specification also covers a g10up of supplementary requirements that are applicable to several of the above spec- iffcations as indicated therein. These are | sce fr Noe 1 Note ote 3, ad Note 4 ad ieaion of 15.3, this specifica ares with ASTM nonemes 184 (ASTM DESIGNATION: A 6/A 6M-88c) ‘Comnmon Requirements ‘AASHTO ASTM Designation Designation Tithe of Specification MIGGM 183M A36IA36M Structural Stel M202(M 202M = A328/A 328M Steel Sheet Piling M24/M24M — ASIMASIM High-Yield Suength, Quencbed and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate Suitable for Welding M22304223M —AST2/AST2M_——_High-Stength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Stels of Strctural Quality M222/M 222M —ASSB/AS8EM ——_High-Szength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with $0,000 psi ‘Minimum Yield Point to 4 in. Thick Mz0 AT Seructural Stel for Bridges provided for use whea additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. 1.6 Incase of any conflict in require- meats, the requirements ofthe individual material specification shall prevail over those of this general specification. 1.7 The parchaser may specify add tiooal requirements that do pot negate any ofthe provisions ofthis general specifica: tion o of the individual material specifi- cations. Such additional requirements, the acceptance of which are subject to negoti- ation withthe supplier, must be included in the order information (see Section 4). 1.8 For purposes of determining con: formance with this specification and the various material specifications referenced in 1.1, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-hand place of fig~ ures used in expressing the limiting valves in accordance with the rounding method of Recommended Practice R 11 1.9. The values stated in either inch- pound units or SI units are tobe regarded as standard, Within the text, the ST units re shown in brackets. The values stated in each system must be used indepen- dently ofthe other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non- conformance with the specification. 1.10 This specification and the appli- cable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SLunits), the material shall be furnished in inch-pound units 2, REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1 AASHTO Standards: 7243 Impact Testing of Struc- tural Steel Mechanical Testing of ‘Steel Products Recommended Practice for Indicating Which Places of Figures are to be Considered Significant in Specified Limiting Values ASTM Standards: ‘4700 Recommended Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for ‘Steel Products for Domestic Shipment Methods, Practices, and Definitions for Cheraical ‘Analysis of Steel Prod vets T244 RU 22 ATI M160 E112. Estimating the Average Grain Size of Metals E208 Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility ‘Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels 2.3. American Welding Society Standards: ASA Mild Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes ASS. Low-Alloy Steel Covered ‘Are-Welding Electrodes 24 Miltary Standards: MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Sorage MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Prod- ucts Preparation for Ship- meat and Sorage 25° Federal Sandard: Fed. Std, No. 123. Marking for Shipments (Civil Agea- cies) 3. DESCRIPTIONS OF TERMS SPECIFIC TO THIS ‘STANDARD 3A Plates (other than floor plates or coiled product) —Flat hot rolled steel elas- sified as follows: B.A When Ordered to Thickness: BALA Over 8 in. (200 mm} in width and 0.230 in. fover 6 mm} or over in thickness, BALL.2 Over 48 in. (1200 am) in width and 0.180 in. (over 4.5 mm] or over in thickness. 3.1.2 When Ordered to Weight: B.L.21 Over 8 in. (200 mm) in width and 9.392 Ib/f? [over 47.10 kg/m?] or heavier. 3.1.2.2 Over 48 in. (1200 mn] in width and 7.350 Ib/f? (over 35.32 kg/m?) cot heavier. 3.1.3 Slabs, sheet bars, and skelp, though frequently falling in the foregoing size ranges, are not classed as plates. 3.1.4 Coiled product is excluded from ‘qualification to this specification until cut to length (see 5.3.2). 3.2 Shapes (Flanged Sections) 3.2.1 StructuralSize Shapes—Rolled flanged section having at least one dimen- sion of the cross section 3 in. (75 mm] or greater. Structural shape size groupings “used for tensile property classification are listed in Table A. =. ee ee 3.2.2 Bar Size Shopes—Rolled flanged sections having a maximum dimension of the cross section less than 3 in. (75 mm]. 3.2.3 “W" Shapes are doubly: symmetric wide-flange shapes used as beams of columns whose inside flange surfaces are substantially parallel. A shape having essentially the same nomioal weight and dimensions as a “W" shape listed in the tabulation but whose inside flange surfaces are not parallel may also bbe considered a “W” shape having the same nomeclature as the tabulated shape, provided its average flange thickness is essentially the same as the flange thick- ness of the “W" shape. 3.2.4 “HP” Shapes are wide-flange shapes generally used as bearing piles ‘whose flanges and webs are of the same ‘nominal thickness and whose depth and ‘width are essentially the same. 3.2.5 “S" Shapes are doubly-symmet- ric shapes produced in accordance with dimensional standards adopted in 1896 by the Association of American Steel Manu- facturers for American Standard beam shapes. The essential part ofthese stan- 9001 1,086 inl} Wal x M4 Stine WIS x 1810 1S2incl 3B X 2010 24L ie WIP x 21000336 nc [W500 x Goto ES ne) [WED x 17610226] (HAO % 29910389 net] WHO x 313 co 500 inl) Wid x 351071 inc W200 « 9940 211 vet WHE X 14510211 ioe Peed 5 5210 106 oct) (WIE 147 W318 inet] (W36O x 21610 314 inl WI6 x 2610 STinct 27 x 440 178 inc W12 x 129101905 [WEI0 388085 inet) [WED % 12510265 net] [W310 X 17910283 inl) WHd x 221053 net 28 x 6810162 ne [W360 x 3294079 int] [W610 % 101 1024 nel] WIR x 1h Stine Wal x 6210 14 inet [W310 x 21.010 86inel] [530 x 9210219 nt] Wio x 12104 inet WB x 7610119 inet (W250 x 1791067 ae] (WAED 11S WITT et) WE x 101048 ined WG x 67 10 10 inet {W200 % 15.0101 inc} (WAI0 10040 149 ie) W6 x 91025 ict We x 6110132 ine (W150 7 13.51037.1 el) (W36D X 91 196 2c) WS x 16819 WD x 65 9 105 ine (W150 238.428.) (W310 9710158 was W10 x 4910117 act [100 x 19.3) [W290 % 1310 167 ney wax ssao7 [W200 x 86& 100) MStapes wo 37.7 Ibn {te Sober incl) S Shapes to 38 tect cover 3 ut {to 524g, ie) [over 324g) HP Shapes 1 1021 inet cove 102 st {to 152 ge. nt) lover 152g} Shapes 1020.7 Bt net ver 20.7 [to 20.8 gr, int [over 30.8 gin) MCShapes 1028.5 If ise over 28.5 [toda tg, ie (over 42.4 Kgl) L shapes wo Yin inl vee Yow Min ek over Hin, {to 13m, net) fever 131019 mm inc} fort 19 rm) nated UM Plates, have two universal mill edges and two trimmed edges. 3.13 Sheared Edge—The normal edge ‘produced by shearing. Seared edge plates are trimmed on all edges. 3.14 Gas Cut Edge—The edge pro- duced by gas flame cutting. 3.15 Special Cut Edge—Usually the edge produced by gas flame cutting involving special practices such as pre- heating or post-heating, or both, in order to minimize stresses, avoid thermal crack- ing and reduce the hardness of the gas cut edge. In special instances, special cut ccdge may be used to designate an edge produced by machining. 3.16 Skeich—When used to describe 1 form of plate, denotes a plate other than rectangular, circular, or semi-circular, ‘Sketch plates may be furnished to a radius (or with four or more straight sides. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1. Orders shall include the following information, as necessary, to adequately describe the desired material: 4.1.1 AASHTO designation and grade, ete. (if applicable), 4.1.2 Name of material (shapes, plates, bars), 4.1.3. Shape designation, or size and thickness or diameter, and length, 4.1.4 Condition, if other than as-olled (normalized, etc). 4.1.5. Either plates from coil or dis- ‘rete cut lengths of flat product may be supplied, unless ove is specifically ‘excluded on the order (see Appendix XD). 4.1.6 Sbould the processor (5.3.2) intend to qualify plates cut from a coiled product as structural plates, the order to the manufacturer (5.3.1) should state the intended AASHTO specification number, grade, and type 4.1.7 Supplementary requirements if any, including any additional information MIO called for in the supplementary require- meats. 5. MANUFACTURE © 5.1. Unless otherwise specified in the material specification, the tee shall be made by the open-bearth, basic-oxygen, ‘or electric-furnace process. Additional refining by vacuum-are-remelt (VAR) or clectroslag-remett (ESR) is permitted. 5.2. Plates are produced in either dis- crete cut lengths of flat product or from coils. 5.2.1. Plates produced from coil ‘means plates that have been cut to indivi ual lengths from a coiled product and are furnished without heat treatment. For the Purposes ofthis paragraph, stress reiev- ing is not considered to be a heat treat- meat. 5.2.2 Plates that are eat treated (except stress relieving) after decoiling shall be considered to be discrete cut Jeogths of flat product. 8.3 When plates are produced from ceils: 5.3.1 The manufacturer directly con- trols one or more of the operation (that is, melting, rolling, coiling etc) that affect the chemical composition or the mechani- cal properties, or both, of the material 5.3.2 The processor decvils, cuts to Jength, and marks; performs and certifies ‘esis, examinations, repairs, inspection, or ‘operations not intended to affect the prop- erties ofthe material, The processor may subsequently heat treat the plate (See Sec- tion 6). Specific sections of this specifiea- tion for which the processor is responsible “re 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, and 19. 5.3.3. When part of a beat is rolled into discrete plates of flat product and the balance of the heat into coiled product, cach part must be tested separately. 6. HEAT TREATMENT 6.1. When material is required to be beat treated, the heat treatment may be performed either by the manufacturer, processor, oF fabricator unless otherwise specified in the material specification, 6.2 When heat treatment is required and isto be performed by the fabricator, the order shall so state. 6.3 When heat treatment isto be per- SPECIFICATIONS FUR MALERIALD formed by the manufacturer or processor, the material shall be beat treated as speci- fed inthe material specification. The pur- cfaser may specify the beat treatment to be used provided it is not in conflict with the requirements of the material specifica- tion. 6.4 When normalizing is to be per- feemed by the fabricator, it may be accom plished by beating uniformly for bot form- ing. The temperature to which the plates are beated for hot forming shall not signif- icantly exceed the normalizing tempera- ture 6.5 When po beat treatment is required, the manufacturer or processor ‘may, at his option, heat treat the plates by ormalizng, stress relieving, or normaliz- ing and thea stress relieving to mect the sateral specification. 6.6 \fapproved by the purchaser, cooling rates faster than those obtained by cooling in air are permissible for improve- ment of the toughness, provided the plates ae subsequently tempered in the tempera ture range from 1100 to 1300°F (595 to 7050) 7. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 7.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of cach heat shall be made by the manufac- turer to determine the percentage of car- bon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and any other elements specified or restricted by the applicable specification. This anal- ysis shall be made from a test sample pref ‘erably taken during the pouring ofthe heat. The heat analysis shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative and shall conform tothe heat analysis require- ments of the applicable specification 7.1.1. When vacuum-arc-remelting of ectroslag remelting is used, a heat is defined as all the ingots remelted from a single primary melt. The heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot, ‘oF the product of one remelted ingot, of ‘each primary melt providing the heat anal- ysis of the primary melt meets the heat analysis requirements of the material specification. Ifthe heat analysis ofthe primary melt does not meet the heat anal- sis requirements of the material specfi- ‘cation, one test sample shall be taken from the product of each remelted ingot. In cither ease, the analyses s0 obtained from the remelted material shall conform to the 187 heat analysis requirements of the applica- be specification. 7.2. Product Analysis—The purchaser may analyze finished material represent- ing each beat. Sampling shall be in accordance with ASTM E 59. The chemi cal composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements of the prod- uct specification subject to the product analysis tolerances in Table B. If range is specified, the determinations of any ele- ‘ment ina heat may not vary both above and below the specified range. Rimmed o ‘capped steel is characterized by a lack of homogeneity in its composition, especially for the lements carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur; therefore, the limitations for these clements shall not be applicable unless misapplication i clearly indicated. 73. Referee Analysis—For referee pur- poses, Methods, Practices, and Defini- tions ASTM A 751 shal be used. 8. METALLURGICAL STRUCTURE 8.1 When a grain size is specified, it shall be specified as fine austenitic grain size or coarse austenitic grain size. Aus- tenitic grain size shall be determined in accordance with Methods ASTM E 112. 8.2 Coarse Austenitic Grain Size— ‘When coarse austenitic grain size is speci- fied, steel having grain size number of 1 to 5 as determined by the method eseribed in 8.1 shall be acceptable. Con- formance to the specified grain size of 70% of the area examined shall constitute the basis of acceptance. One test per heat shall be made. 8.3. Fine Austenitic Grain Size: 8.3.1 When fine austenitic grain size is specified, steel having grain size num- ber 5 orhigher as determined by the ‘method described in 8.1 shall be accept able. Conformance to the specified g size of 70% of the area examined shall constitute the basis of acceptance. One ‘grain size test per heat shall be performed except as described in section 8.3.2. 8.3.2 When aluminum is used as the ‘grain refining element and on heat analy- sis the aluminum content is not less than 0.020% total aluminum, or alternately, 0.015% acid soluble aluminum, the fine austenitic grain size requirements shall be deemed fulfilled and the testing require ment of 8.1 shall be waived. The alumi: Bs ‘num content shall be reported if the test- ing requirement is waived. 8.3.3 When specified on the ordes, ‘one grain size test (see 8.1) per heat shall be made regardless of type or content of ‘grain refining clement. Austenitic grain size shall conform to 8.3.1 8.3.4 Elements other than aluminum may be used for grain refining. In such instances, the grain size test of 8.1 shall be required. The content of the elements shall be reported with the heat analysis, 9. QUALITY 9.1 General—The material shall be free of injurious defects and shall have a ‘workmanlike finish, 9.2 Plate Conditioning 9.2.1 Plates may be conditioned by the manufacturer or processor for the removal of imperfections or depressions 00 the top and bottom surfaces by grind- ing, provided the area ground is well faired without abrupt changes in contour and the grinding does not reduce the thickness of the plate by (/) more than 79 under the nominal thickness for plates ordered to weight per square foot (mass per square metre}, but in no case more than % in. (3 mm]: or 2) below the per- missible minimum thickness for plates ‘ordered to thickness in inches or millimetres, 9.2.2. Imperfections on the top and bottom surfaces of plates may be removed by chipping, grinding, or arc-air gouging and then by depositing weld metal (see 9.5), subject to the following limiting con- ditions: 9.2.2.1 The chipped, ground, or ‘gouged area shall not exceed 2% of the area ofthe surface being conditioned, 9.2.2.2 Afier removal of any imper- fections preparatory to welding, the thi ress of the plate at any locatio must not be reduced by more than 30% of the nomi- nal thickness of the plate. Specification A 131 restricts the reduction in thickness 10 20% maximum.) 9.2.3 The edges of plates may be con- ditioned by the manufacturer or processor to remove injurious imperfections by ‘rrinding, chipping, or arc-air gouging and ‘welding (see 9.5). Prior to welding, the depth of depression, measured from the Plate edge inward, shall be limited to the SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS TABLEB Product Analysis Tolerances ‘lerances, © Upper Limit, or Maximum Under Minimum (Over Maximum Element Specified Value, % Limit Limit Carboa O.1Sinel 0.02 0.03 over 0.15 100.40 inet 0.03 0.08 Manganese’ 10 0.60 inel 0.05 0.06 over 0.60 t0 0.90 incl 0.06 0.08 over 0.90 t0 1.20 incl 0.08 0.10 cover 1.20 01.38 ine! 0.09 ont over 1.38 101.68 incl 0.09 0.12 ‘over 1.65 t0 1.85 ine ot O14 over 95 0.12 0.16 Phosrhorus 00.4 inet - 0.010 over 0.04 100.15 inet - Nat suitor 10.005 inet = 0.010 Silicon 10 0.30 nel 0.02 0.03 over 0.30 100.40 incl 0.05 0.05 cover 0.40 t0 2.20 incl 0.06 0.06 Nickel to 1.00 nel 0.03 0.03 (ve 1,00 102.00 inet 0.05 0.05 Qromium 100.90 inet 0.08 0.04 e+ 0.99 02.10 inet 0.06 0.06 Molybdenum 100.20 nel 0.01 oot over 0.20 100.40 inct 0.03 0.03 ‘over 0.40 t0 1.15 ined 0.08 0.04 Copper 0.20 miimum oaly 0.02 10 1.0 nel 0.03 6.03 ‘over 1,00 10 2.00 ined 0.05 0.05 Tiasium 10 0.10 inet oo oie Vanadium 100.10net 0.01 0.01 cover 0.1010 0.25 inct 0.02 0.02 minimum only specified 001 Boroa any Nat CColembivn 0010) ore woos 0.03 0.030 inet C.005 Manganese product analycs erences fr brs and bar az apes dll be 10 O90 = O 2.20ioc = 0:08, NA Product anabss nt aplcable Ute minimum of he range 5 0.01%, te under tolerance i 0.005%, thickness of the plate, with a maximum depth of 1 in. (25 mm). 9.3. Structural Size Shapes, Bar Size Shapes, and Steel Sheet Piling tioned by the manufacturer for the ‘removal of injurious imperfections or sur- face depressions by grinding, or chipping and grinding, provided the area ground is well faired without abrupt changes in con- tour and the depression does not extend below the rolled surface by more than (7) 1/32 in. (1-mm, for material less than % in, (10 mm] in thickness; 2) 1/16 in. [2 mm), for material % to 2 in. (10 to ‘50 mm inclusive in thickness; or (3) Yin. (3 mm), for material over 2 in, (50 mm] in thickness. 9.3.2 Imperfections that are greater in

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