1st Printing, January 1996 ACI Manual of Concrete Practice Most ACI Standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, The several volumes are arranged to group related material together and may be purchased individually or in sets. ACI Committees prepare standards and reports in the general areas of materials and properites of concrete, construction practices and inspection, pavements and slabs, struc- tural design and analysis, structural specifica- tions, and special products and processes. ‘A-complete catalog of all ACI publications is avzilable without charge. American Concrete Institute Box 19150, Redford Station Detroit, Mich. 48219-0150 ACI Certification Programs ‘The final quality of a concrete structure depends on qualitied people to construct it. ACI certification pro- grams identify craftsmen, technicians and inspectors who have demonstrated their qualifications. The follow- ing programs are administered by AC! to fulfll the grow: ing demand in the industry for certified workers: Concrete Flatwork Finisher Concrete Field Testing Techniclan—Grade ! Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician—Grade | Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician—Grade It Concrete Construction Inspector-In-Training Concrete Construction Inspector—Level I This document may already contain reference to these ACI certification programs, which can be incorporated into project specifications or quality control procedures. Itnot, suggested guide specifications are available on request from the ACI Cerification Department. Enhancement of ACI Documents ‘The technical committees responsible for ACI commit- tee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguities, ‘omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally {ind information or requirements that may be subject to mote than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. To assist in the effort for accuracy and clarity, the Technical Activities Committee solicits the help of indi- viduals using ACI reports and standards in identifying and eliminating problems that may be associated with their use. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents are requested to contact the ACI Encineering Department in writing, with the following information: 1, Title and number of the document containing the problem and specific section in the document; 2 Concise description of the problem; 3 If possible, suggested revisions for mitigating the problem. Tre Institute's Engineering Staff will review and take appropriate action on all comments and suggestions re- ceived. Members as well as nonmembers of the Institute are encouraged to assist in enhancing the accuracy and uselulness of ACI documents. © ©Specification for Shotcrete (ACI 506.2-95) Reported by ACI Committee 506 ‘Steyen H. Gober Lar Bale, J ‘Charman ‘Secreta Jon B, Anda Bruce K.Langson mest K, Schrader Seymour A. Bort Alber Livin ‘Vera Schliois Paul. Carer Kein Laetie Raymond J. Schutz Gary LCynoweth Dudley R Morean Philip Seabrook John R. Ficker| Disk E Nemegeer WL Snow Se 1. Leon Gassgld 4H. Celik Ozyiitim Cu E,Seasb SIE, Glasagold Harvey W. Pusher Lawrence J. Toten ‘Warren L. Harrison Dale A. Poaeey Gary L.Vondean (Charles H. Honager Jon E, Per, J Curtis White Meriya Isaak Vankataswamy Ramubrshnan 4 Wickman Zimmerman Richard A. Kaden ‘This specifeation contains the construction requirements for the epplica ton of shoterete oth etm ond dry-mixshoterete are specified. andthe ‘minimum standards for testing, materials, and execution are provided Keywords: dy-mix shoterete, ber reinforced shoterte, nozleman, shooting, shotetete, wet shoteree CONTENTS Foreword, p. 062-2 Preface to specification checklist, p. 5062-2 Mandatory requirements checklist, p.506.2-2 Optional requirements checklist p 5062-2 Submittals checklist, p. 5062-3 Section 1—General, p. 506.2-4 1.1—Scope 1.2—Definitions 1.3Reference organizations 1.4-Reference standards 1.5—Submittals 1.6—Quality assurance 1.7—Shoterete core grades 1.8 Evaluation of in-place shotcrete 1.9—Acceptance ‘Thomas J Reading Section 2—Materials, p. $06.2-6 2.1-—Cement 2.2—Aggregate 2.3-Reinforcement 2.4—Water 25—Admixtures 2.6—Curing materials 2.2—Proportioning 2.8 Fiber reinforced shoterete 2.8—Prebagged materials 2.10-—~Delivery, storage, and handling Section 3—Exect 3.1—Examination 3.2—Batching and mixing 3.3_Surface preparation 3.4—Toints 3.5—Alignment control 3.6—Application 3.7Finishing 3.8—Curing mn, p. $06.2-6 PE SperetA am cet Se Si ke at ew nay og sees incing the making ol copies by ay pao proses or by clea ct EGU nebegcrs Cnn benraares ‘ing bined tome cpyish peprcese 506.24506.22 3.9—Hot weather shotereting 3.10—Cold water shotereting 3.11—Protection 3.12—Tolerances FOREWORD F1. This foreword is included for explanatory purposes only; it does not form a part of Standard Specification ACI 506.2. F2, Standard Specification ACI 506.2 is a reference stan- dard which the ArchitecvEngineer may cite in the project specifications for any project, together with supplementary requirements for the specific project. 3, Each technical section of Standard Specification ACI 506.2 is written in the three-part section format of the Con- struction Specification Institute, as adapted by ACI and ‘modified to ACI requirements. The language is generally ‘imperative and terse. F4. Checklists do not form a part of Standard Specifica- tion ACI 506.2. Checklists are t0 assist the Architect/Engi- reer in properly choosing and specifying any necessary requirements for the project specifications. PREFACE TO SPECIFICATIONS CHECKLIST PI. Standard Specification ACI 506.2 is intended to be used by reference or incorporation in its entirety in the Project Specifications. Individual sections, articles, or para~ graphs shall not be copied into the Project Specifications, since taking them out of context may change their meaning ACI STANDARD PR, If sections or parts of Standard Specification ACI ‘506.2 are edited into Project Specifications or any other doe- ‘umeat, they shall not be referred to as ACT Standards, since the Standard Specification has been altered. P3. Building codes set minimum requirements necessary to protect the public. These Standard Specifications may stiptlate requirements more restrictive than the minimum. Adjustments to the needs of a particular project shall be mad: by the ArchitecvEngineer by reviewing each of the items in the Specifications Checklist and then including the “ArchitecvEngineer’s decision on each item as a mandatory requirement in the Project Specifications. P4, These mandatory requirements designate the specific ‘qualities, procedures, materials, and performance eriteria for which alternatives are permitted or for which provisions were not made in the Standard Specifications. Exceptions to the Standard Specifications shall be made in the Project Specifications if required. PS, A statement such as the following will serve to make Standard Specifications ACI $06.2 a part of the Project Specifications. “Work on _(Project Title) _ shall conform to all the requirements of ACI 506.2 Standard Specification for Shoterete, published by the American Conerete Insti- tute, Detroit, Michigan, except as modified by the requirements of these Contract Documents.” P6, The Standard Specifications Checklist identifies Ar- chitecUEngineer choices and alternatives. The checklists identify the sections, parts, and articles of the Standard Spec- iffcations and the action required by the ArchitecUEngineer. MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST on ParVATIC TI=Froportoning Notes tothe Arhitea/Enpincer ‘SPT GET SENATE THO SpeT WORE OPE OFS Pca ROPORIGN WUE 53Sarace preparation Tales ‘Specify sul: Sometimes spec surlac pepuation is equted io assure Bond A Tough surice provider We BEE ‘ond, Specifying a reveals lp I may be difcul to measure bond srength, I also maybe necessary to femove existing correo shotrete all for prope einorcement encasement, I some caes, bond oan exiting surface may not be needed, IFbond is not equire,specis wha results equed ‘Coating material sed on soteee forms mst be wed with ation, Sbootng aint forms emoves surface mts and mixes it with the shtcret tht may alter hesotretepropertiss. Form coating materials may also terre with ‘ho bond of subsequent ayer of shocerete Specity if special surface preparation between layers of shore is equred. Preparation can be accomplished by scraping, rooming, hgh rescue water lasting er sandblasting a ‘Specify toleance based on function and appearma= Stee 1gPEATy UTI To TES TIERS Ww EIT plae coerce Somtimes no oleraess ae specie, while sometimes shot olerances ar moresed by fate times ove the olevanees provided in ACT 117 ‘SeationPaAnicle Ta Reta wander OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST Notes tothe ArchitectEngineer ise TGR TSEREES We PROVTRT a TEL THEY et Tegal daca TR GT BS RITES TTS shore specification Te relerqes, however, provide excellent information, aod can prove helpful it the desian, {he constuctioa, andthe nspoction of shaerete work "ACL S06.R Evaluation of ln Place Shotcete AACIS06R Guide Centfeston of ShareteNozzieman ACTSOSR Guide Shore ACTS06.IR__Slatesofthe-Art Report on Fher Reinforced Shoteret Lama Sy ter aia re needed ic 3 ik propor and els ReSonnNan TT WHET HPT‘SPECIFICATION FOR SHOTCRETE 505.23 OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST, continued ‘Seotion/Pan/Amticle Tal RET TIA Sieree ae aT Fai ae ahaa T= Cea RE TITRA RTE Saar 333 Sure epaon 333s Sao ‘35—Aljganent cou ‘361—Applicaton Tee oT TORE Rae aor Oca wena 1S Sahar ‘Notes to the Architect/Engineer SR RARE RCT ET ATT ST ONT or TTT TO RET ROS Spay pean nyo sonal ee td Wiccan ts tt way il rp Eanples ae: onrt aption salb, sea Cerne tas nin cobs Use conga al easier ‘infareZepnic ea wi str meal noma andeuimene Tecan sls wee set mittee The conmcasny ssc eas on revs jb wh ame mates, eon adept he caps oa ge conteate niuig bseona of pcoareaon tag nul eho sss win STRUCT nd tgs nade th AST C118 aon compresses pedo peta eo ef eed tee Whe egestas ‘Sats tas ocommennct eel seep ttc esas equity sane pace encour {Eien sone nod Fem as meyer oftwsny a! apne ec ‘ante agnor seal ove conece ssc degre omer bso crs or ssvedcastloitt son pel Cenc cenph hover atprendobo08S ea mins es {Geraint cosas we Sue aye hceng oan ees, ‘fain Social pl open ta rare ee warp ete eeien, Tiernan shes Sint syndy sgh meseman esheets Nounan Corifeaan ACIsIBaE kept sea) ame tte racine el oes Sseteaton Te pcg ary, onercan sect) enan eta cree wi 36S shoring Ling hove ust mat Saye Se aS i Cel crs ue ona ORES CRT TB TAT sie one cee we fern sta om. ea aT RT RT RI ASTM TS om ET mH DERI oR REE WAT CB Bae ee a omen gp on sliae conse Cations arabe canons Speci i tier ara. ope of Testa raquved, Spcly err Tor accepance. Oe gadis papas’ By TE ‘contacto may be accepabe ifthe contacter can demonstate satsactory perfomance ander simi Sondons Of SPOR wc a eg TIT See Ca ey ae eS igen ae neers neers Geet aero oe unset testa g et fhe ee? won ome eat re ny ea nt STRAUS tare ran can arcane ea ea eas rennet fete een eee eae ee See ee eee ae el te oor ct pve scien i nrg Seer eee St lan ei ahh vg fap at ————————— Se noe ow TEES Sd Polina fe Soniye arene! hae ot ok ee Tai Ray Warnick ee cen hea ae aren oy tunes grt crefaeie ee ee re ee ore ee eee mimegn an i ar ar SS Mer tlvona Bistarndteabenorch oaieey rararmammtm ie cece ere eacle Seseunemnianoes eee CSS Scare eC acer Pi elope epeipee reiodileetope hrm es trendy certo epo snd oenee secretes eee atone ee SUBMITTALS CHECKLIST Notes tothe Architect/Engineer Proposed oer wi Ts faa aus Weg.506.2-4 SECTION 1—GENERAL, 1.A—Scope ‘This Standard Specification describes the requirements for ‘materials, proportioning, and application of shoterete, 1.2—Definitions ‘Accepted —Accepted by or acceptable to the ArchiteclEn- sineer. Architect/Engineer-—The architect, engineer, architectur- al firm, engineering firm or architectural and engineering firm issuing project drawings and specifications or adminis- {ering the work under the Contract Documents. Contract Documents—Documents covering the required work and including the project drawings and project speci cations, Contractor—The person, firm, or corporation that the owner enters into an agreement with for construction of the work Core grade—Quality ranking of a shotcrete core. Dry-mix shoterete—Shoterete in which most of the water is added atthe nozzle. Fiber-reinforced shoterete (FRS)—Shoterete mixed with discrete discontinuous fibers commonly made of stel, plas- tic, or alkali resistant (AR) glass. Finish coat—Final thin coat of shoterete preparatory to hand finishing. Flash coat—Thin shotcrete coat applied from a distance greater than normal for use as a final coat or for finishing. Ground wire—Wire used to establish Tine and grade for shotcrete work. Gun-—Dry-mix shoterete delivery equipment, Gun finish—Undisturbed final layer of shoterete as ap- plied from nozzle without hand finishing; also known as nat- ural or nozele finish, ‘Nozele—Attachment at end of delivery hose from where shoterete is projected, ‘Nozeleman—Worker on shotcrete crew who manipulates the nozzle, controls consistency of dry-mix shoterete, and controls final disposition of the material. Overspray—Shoterete material deposited away from the intended receiving surface by air blast Owner—The corporation, association, partnership, indi vidual, or public body or authority with whom the contractor enters into agreement and for whom the work is provided. Rebound-—~Shotcrete material that ricachets off the receiv- ing surface. Sandirock pocket-—A porous zone in the shoterete con- taining aggregate with reduced mortar content Shooting—Act of applying shotcrete. ‘Shotcrete—Mortar or concrete pneumatically projected onto a surface at high velocity. ‘Sloughing—Subsidence of shoterete, due generally to cessive water in mixture or to vibration of continuous rein- forcement ot formwork. Submitted —Submitted to the ArchitecVEngineer for re- Wer-mix shoterete—Shotcrete in which plastic concrete ‘ACI STANDARD with cement, aggregate, and water are first mixed together before introduction into the delivery hose. Work—The entire construction or separately identifiable parts that are required to be furnished under the Contract Documents. Work is the result of performing services, fur- nishing labor, and providing and incorporating materials and equipment into the construction, all as required by the Con- ‘act Documents. 1.3—Reference organizations acl Anrrican Concrete Institute P.O, Box 9004 Farnington Hills, Michigan 48333 ASTM Anperican Society for Testing and Materials 100 Bar Harbor Dr. ‘West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959 sec Steel Structures Painting Council 44400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 1.4—Reference standards “The following Reference Standards are referred to in this spevification and declared to be a part of this Standard Spec iffeation: 14.1 ACI Standards ACL301-89 Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings, paragraph 5.7.1 and Chapter 9 14.2. ASTM Standards A185 Specifications for Wire Fabric, Plain, Welded ‘Steel for Concrete Reinforcement AGS Specifications for Bars, Deformed and Plain, Bit- let-Steel, for Concrete Reinforcement A820 Specifications for Steel Fibers for Fiber Rein- forced Concrete C31 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates C42 Test Methods for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete $4 Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete C109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydrau- lic Cement Mortars C150 Specification for Portland Cement CITI Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Con- rete C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming ‘Compounds for Curing Concrete 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements C18 Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Caleined ‘Natural Pozzolan for use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement ConcreteSPECIFICATION FOR SHOTCRETE C642 Test Method for Specific Gravity, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete C685 Specification for Concrete made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing C989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Fur- nace Slag for use in Conerete and Mortars C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shoterete C1140 Standard Practice for Preparing and Testing Spee- mens from Shotcrete Test Panels. Standard Specification for Admixtures for Shot- crete 1.4.3 SSPC Standards SP6 Surface Preparation Specification No. 6, Commer- cial Blast Cleaning cut 1.5—Submittals ‘Submit proposed mix characteristics including: + Proportions by weights or volumes. + Strength + Water-cementitious materials ratio + Aggregate source and grading Cement type and brand + Water source if other than potable + Proportions + Admixtures data sheets + Test results Submit preconstruction test panel results when required. 1.6—Quality assurance 1.6.1 Preconstruction testing 1.6.1.1 Prepare preconstruction test panels for examina- tion by ArchitecvEngineer prior to job shoterete placement Preparation and testing shall comply with ASTM C 1140. 1.6.1.2 Produce test panels for each proposed mix pro= portion, each anticipated shooting orientation, and each pro- posed nozzleman. Mixes shall meet requirements of section 2.7—Proportioning. In half ofthe test panels provide rein- forcement of the same size and spacing required for the work. Obtain six test specimens from each panel, three non- reinforced specimens and three with reinforcing stel 1.6.13 Test the nonreinforced specimens for compli- ance with the specified physical properties in accordance with ASTM C42. 1.6.14 Visually grade the reinforced specimens for compliance with specified core grade (Section 1.7—Shot- crete core grades) 1.6.1.5 Test admixtures for compatibility wih cement in accordance with ASTM C 1141 1.6.1.6 Unless otherwise specified, only nozzlemen with a test panel mean core grade less than or equal to 2.5 (ection 1.7) shall be allowed to place job shoterete. When the prequalification test panel is rejected, a second panel may be shot. When the nozzleman's second mean core grade is sreater than 2.5, the nozzleman shall not be permitted to shoot on the project. 1.62 Construction testing 506.25 1.6.2.1 Produce a material test panel for each mix and each work day or every 50 cubic yards placed, whichever is less. Test panel shall be kept moist and at 70 F + 10 F until ‘moved to test laboratory. Obtain test specimens either from job site material test panel or from in-place shotcrete, Test specimens from test panels in compliance with ASTM C 1140, 1.6.2.2 Test specimens from in-place shoterete in com- pliance with ASTM C42. 1.6.2.3 Grade cores that include reinforcement in accor- dance with section 1.7—Shoterete core grades. 1.6.2.4 The mean compressive strength of a set of three cores shall equal or exceed 0.85 J.’ with no individual core less than 0.75 f. The mean of a set of three cubes shall equal or exceed f with no individual cube less than 0.88 f. 1.7Shoterete core grades 17.1 Grade 1: Shoterete specimens are soli there are no laminations, sandy areas or voids, Small air voids with ‘maximum diameter of in. and maximum length of "in. are normal and acceptable, Sand pockets, or voids behind continuous reinforcing steel are unacceptable, The surface against the form or bond plane shall be sound, without a sandy texture or voids. 17.2 Grade 2: Shotcrete specimens shall have no more than two laminations or sandy areas with dimensions not to exceed "in. thick by 1 in. long. The height, width and depth (of voids shall not exceed” in, Porous areas behind reinforc- ing steel shall not exceed in. in any direction except along the length of the reinforcing steel. The surface against the form or bond plane shall be sound, without a sandy texture or voids. 17.3 Grade 3: Shoterete specimens shall have no more than two laminations or sandy areas with dimensions ex- Grade 1506.26 [ACI STANDARD Grade 5 ceeding Vin. thick by fin. long, oF one major void, sand pocket, or lamination containing loosely bonded sand not to exceed %/y in, thick and I'f in. in width, The surface against the form or bond plane may be sandy with voids containing ‘overspray to a depth of Yin 1.7.4 Grade 4 core: The core shall meet in general the re quirements of Grade 3 cores, but may have two major flaws such as described for Grade 3 or may have one flaw with a Grade 4 maximum dimension of 1 in. (25 mm) perpendicular to the face of the core with a maximum width of I in. The end of the core that was shot against the form may be sandy and ‘with voids containing overspray to a depth of "yi. 1.7.5 Grade 5 core: A core that does not meet the criteria ‘of core grades | through 4, by being of poorer quality, shall be classified as Grade 1.7.6 Determination of grade shall be by computing the ‘mean of a minimum of three test specimens. 1.7.7 A mean grade of 2.5 of ess is acceptable unless oth enwise specified. Individual shotcrete cores with a grade greater than 3 are unacceptable, 1.7.8 The above core grades are based on cores with a sur- face area of 50 in.? For cores with greater or lesser area than 50 in, adjust allowable flaws relative to 50 in? 1.8 Evaluation of in-place shoterete Remove and replace shoterete that is delaminated, exhibits laminations, voids, or sand pockets exceeding the limits for the specified grade or shotcrete. Remove and replace shot- rete that does not comply with the specified material prop- ties. Repair core holes in accordance with Chapter 9 of ACI 301. Do not fill core holes by shooting, 1.9—Acceptanee 1.9.1 Shoterete work that meets applicable requirements will be accepted 1.9.2 Shoterete work that has previously failed to meet one for more requirements, but which has been repaired to bring it into compliance, will be accepted. 1.9.3 Shoterete work that fails to meet one or more re- {quirements and which cannot be brought into compliance ‘may be accepted or rejected. Modifications may be required‘SPECIFICATION FOR SHOTCRETE. to assure that remaining work complies with the require- meats. 2.1—Cement Portland cement: ASTM C 150. Type I 2.2—Ageregate Normal weight ageregate: ASTM C 33. Aggregate not meeting ASTM C 33 may be used provided preconstruction tests demonstrate the shotcrete can meet specified require- ments. Lightweight aggregate: ASTM C 330 2.3—Reinforcement Deformed stee! reinforcement: ASTM A 615 Welded wire fabric: ASTM A 185 Steel fibers: ASTM A 820 and C 1116 Glass fibers: ASTM C 1116 Synthetic fibers: ASTM C 1116 2.4—Water Clean and potable Mixing water for shoterete shall meet requirements of ASTM C94, ‘Water shall be free of elements that cause stains when used on architectural finishes, 2.$—Admixtures Water-reducing: ASTM C 1141 Retarding: ASTM C 1141 Accelerating: ASTM C 1141 Air-entraining: ASTM C 1141 Fly ash and natural pozzolans: ASTM C 618 Ground granulated blast-furnace slag: ASTM C 989 Silica fume: ASTM C 1240 2.6—Curing materials Curing materials that cause stains on architectural finishes shall not be used. Sheet materials: ASTM C 171 Curing compounds: ASTM C 309, apply twice the cover- age (double the application rate) recommended by manufac- turers 2.7—Proportioning Select shoterete proportions to produce the specified ma- terial properties. Shotcrete mix proportions using normal weight aggregate shall produce the following 28-day material property: ff: ASTMC 42; ASTM C1140 Air content: ASTM C 173 or C231 508.27 ‘Table 2.7—Total air content for frost resistant concrete* ‘Nominal maximum aggregate size! [Total airconen, percent Tartan ———J 7 Great than 6 1 Ses ASTM C10 for aleranss fr areas mia maim sis designs. * atten of 1 percent sal be alowed 2.8Fiber-reinforced shoterete ASTMC 1116 2,9—Prebagged materials ‘Are allowable with predampening. 2.10—Delivery, storage, and handling Deliver, store, and handle materials to prevent contamina- tion, segregation, corrosion or damage. Store liquid admix- tures in order to prevent evaporation and freezing ‘SECTION 3—EXECUTION 3A—Examination + Verity that surfaces are acceptable and are ready 10 re- ceive work. + Verify that forms are to line and grade, braced against vibration, and constructed to permit escape of air and rebound, ‘+ Verify that placement and clearance around ‘ment permits complete encasement. + Verify that surfaces to receive shoterete have been properly prepared according to the Contract Docu- meats. 3.2—Batching and mixing ‘Weight batching shall comply with the accuracy specified in ASTM C94, ‘Volume batching shall comply with the accuracy specified in ASTM C 685. Volume batching shall be verified once a week by a weight batching check. Use batching and mixing equipment capable of propor- tioning and mixing the required materials. Shoot dry-mix shoterete material within 45 min after batching or predampening. This requirement does not in- clude dry, prebagged material unless prebagged material is predampened, Shoot wet-mix shotcrete material within 90 min after batching. 3.3_Surface preparation, 3.3.1 Earth—Prepare surfaces to line and grade. Do not apply shotcrete to frozen surface. Dampen surface immedi- ately prior to shooting, 3.3.2 Concrete, masonry, and shotcrete—When bonding is required, remove all deteriorated, loose unsound material of contaminants that may inhibit bonding. Chip areas to be repaired to remove offsets causing abrupt changes in thick-506.2-8 ness. Taper edges to eliminate square shoulders atthe perim- eter of a cavity Surface shall be saturated surface dry immediately prior to shooting. 3.33 Structural/reinforcement—The surface shall be free of deleterious materials that inhibit bonding. For new con- struction, reinforcement laps shall be separated with aclear- ance of at least three times the diameter of largest aggregate. Reinforcement shall be secured to prevent movement. 3.3.4 Rock—Remove loose material, mud or other foreign ‘material that will prevent bonding. Clean surface. Prewet surface immediately prior to shooting. 335 Forms—Use form-release coating material on re- movable forms, Secure forms to minimize the effects of vie bration. Construct forms to allow escape of placement air and rebound, 34 Joints ‘3.4.1 Construction joints—Taper construction joints at a1 to 1 slope where joint is not subject to compression loads. Surface preparation of joints shall comply with section 3.3.2. Continue reinforcement through construction joint. 3.4.2 Control joints—Place as shown on drawings. Discontinue reinforcement at control joints. 3.8—Alignment control Tnstall taut ground wires or other means to establish thick- ness and plane of required surface. Install taut ground wires or other means at comners or off sets not established by forms. 3.6—Application 13.6.1 Placement techniques—Provide a platform that per- mits nozzleman unobstructed access to the receiving surface. Place shoterete first in comers, recesses, and other areas where rebound or overspray cannot escape easily. Remove tebound and overspray from previously prepared surfaces prior to shotcrete placement. Place shoterete with nozzle held approximately perpendic- ular to the receiving surface. In comers, direct nozzle at ap- proximately 45 deg angle or bisect the corner angle. Apply shotcrete so sags or sloughing do not occur. Discontinue shooting or shield the nozzle stream if wind causes separa- tion of ingredients during shooting, ‘Do not reuse rebound or overspray. Remove laitance from shotcrete surfaces to receive additional shotcrete layers. Sur- face preparation after final set shall comply with section 3.3.2. Do not apply shotcrete on surfaces with standing water ‘or running water, Remove hardened overspray and rebound from adjacent surfaces, including exposed reinforcement. 346.2 Encasement of reinforcement—Place shotcrete t0 completely encase reinforcing steel. Encase reinforcement by shooting with sufficient velocity and plasticity so material flows around and behind the reinforcement. Front face of re inforcement shall remain clean during encasement. ‘ACISTANDARD Place shotcrete to provide the cover over reinforcement re- aquired by ACI 301. Minimum slump of wet-mix shoterete is 1 in. 3 Finishing Gan finish or as specified. Broom or roughen the surface of freshly placed shoterete after shoterete has reached initial set when subsequent layers are tbe applied. 38—Curing Immediately after finishing, cure shotcrete continuously by roaintaining in a moist condition for seven days or until specified strength is attained or until succeeding shoterete layers ae placed. Cure by one of the following methods: + Ponding or continuous sprinkling + Covering with an absorptive mat or sand that is kept ‘continuously wet + Covering with impervious sheet material + Curing compounds [Natural curing shall be permitted if ambient relative hu- icity is maintained above 95 percent. 3.9—Hot weather shotereting Do notplace shoterete when material temperature is above 90 F for wet mix; 100 F for dry mix. Lower temperature of reinforcement and receiving surfaces below 100 F prior to shooting, 3.10-Cold weather shotereting ‘Shooting may proceed when ambient temperature is 40 F and rising, 50 F for atex-modified shotcrete. Shooting shall discontinue when ambient temperature is 40 F and falling. uunkss protective measures are taken to protect shotcret. Shotcrete material temperature, when shot, shall not be less than 50 F or more than 90 F. Shoterete shall not be placed against frozen surfaces. Applicable procedures used for cold weather conereting may be used for cold weather shot-cret- ing. 3.11—Protection Protect surfaces not intended for shoterete placement against deposit of rebound and overspray or impact from nozzle stream, Remove rebound and hardened overspray from final shot- crete surfaces and from areas not intended for shoterete placement. 3.12—Tolerances Tolerances of shoterete shall comply as specified. 1NC13062-95 wate eter ll of comnts ant speed in ethane wh A stanardaten reres ©The AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE was founded in 1905 as a nonprofit membership organization dedicated to public service and to representing user interests in the field of concrete. It gathers and distributes information on the improvement of design, construc- tion, and maintenance of concrete products and structures. The work of the Institute is done by individual members and by volunteer committees. The committees, as well as the Institute as a whole, operate under a consensus format, which assures all members the right to have their views considered. Committee activities include the development of building codes and specification standards; analysis of research and development results; presentation of construction and repair techniques; and education. Anyone interested in the activities of the Institute is encouraged to seek membership. There are no educational or employment requirements. En- gineers, architects, scientists, constructors, and representatives from a va~ riety of companies and organizations form the Institute membership. All members are eligible and encouraged to participate in committee ac- tivities that relate to their specific areas of interest. Membership information, a publications catalog, and listings of educational activities are available. american concrete institute BOX 19150, REDFORD STATION DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48219