Torque Machine

24 2
14 1
18 1
You work for a shampoo manufacturer and need to ensur
27 2 loosely, they may fall off during shipping. If fastened too tig
17 2
You collect a random sample of bottles and test the amoun
data and determine how clo

32 2
31 2
27 2
21 2
27 1
24 1
21 2
24 1
26 2
31 2
34 2
28 1
32 2
24 2
16 2
22 1
37 2
36 2
21 1
16 1
17 1
22 1
34 2
20 2
19 2
16 1
16 1
18 1
30 1
21 2
16 1
14 1
15 1
14 2
14 2
25 1
15 1
16 1
15 1
19 2
15 1
15 2
19 1
19 1
30 2
24 2
10 1
15 2
17 2
17 2
21 2
34 2
22 1
17 1
15 1
17 1
20 1
17 1
20 1
15 1
17 1
24 2
20 1
anufacturer and need to ensure that the caps on your bottles are being fastened properly. If fastened too
ng shipping. If fastened too tightly, they may be hard for your customers to open (especially in the shower).

of bottles and test the amount of torque required to remove the caps. Create a histogram to evaluate the
data and determine how close the samples are to the target value of 18.
Durability Carpet Composition
18.95 1 A
12.62 1 B You want to examine the overall durabil
11.94 1 A Samples of the carpet products are placed in
14.42 1 B durability after 60 days. Create a boxplot t
durability score
10.06 2 A
7.19 2 B
7.03 2 A
14.66 2 B
10.92 3 A
13.28 3 B
14.52 3 A
12.51 3 B
10.46 4 A
21.4 4 B
18.1 4 A
22.5 4 B
mine the overall durability of your carpet products.
et products are placed in four homes and you measure
days. Create a boxplot to examine the distribution of
durability scores.
Diameter
74.03
74.002
74.019 An engine manufacturer uses a forging
process is in control, and now the qualit
73.992 is normally disctributed. They collect tw
74.008
73.995
73.992
74.001
74.011
74.004
73.988
74.024
74.021
74.005
74.002
74.002
73.996
73.993
74.015
74.009
73.992
74.007
74.015
73.989
74.014
74.009
73.994
73.997
73.985
73.993
73.995
74.006
73.994
74
74.005
73.985
74.003
73.993
74.015
73.988
74.008
73.995
74.009
74.005
74.004
73.998
74
73.99
74.007
73.995
73.994
73.998
73.994
73.995
73.99
74.004
74
74.007
74
73.996
73.983
74.002
73.998
73.997
74.012
74.006
73.967
73.994
74
73.984
74.012
74.014
73.998
73.999
74.007
74
73.984
74.005
73.998
73.996
73.994
74.012
73.986
74.005
74.007
74.006
74.01
74.018
74.003
 74
73.984
74.002
74.003
74.005
73.997
74
74.01
74.013
74.02
74.003
73.982
74.001
74.015
74.005
73.996
74.004
73.999
73.99
74.006
74.009
74.01
73.989
73.99
74.009
74.014
74.015
74.008
73.993
74
74.01
73.982
73.984
73.995
74.017
74.013
An engine manufacturer uses a forging process to produce piston rings. The forging
process is in control, and now the quality engineers want to assess whaether the data
is normally disctributed. They collect twenty-five samples of five piston rings.
Part Operator Response
1 1 0.65
1 1 0.6
2 1 1
2 1 1 An automotive supplier wants to know if the curr
3 1 0.85 the thickness
3 1 0.8
Ten parts that represent the expected range of
4 1 0.85 measured the thickness of each of the te
4 1 0.95
5 1 0.55
5 1 0.45
6 1 1
6 1 1
7 1 0.95
7 1 0.95
8 1 0.85
8 1 0.8
9 1 1
9 1 1
10 1 0.6
10 1 0.7
1 2 0.55
1 2 0.55
2 2 1.05
2 2 0.95
3 2 0.8
3 2 0.75
4 2 0.8
4 2 0.75
5 2 0.4
5 2 0.4
6 2 1
6 2 1.05
7 2 0.95
7 2 0.9
8 2 0.75
8 2 0.7
9 2 1
9 2 0.95
10 2 0.55
10 2 0.5
1 3 0.5
1 3 0.55
2 3 1.05
2 3 1
3 3 0.8
3 3 0.8
4 3 0.8
4 3 0.8
5 3 0.45
5 3 0.5
6 3 1
6 3 1.05
7 3 0.95
7 3 0.95
8 3 0.8
8 3 0.8
9 3 1.05
9 3 1.05
10 3 0.85
10 3 0.8
plier wants to know if the currently used measurement system is precisely measuring
the thickness of an engine part.

present the expected range of the process variation were selected. Three operators
the thickness of each of the ten parts, two times per part, in a random order.
Appraiser Sample Trial Response Standard
Mike 1 1 5 5
Mike 1 2 5 5
Mike 2 1 3 3
Mike 2 2 3 3
Mike 3 1 1 1
Mike 3 2 1 1 A fabric company uses appraisers
Mike 4 1 2 2 consistency and correctness of the a
Mike 4 2 2 2 fabric twic
Mike 5 1 1 1
Mike 5 2 1 1
Mike 6 1 2 3
Mike 6 2 3 3
Mike 7 1 4 4
Mike 7 2 4 4
Mike 8 1 5 5
Mike 8 2 5 5
Mike 9 1 2 2
Mike 9 2 2 2
Mike 10 1 1 1
Mike 10 2 1 1
Mike 11 1 5 5
Mike 11 2 5 5
Mike 12 1 4 4
Mike 12 2 4 4
Mike 13 1 1 1
Mike 13 2 1 1
Mike 14 1 3 3
Mike 14 2 3 3
Mike 15 1 2 2
Mike 15 2 2 2
Mike 16 1 4 4
Mike 16 2 4 4
Mike 17 1 1 1
Mike 17 2 1 1
Mike 18 1 2 2
Mike 18 2 2 2
Mike 19 1 3 3
Mike 19 2 3 3
Mike 20 1 5 5
Mike 20 2 5 5
Mike 21 1 5 5
Mike 21 2 4 5
Mike 22 1 4 4
Mike 22 2 4 4
 Mike 23 1 3 3
Mike 23 2 3 3
Mike 24 1 2 2
Mike 24 2 2 2
Mike 25 1 2 2
Mike 25 2 2 2
Mike 26 1 4 4
Mike 26 2 4 4
Mike 27 1 1 1
Mike 27 2 1 1
Mike 28 1 2 2
Mike 28 2 2 2
Mike 29 1 5 5
Mike 29 2 5 5
Mike 30 1 3 3
Mike 30 2 3 3
Amanda 1 1 5 5
Amanda 1 2 5 5
Amanda 2 1 3 3
Amanda 2 2 3 3
Amanda 3 1 1 1
Amanda 3 2 1 1
Amanda 4 1 2 2
Amanda 4 2 2 2
Amanda 5 1 1 1
Amanda 5 2 1 1
Amanda 6 1 2 3
Amanda 6 2 2 3
Amanda 7 1 4 4
Amanda 7 2 4 4
Amanda 8 1 5 5
Amanda 8 2 5 5
Amanda 9 1 2 2
Amanda 9 2 2 2
Amanda 10 1 1 1
Amanda 10 2 1 1
Amanda 11 1 5 5
Amanda 11 2 5 5
Amanda 12 1 4 4
Amanda 12 2 4 4
Amanda 13 1 1 1
Amanda 13 2 1 1
Amanda 14 1 3 3
Amanda 14 2 3 3
Amanda 15 1 2 2
Amanda 15 2 2 2
Amanda 16 1 4 4
Amanda 16 2 4 4
Amanda 17 1 1 1
Amanda 17 2 1 1
Amanda 18 1 2 2
Amanda 18 2 2 2
Amanda 19 1 3 3
Amanda 19 2 3 3
Amanda 20 1 5 5
Amanda 20 2 5 5
Amanda 21 1 5 5
Amanda 21 2 5 5
Amanda 22 1 4 4
Amanda 22 2 4 4
Amanda 23 1 3 3
Amanda 23 2 3 3
Amanda 24 1 2 2
Amanda 24 2 2 2
Amanda 25 1 2 2
Amanda 25 2 2 2
Amanda 26 1 4 4
Amanda 26 2 4 4
Amanda 27 1 1 1
Amanda 27 2 1 1
Amanda 28 1 2 2
Amanda 28 2 2 2
Amanda 29 1 5 5
Amanda 29 2 5 5
Amanda 30 1 3 3
Amanda 30 2 3 3
Eric 1 1 5 5
Eric 1 2 5 5
Eric 2 1 3 3
Eric 2 2 4 3
Eric 3 1 1 1
Eric 3 2 1 1
Eric 4 1 2 2
Eric 4 2 2 2
Eric 5 1 1 1
Eric 5 2 1 1
Eric 6 1 2 3
Eric 6 2 2 3
Eric 7 1 4 4
Eric 7 2 4 4
Eric 8 1 5 5
Eric 8 2 5 5
Eric 9 1 2 2
Eric 9 2 2 2
Eric 10 1 1 1
Eric 10 2 1 1
Eric 11 1 5 5
Eric 11 2 5 5
Eric 12 1 3 4
Eric 12 2 4 4
Eric 13 1 1 1
Eric 13 2 1 1
Eric 14 1 3 3
Eric 14 2 3 3
Eric 15 1 2 2
Eric 15 2 2 2
Eric 16 1 4 4
Eric 16 2 4 4
Eric 17 1 1 1
Eric 17 2 1 1
Eric 18 1 2 2
Eric 18 2 2 2
Eric 19 1 3 3
Eric 19 2 3 3
Eric 20 1 5 5
Eric 20 2 5 5
Eric 21 1 5 5
Eric 21 2 5 5
Eric 22 1 4 4
Eric 22 2 4 4
Eric 23 1 3 3
Eric 23 2 3 3
Eric 24 1 2 2
Eric 24 2 2 2
Eric 25 1 1 2
Eric 25 2 2 2
Eric 26 1 4 4
Eric 26 2 4 4
Eric 27 1 1 1
Eric 27 2 1 1
Eric 28 1 2 2
Eric 28 2 2 2
Eric 29 1 5 5
Eric 29 2 5 5
Eric 30 1 3 3
Eric 30 2 3 3
Britt 1 1 5 5
Britt 1 2 5 5
Britt 2 1 3 3
Britt 2 2 3 3
Britt 3 1 1 1
Britt 3 2 1 1
Britt 4 1 2 2
Britt 4 2 2 2
Britt 5 1 1 1
Britt 5 2 1 1
Britt 6 1 2 3
Britt 6 2 2 3
Britt 7 1 4 4
Britt 7 2 4 4
Britt 8 1 5 5
Britt 8 2 5 5
Britt 9 1 2 2
Britt 9 2 2 2
Britt 10 1 1 1
Britt 10 2 1 1
Britt 11 1 5 5
Britt 11 2 5 5
Britt 12 1 4 4
Britt 12 2 4 4
Britt 13 1 1 1
Britt 13 2 1 1
Britt 14 1 3 3
Britt 14 2 3 3
Britt 15 1 2 2
Britt 15 2 2 2
Britt 16 1 4 4
Britt 16 2 4 4
Britt 17 1 1 1
Britt 17 2 1 1
Britt 18 1 2 2
Britt 18 2 3 2
Britt 19 1 3 3
Britt 19 2 3 3
Britt 20 1 5 5
Britt 20 2 5 5
Britt 21 1 5 5
Britt 21 2 5 5
Britt 22 1 4 4
Britt 22 2 4 4
Britt 23 1 3 3
Britt 23 2 3 3
Britt 24 1 2 2
Britt 24 2 2 2
Britt 25 1 2 2
Britt 25 2 2 2
Britt 26 1 4 4
Britt 26 2 4 4
Britt 27 1 1 1
Britt 27 2 1 1
Britt 28 1 2 2
Britt 28 2 2 2
Britt 29 1 5 5
Britt 29 2 5 5
Britt 30 1 3 3
Britt 30 2 3 3
c company uses appraisers to rate the print quality of cotton fabric on a 1-5 scale. To assess the
cy and correctness of the appraisers' ratings, four appraisers rated print quality on 30 samples of
fabric twice. Fabric samples were randomly presented
Diameter
74.03
74.002
74.019 An engine manufacturer uses a forging p
73.992 rings. The forging process is in control, a
74.008
73.995
engineers want to assess the process ca
73.992 twenty-five samples of five piston rings.
74.001
74.011
piston ring diameter are 74.0 ± 0.05mm
74.004
73.988

74.024 Target Mean =74

74.021 LSL = 74 - 0.05 = 73.95
74.005 USL = 74 + 0.05 = 74.05
74.002
74.002
73.996 cpk = Min ( CPl , CpU)
73.993
74.015 Cpl = (X bar - LSL ) / 3 SD
74.009
73.992 Cpu = (USL - X bar ) / 3 S
74.007
74.015
73.989
74.014
74.009
73.994
73.997
73.985
73.993
73.995
74.006
73.994
74
74.005
73.985
74.003
73.993
74.015
73.988
74.008
73.995
74.009
74.005
74.004
73.998
74
73.99
74.007
73.995
73.994
73.998
73.994
73.995
73.99
74.004
74
74.007
74
73.996
73.983
74.002
73.998
73.997
74.012
74.006
73.967
73.994
74
73.984
74.012
74.014
73.998
73.999
74.007
74
73.984
74.005
73.998
73.996
73.994
74.012
73.986
74.005
74.007
74.006
74.01
74.018
74.003
74
73.984
74.002
74.003
74.005
73.997
74
74.01
74.013
74.02
74.003
73.982
74.001
74.015
74.005
73.996
74.004
73.999
73.99
74.006
74.009
74.01
73.989
73.99
74.009
74.014
74.015
74.008
73.993
74
74.01
73.982
73.984
73.995
74.017
74.013
r uses a forging process to produce piston
ss is in control, and now the quality
s the process capability. They collect
five piston rings. The specification limits for
e 74.0 ± 0.05mm.

Min ( CPl , CpU)

Cpl = (X bar - LSL ) / 3 SD

Cpu = (USL - X bar ) / 3 SD

 Type of Defect Defect Count
Neck Ovality 112 A clothing manufacturer has had numerou
various quality complaints. The manufac
Dust particles 43 understand the significant problems using
Bubble 23
Scratch 18
Wobbling 67
Label Missing 217

Defects per million opportunities (DPMO)

Sigma

Defects per million units

Sigma
Sigma

Rolled throughput yield

#REF! 24%
acturer has had numerous returns due to
complaints. The manufacturer wants to
gnificant problems using pareto analysis.
Energy $
1211B2:B14I12B2:B1B2:B14
1572
1668 Energy expenditure is measured for 15 random
1250 upper-income families in the United States to see
1478 expenditure differs from the published value o
1307
1184
865
1162 H0= Average exp = 1080
1308 Ha= Average exp not equal to 1080
1188 Test one sample t test
1111 !=, >, <
1747
1326
1142
re is measured for 15 randomly selected,
lies in the United States to see if the mean
ers from the published value of $1080.

Average exp = 1080

rage exp not equal to 1080
one sample t test
!=, >, <
A B
81 89
77 64 A health management firm has samples of satisfaction ratings from
75 35 of two hospitals. The firm wants to know if one hospital is rated mor
other. The firm will use the information to refer patients and to mak
74 68 hospital improvement. The variances of the two samples are suffic
86 69 the firm will use a pooled standard deviation for the te
90 55
62 37
73 57
91 42 Ho Rating of A not = < rating of B
98 49 Ha Rating of A > rating of B !=, >, <
59
58
65
71
67 Rating of A - rating of B > 0
of satisfaction ratings from former patients
f one hospital is rated more highly than the
o refer patients and to make suggestions for
the two samples are sufficiently similar, so
andard deviation for the test.

!=, >, <

Blend 1 Blend 2 Blend 3 Blend 4
17 14.9 13 15
13.9 3.2 16.4 17.8
10.4 1.9 13.3 22.9 Investigators compared the hardness of four
paint. Six samples of each paint blend were
19.3 7.3 6.5 17.4 piece of metal, cured, and measured fo
16.1 9.6 11.9 16.9
11.7 14.5 16.8 18.4

Ho Hb1=Hb2=Hb3=Hb4
Ha Hb1not =Hb2 not =Hb3 not =Hb4
Decision is based on the graphical a
ared the hardness of four different blends of
of each paint blend were applied to a small
al, cured, and measured for hardness.

1=Hb2=Hb3=Hb4
Hb2 not =Hb3 not =Hb4
s based on the graphical analysis of the outcome
 A direct-mail firm chooses 1000 households at
receive advertisements for a new laundry deterg
1000 households that receive the mailing, 87 pu
detergent. The firm wants to determine if this su
greater than the industry average of 6.5

Ho= SR <= 0.065

Ha= SR > 0.065
Test 1 prop test
 chooses 1000 households at random to
ments for a new laundry detergent. Of the
that receive the mailing, 87 purchase the
m wants to determine if this success rate is
han the industry average of 6.5%.

SR <= 0.065
SR > 0.065
N1 802
Employed 725 90.40% A university financial-aid office po
students to determine if male or fem
likely to obtain summer employment.
N2 712 sampled, 725 were employed during
Employed 573 80.48% 712 female students sampled, 5

Ho = Employment of Male stu

Ha = Employment of Male stu
Test Two pro
versity financial-aid office polled its undergraduate
s to determine if male or female students were more
btain summer employment. Of the 802 male students
, 725 were employed during the summer, and, of the
2 female students sampled, 573 were employed

Employment of Male stu < = Emp. Of Female stu

Employment of Male stu > Emp. Of Female stu
Two prop test
Gender Preference
Female Democrats
Male Democrats A researcher wants to assess if there is an association between gender and
Female Democrats their candidate preference (Democrats, Republicans, and Others) in a
Female Democrats presidential election. Gender and candidate preference is recorded for 400
randomly selected individuals.
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Others
Female Democrats
Male Republicans H0 Gender = Candidate preference
Female Democrats Ha Gender != candidate preference
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Others 1. Project Charter
Female Republicans 2. Data Collection plan ( CTQ)
Female Democrats 3. C & E diagarm / Fish Bone Diagarm for RCA
Female Republicans 4. Control - Impact metrics ( screening of Xs)
Female Others
Female Republicans
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Others
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Others
Female Democrats
Female Others
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Others
Male Republicans
Female Others
Female Others
Female Republicans
 Male Others
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Others
Male Others
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Others
Female Democrats
Male Others
Female Republicans
Female Republicans
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Others
Female Republicans
Female Republicans
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Others
Male Republicans
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Others
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Republicans
Male Others
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Others
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Others
Female Others
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Others
Female Others
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Male Others
Female Republicans
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Others
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Others
Male Others
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Others
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Others
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Others
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Others
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Others
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Others
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Republicans
Male Others
Male Republicans
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Male Others
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Others
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Others
Female Others
Female Others
Female Democrats
Male Others
Female Others
Female Republicans
 Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Democrats
Male Others
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Others
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Others
Male Republicans
Female Others
Male Republicans
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Republicans
Male Others
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Others
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Others
Male Republicans
 Male Others
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Others
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Others
Male Others
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Republicans
Female Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Others
Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Others
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Democrats
 Male Democrats
Male Republicans
Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Others
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Others
Male Others
Male Others
Male Others
Male Republicans
Male Others
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Male Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Others
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
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Female Republicans
Male Republicans
Female Republicans
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Male Democrats
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Male Others
Female Others
Male Others
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Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Others
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Others
Male Others
Female Democrats
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Male Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Others
Female Republicans
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Others
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Others
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
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Female Others
Female Republicans
Female Republicans
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Female Democrats
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Female Republicans
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Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
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Male Others
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Female Democrats
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Female Others
Male Others
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Democrats
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Male Others
Female Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Republicans
Male Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Democrats
Female Others
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Female Democrats
Female Democrats
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Male Republicans Male Female
Female Democrats Democrats Male
Female Others Republic Female
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an association between gender and
ts, Republicans, and Others) in a
date preference is recorded for 400
d individuals.

Candidate preference
candidate preference

an ( CTQ)
sh Bone Diagarm for RCA
metrics ( screening of Xs)
Demo Repu Others
FlashRecov - Y VoltsAfter - X

4.49 1.342
4.89 1.449
4.69 1.103
You are interested in how well your com
5.14 1.307 Market research shows that customers
4.8 1.303 secon
4.12 1.246
3.7 1.35
4 1.368 You collect a sample of batteries tha
3.8 1.222 measure the voltage remaining in each b
the length of time required for the ba
3.99 1.321 FlashRecov). Create a scatterplot to exa
5.68 1.182 flash recov
5.88 1.141
5.73 1.406
5.83 1.085
5.95 1.068
4.81 1.243
4.56 1.252
4.78 1.314
4.97 1.174
4.85 0.99
6.59 1.21
6.07 1.261
6.36 1.31
6.4 1.075
6.42 1.087
4.94 1.096
5.11 1.456
5.17 1.101
5.07 1.032
5.31 1.176
6.88 1.095
6.69 1.124
7.01 1.075
7.08 0.967
7.16 1.121
5.34 1.143
5.46 1.105
5.61 1.124
5.36 1.141
5.3 1.098
nterested in how well your company's camera batteries are meeting customers' needs.
esearch shows that customers become annoyed if they have to wait longer than 5.25
seconds between flashes.

ollect a sample of batteries that have been in use for varying amounts of time and
the voltage remaining in each battery immediately after a flash (VoltsAfter), as well as
ngth of time required for the battery to be able to flash again (flash recovery time,
ov). Create a scatterplot to examine the results. Include a reference line at the critical
flash recovery time of 5.25 seconds.
Salary Y Gender X1 Years X2

A pharmaceutical company wants to

salaries of research scientists and th
company wants to test the inter

88 F 11
77.3 M 6
75.3 M 7
96.4 M 20
87.7 M 8
58.1 F 3
63.1 F 4
58.5 M 2
95.4 F 16
92 F 14
94.5 M 12
103 M 18
94 F 14
64 M 5
77.3 M 10
83.7 M 8
74.8 F 7
92.5 F 17
79.7 M 8
64 F 5
94.3 M 14
100.2 M 19
87.7 M 13
71.3 F 6
97 M 21
83.4 F 8
90.8 M 12
78.5 F 5
97.3 M 19
61.6 F 3
65.3 F 2
89.7 F 10
83.8 M 7
104.5 M 18
78.6 M 7
aceutical company wants to model the relationship between the
of research scientists and their gender, years of experience. The
pany wants to test the interactions between all predictors.
pH
A liquid detergent company wants to assess whether its proc
together a number of ingredients. The quality characteristic
25 conse
6.05
5.99
6.11
6.13
5.87
6.05
6.23
6.49
6.15
5.89
5.87
5.99
6.07
6.17
5.86
6.07
6.01
5.87
5.66
5.58
5.62
5.89
6.02
5.93
6.05
 nts to assess whether its process is in control. The company makes the liquid detergent in batches by mixing
ents. The quality characteristic of interest is the pH value for each batch. Measurements of the pH value for
25 consecutive batches were taken.
Length
You work at an automobile engine assembly plant. One of the parts, a camshaft, must be 6
There has been a chronic problem with camshaft length being out of specification, which ca
rework rates. Your supervisor wants to run X and R charts to monitor this characteristic, so
samples sets of 5 camshafts each) from all the camshafts used at the plant, and 1

601.4
601.6
598 5 camsharts were measured - 20 sample
601.4
599.4
600
600.2
601.2
598.4
599
601.2
601
600.8
597.6
601.6
599.4
601.2
598.4
599.2
598.8
601.4
599
601
601.6
601.4
601.4
598.8
601.4
598.4
601.6
598.8
601.2
599.6
601.2
598.2
598.8
597.8
598.2
598.2
598.2
601.2
600
598.8
599.4
597.2
600.8
600.6
599.6
599.4
598
600.8
597.8
599.2
599.2
600.6
598
598
598.8
601
600.8
598.8
599.4
601
598.8
599.6
599
600.4
598.4
602.2
601
601.4
601
601.2
601.4
601.8
601.6
601
600.2
599
601.2
601.2
601.2
601.2
601
 601
601.4
601.4
598.8
598.8
598.8
598.2
601.8
601
601.4
601.4
599
601.4
601.8
601.6
601.2
e parts, a camshaft, must be 600 mm +2 mm long to meet engineering specifications.
out of specification, which causes poor-fitting assemblies, resulting in high scrap and
monitor this characteristic, so for a month, you collect a total of 100 observations (20
hafts used at the plant, and 100 observations from each of your suppliers.

s were measured - 20 sample sets

Weight
3.0469
3.0555
A canning company wants to assess whether its can-filli
3.0627
of 10 cans at 15-minute intervals acr
3.0412
3.0473 To minimize the within-subgroup (can-to-can) variation,
2.9739 period of time. Minimizing this variation is important
3.0609 control lim
3.0023
2.9813
3.043
3.0467
3.0465
3.0296
3.0701
2.985
3.0135
3.0308
2.9942
2.9724
3.0398
3.0532
3.0098
2.9927
3.0323
2.9549
3.0109
3.0142
3.0069
3.0436
3.0196
3.0232
3.0334
3.0352
3.0476
3.014
3.0077
2.9686
3.0354
2.989
3.0119
3.037
3.0111
3.0316
3.0774
3.0161
3.0188
3.0339
2.9885
3.0423
3.0182
3.0234
3.0749
3.0451
3.0165
3.0283
3.0432
3.0652
3.0331
3.0412
3.0218
3.0568
3.0373
3.058
3.0918
3.0156
3.0572
3.0775
3.0104
2.9942
3.0604
3.0703
3.0506
3.0102
3.0335
3.0248
3.0753
3.0023
3.0193
3.068
3.0674
3.0113
3.0469
3.0592
3.0604
3.0258
3.0646
3.0459
3.0532
3.0347
 2.995
3.0322
3.0289
3.0165
3.0494
3.0399
3.024
3.0216
3.048
3.059
3.0135
3.0469
3.0558
3.0627
3.0412
3.0473
3.0545
3.0627
3.0231
3.0503
3.0498
3.0844
3.0368
3.0512
3.0263
3.0687
3.0726
3.0919
3.0237
3.0381
3.0495
3.0423
3.0515
3.0548
3.0437
3.089
3.0562
3.0544
3.0579
3.0127
3.0768
3.0162
3.0411
3.0971
3.0682
3.0555
3.0327
3.043
3.0372
3.0701
3.0371
3.0497
3.0746
3.0541
3.0664
3.0781
3.0881
3.0459
3.0524
3.0143
3.0713
ess whether its can-filling process is in control. The company collected 15 subgroups
15-minute intervals across two shifts for a single day's production.
(can-to-can) variation, the 10 samples for a given subgroup were gathered in a short
s variation is important because within-subgroup variation is used to establish the
control limits for the S chart
Subgroups Unanswered Calls
A telephone service center wan
number of incoming calls and

250 25
257 27
260 27
256 27 Sub group size varies
259 28
259 22
250 21
260 30
254 24
253 27
251 15
254 20
251 24
256 31
255 22
249 21
257 22
252 21
258 20
252 30
249 27
 phone service center wants to assess whether its call answering system is in control. The total
mber of incoming calls and the number of unanswered calls were recorded for 21 days. Each
unanswered call is a defective.
Defectives
5 A manufacturer of light bulbs wants to ass
8 bulbs were taken every hour for three shifts
13 not they light. Defec
11
8
6
5
3
1
6
4
12
6
8
13
17
4
5
4
9
7
2
3
6
f light bulbs wants to assess whether or not its process is in control. Samples of light
very hour for three shifts (24 samples of 500 light bulbs) and tested to see whether or
not they light. Defectives are light bulbs that do not light.
sub group is constant
Wallpaper
24
A wallpaper manufacturer wants to assess the stability of its printing process. S
rolls and the number of blemishes, which include print smears, pattern d
28
36
47
23 Sub group is constant
26
29
45
48
32
45
56
58
41
25
38
21
29
38
32
45
42
26
38
45
ty of its printing process. Samples of 100 feet were taken from 25 wallpaper
ude print smears, pattern distortions, and missing ink, were counted.
Pages Typos
A stenographic company wants to assess the quality of its transcriptio
counted the number of typographical errors for each set. Each set ha
30 3 size varies. Typographical errors a
24 4
23 2
25 6
32 5
30 18
24 6
30 5
27 10
24 4
30 4
32 7
26 5
31 8
24 5
27 7
27 4
30 17
32 5
24 8
26 6
32 8
30 9
24 5
25 3
s the quality of its transcription service. They sampled 25 sets of pages and
rors for each set. Each set had a different number of pages, so the sample
aries. Typographical errors are defects.