Law Enforcement Administration
Law Enforcement Administration - the process
involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper obedience
of laws and related statutes. Focuses on the policing
process  or how law enforcement agencies are organized
and manage in order to achieve the goals of law
enforcement most effectively, efficiently and
productively.
Law - the system of rules that a particular country or
community recognizes as regulating the actions of its
members and may enforce by the imposition of
penalties.
Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law,
regulation or command.
Administration - an organizational process concerned
with the implementation of objectives and plans and
internal operating efficiency. Connotes bureaucratic
structure and behavior, relative routine decision-making
and maintenance of the internal order.
Sir Robert Peel - considered a "father of law
enforcement".
Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles of Policing
1. The basic mission for which the police exist is to
prevent crime and disorder.
2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is
dependent upon public approval of police actions.
3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the
public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to
secure and maintain the respect of the public.
4. The degree of cooperation of the public that can be
secured diminishes proportionally to the necessity of the
use of force.
5. Police seek and preserve public favor not by catering
to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating
absolute impartial service to the law.
 
6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary to
secure observance of the law or to restore order only
when the expertise of persuasion, advice and warning is
found to be insufficient.
7. Police at all time should maintain a relationship with
the public that gives reality to the historic tradition;
the police are the public and the public are the police.
The police being only full time individuals charged with
the duties that are incumbent on all of the citizens.
8. Police should always direct their actions strictly
towards their functions and never appear to usurp the
powers of the judiciary.
9. The test of police efficiency is  the absence of crime
and disorder not the visible evidence of police action in  Principles of efficient Management
dealing with it.
Administration of Police Organization
Police - one of the pillars of the criminal justice system
that has the specific responsibility of maintaining law
and order and combating crime within the society.
         - comes from Latin "politia"-civil administration
which itself derives from the ancient Greek police "city"
Administration - an organizational process concerned
with the implementation of objectives and plans and
internal operating efficiency.
Organization - a group of persons working together for
a common goal or objectives.
Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in
the field of public safety administration engaged in the
achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the
maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and
property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of
crimes.
Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law,
regulation or command.
Law Enforcement Agency - pertains to an
organization responsible for enforcing the laws.
Objectives - refer to the purpose by which the
organization was created. Refer to the goals of the
organization.
Supervision - means the act of watching over the work
or tasks of the members of the organization to ensure
that desired results are achieved.
Management - the process of directing and facilitating
the work of people organized in formal groups in order
to achieve objectives. Judicious or wise use of resources
(manpower, material, money, equipment,
supplies and time).
Hierarchy - represents the formal relationship among
superiors and subordinates in any given organization.
Serves as the framework for the flow of authority
downward and obedience upward, through the
department.
Authority - the right to command and control the
behavior of employees in lower positions within an
organizational hierarchy. Must be viewed in terms of
prescribed roles rather than of individuals.
A particular position within the organization. Carries the
same regardless of who occupies that position.
Management/Administrative Functions
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Directing
4. Controlling
5. staffing
6. Reporting
7. Budgeting
* Division of work - work specialization can increase
   efficiency with the same amount of effort.
* Authority and Responsibility- authority includes the
   right to command and the power to require
   obedience. One cannot have authority without
   responsibility.
* Discipline - necessary for an organization to function
   effectively, however, the state of the disciplinary
   process depends upon the quality of its leaders.
* Unity of Command - subordinate should receive
   orders from one superior only.
* Scalar Chain - the hierarchy of authority is the order
   of ranks from the highest to the lowest levels of the
   organization. Shows the vertical hierarchy of the
   organization which defines an unbroken chain of
   units from top to bottom describing explicitly the
   flow of authority.
Organizational Units in the Police Organization
1. Functional Units
   
   Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a
    large department; comprised of several divisions.
    Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
    Section - functional unit within a division that is
    necessary for specialization.
    Unit - functional group within a section or the
    smallest functional group within an organization.
2. Territorial Units
    Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is
    assigned for duty.
    Route - a length of streets designated for patrol
    purpose, also called line beat.
    Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes
    whether foot or motorized.
    Sector - an area containing two or more beat,
    route or post.
    District - a geographical subdivision of a city for
    patrol purposes, usually with its own station.
 
    Area - a section or territorial division of a large city
    each comprised of designated districts.
EVOLUTION OF THE POLICING SYSTEM
ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”
POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of
the city
POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the
state or government
POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the
English language
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
1.  HOME RULE THEORY
    - policemen are regarded as servants of the
community, who rely for the efficiency of their functions
upon the express needs of the people.
    - policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the
preservation of public peace and security.
   
2. CONTINENTAL THEORY
    - policemen are regarded as state or servants of the
higher authorities
    - the people have no share or have little participation
with the duties nor connection with the police
organization.
CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE
1. OLD CONCEPT
    - police service gives the impression of being merely
a suppressive machinery
    - this philosophy advocates that the measurement of
police competence is the increasing number of arrests,
throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than
trying to prevent them from committing crimes
2. MODERN CONCEPT
    - regards police as the first line of defense of the
criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention
    - police efficiency is measured by the decreasing
number of crimes
    - broadens police activities to cater to social services
and has for its mission the welfare of the individual as
well as that of the community in general.
EARLY POLICING SYSTEM
1. KIN POLICING
    - the family of the offended individual was expected
to assume responsibility for justice
    - the family of the victim was allowed to exact
vengeance
2. EGYPT
    - ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them
    - created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whose
duties include guarding of the tombs and apprehending
thieves
    - introduced the use of dogs as guards and
protectors.
3. ROME
    - created the first organized police force called
VIGILES OF ROME, or VIGILES URBANI (watchmen of
the city), which had the primary task of firefighting and
policing
    - the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehending
thieves, keeping an eye out for burglars and hunting
down runaway slaves, and were on occasion used to
maintain order in the streets
    - the Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and
looked for disturbances of the peace while they patrolled
the streets
    - created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS,
a special force of guards used by Roman Emperors as
the Emperors' personal guards
    - as personal guards of the Emperor, their primary
duty was to protect the Emperor from assassination and
other forms of attack against the Emperor.
4. ENGLAND
    a) FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM/MUTUAL PLEDGE SYSTEM
    - required all males aged 12 and above to join a
group of nine to form a TYTHING
    - members of the tything are called a TYTHINGMEN
    - a CONSTABLE served as a leader of ten tythings
    - the primary task of the things was to protect their
village from thieves and animals
    - tythings were later organized into SHIRES
    - a shire was headed by a leader called SHIRE REEVE,
which is the origin of the word “sheriff”
    - their duty was to apprehend offenders
    b) PARISH CONSTABLES
    - a parish official charged with controlling crimes
    - appointed to serve for one year
    - duties included organizing watchmen to guard the
gates
    - during trouble, the watchman would raise a “HUE
AND CRY”, a call to arms where the rest of the parish
would stop what they were doing and come to the aid of
the constable.
MODERN POLICING SYSTEM
1) ENGLAND
    a. BOWSTREET RUNNERS - a group of men
organized to arrest offenders.
      - organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate in  
London,in 1749 in London, England.
      - the name was adopted from the name of the
street where the office of Henry Fielding was located.
      - when Henry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was
replaced by his blind brother, John Fielding
    b. METROPOLITAN POLICE OF ACT 1829
      - the law that created the first modern police force
in London England, called the Metropolitan Police
Service.
      - this law was passed through the initiative of Sir
Robert Peel, a member of the Parliament
      - the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police
Service is the Scotland Yard, now known as the New
Scotland Yard
SIR ROBERT PEEL - recognized as the father of
modern policing system.
2. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
    a. NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT
     - created in 1845 in New York, USA
     - recognized as the first modern style police
department in the US.
     - the largest police force in the world
     - modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of
London
    b. BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT
     - the oldest police department in the US
     - the first night watch was established in Boston in
1631.
     - formally founded in May, 1854.
AUGUST VOLLMER - recognized as the Father of
Modern Law Enforcement for his contributions in the
development of the field of criminal justice in the US
- author of the book, Police Administration, which
served as the basic guide in the administration of the
police organization in the US
- was the first police chief of Berkeley, California.
Important Personalities in the Evolution of
Philippine Policing
Brig.Gen. Rafael Crame - the first Filipino Chief of the
Philippine Constabulary in 1917.
Col. Antonio Torres - the first Filipino Chief of Police of
the Manila Police Department in 1935.
Col. Lambert Javalera -  the first chief of police of the
Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of America in
1946
Dir.Gen. Cesar Nazareno - the first chief of the
Philippine National Police.
HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 – THE DEPARTMENT OF
THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF
1990, RA 8551 – THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF
1998 and RA 9708
A. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL 
     GOVERNMENT (DILG)
    - formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
    - reorganized under RA 6975
ORGANIZATION: - consist of:
a) the Department proper
b) existing bureaus and offices of the DLG
c) local government units (LGU)
    1) provincial governors
    2) city and municipal mayors
d) the National Police Commission
e) the Philippine Public Safety College
f) Philippine National Police
g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
  - the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA
6975
  - headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the
President and who shall serve at the pleasure of the
President
  - the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2)
Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries
      a) Undersecretary for Local Government
      b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order
  - No retired or resigned military officer or police official
may be appointed as Secretary within one (1) year from
date of retirement or resignation
  - the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the
National Police Commission
 
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG
1. Assist the President in the exercise of general
supervision over local governments;
2. Advise the President in the promulgation of policies,
rules, regulations and other issuances on the general
supervision over local governments and on public order
and safety;
3. Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other
issuance's implementing laws on public order and
safety, the general supervision over local governments
and the promotion of local autonomy and community
empowerment and monitor compliance thereof;
4. Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local
governments, law enforcement and public safety;
Establish and prescribe plans, policies, programs and
projects to promote peace and order, ensure public
safety and further strengthen the administrative,
technical and fiscal capabilities of local government
offices and personnel;   6. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National
Appellate Board, personnel administrative
5. Formulate plans, policies and programs which will actions involving the demotion or dismissal from the
meet local emergencies arising from natural and man- service imposed upon members of the Philippine
made disasters; Establish a system of coordination and National Police by the Chief of the Philippine National
cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and Police;
the Department, to ensure effective and efficient   7. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the Regional
delivery of basic services to the public; Appellate Boards, over administrative cases against
policemen and over decisions on claims for police
6. Organize, train and equip primarily for the
benefits;
performance of police functions, a police force that is
  8. Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment,
national in scope and civilian in character.
and uniforms and, after consultation with the Philippine
Heraldry Commission, for insignia of ranks, awards,
RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE
medals of honor;
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
  9. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in
- under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
matters pertaining to the discharge of its own powers
(AFP) was in charge with external security while the
and duties, and designate who among its personnel can
DILG was in charge with internal security
issue processes and administer oaths in connection
- under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
therewith;
is now in charge with both internal and external security
  10. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP
with the PNP as support through information
on the established criteria for manpower allocation,
gathering and performance of ordinary police
distribution and deployment and their impact on the
functions.
community and the crime situation, and thereafter
formulate appropriate guidelines for maximization of
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
resources and effective utilization of the PNP personnel;
- an agency attached to the DILG for policy
   coordination
  11. Monitor the performance of the local chief
- shall exercise administrative control and
executives as deputies of the Commission; and
   operational supervision over the PNP.
  12. Monitor and investigate police anomalies and
irregularities.
VISION OF THE NAPOLCOM
"We envision the National Police Commission as a
B. Advise the President on all matters involving police
highly dynamic, committed and responsive
functions and administration;
administering and controlling body, actively and
effectively facilitating the evolvement of a highly
C. Render to the President and to Congress an annual
professional, competent, disciplined, credible and
report of its activities and accomplishments during the
trustworthy PNP"
thirty (30)days after the end of the calendar year, which
shall include an appraisal of the conditions obtaining in
MISSION OF THE NAPOLCOM
the organization and administration of police agencies in
"To administer and control the Philippine National
the municipalities, cities and provinces throughout the
Police with the end in view of maintaining a highly
country, and recommendations for appropriate remedial
professional, competent, disciplined, credible and
legislations;
trustworthy PNP”
D. Recommend to the President, through the Secretary,
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NAPOLCOM
within sixty (60) days before the commencement of
A. Exercise administrative control and operational
each calendar year, a crime prevention program; and
supervision over the Philippine National Police (PNP)
which shall mean the power to:
E. Perform such other functions necessary to carry out
  1. Develop policies and promulgate a police manual
the provisions of R.A. 6975, as amended, other existing
prescribing rules and regulations for efficient
laws and Presidential issuance's, and as the President
organization, administration, and operation, including
may direct.
criteria for manpower allocation distribution and
deployment, recruitment, selection, promotion, and
COMPOSITION OF NAPOLCOM
retirement of personnel and the conduct of qualifying
1. One chairperson
entrance and promotional examinations for uniformed
2. Four regular commissioner
members;
3. The Chief PNP as ex officio member
  2. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish
Note:
standards for such purposes on a continuing basis, the
    * shall serve a term of office of six (6) years
performance, activities, and facilities of all police
        without reappointment or extension
agencies throughout the country;
    * three of the four regular commissioners shall come
  3. Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
       from civilian sector and not former members of the
  4. Conduct annual self-report surveys and compile
       police or military
statistical data for accurate assessment of the crime
    * the fourth regular commissioner shall come from
situation and the proper evaluation of the efficiency and
the law enforcement sector either active or retired
effectiveness of all police units in the country;
    * at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners
  5. Approve or modify plans and programs on education
       shall be a woman
and training, logistical requirements, communications,
    * from among the three regular commissioners
records, information systems, crime laboratory, crime
from the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be
prevention and crime reporting;
chosen
    * the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive
       Officer of the Commission
    * refer to the organizational structure of the
       NAPOLCOM
Important dates in the history of modern
Philippine Policing
 1901 - ACT no. 175 of the Philippine
Commission established the Philippine
constabulary on august 8, 1901.
 1905 - the Philippine constabulary school was
established at the sta.lucia barracks in
Intramuros on February 17, 1905.
 1908 - the Philippine constabulary school was
transferred to Baguio City.
 1916 - the Philippine constabulary school was
renamed academy for officers of the Philippine
constabulary.
 1917 - on December 17, 1917, Brigadier
General Rafael Crame from Rizal Province,
became the first Filipino chief of the Philippine
constabulary.
 1926 - the academy for officers of the
Philippine constabulary was renamed Philippine
Constabulary Academy.
 1936 - the Philippine Constabulary Academy
became the present day Philippine Military
Academy.  management
 1938 - The Philippine Constabulary became
the existing and organized national police force
of the country pursuant to commonwealth act
no. 343 dated June 23, 1938 and EO no. 389
dated December 23, 1950. This decree
integrated local police forces into the
Philippines constabulary operational and
organizational set up.
 1966 - congress enacted RA no. 4864, the
police act of 1966. This law also created the
Police Commission (POLCOM).
 1972 - The POLCOM was reorganized as the
National Police Commission.
 1975 - PD 765 was enacted. This law is called
the Police Integration Law of 1975. The
Integrated National Police was established with
the Philippine Constabulary as nucleus under
the Department of national Defense. The
NAPOLCOM, originally under the office of the
President was transferred to the Ministry of
National defense.
 1985 - The National Police Commission was
returned to the office of the President pursuant
to E.O 1040.
 1989 - Executive order 379 placed the
Integrated national Police directly under the
command, supervision and control of the
President. This order vested the NAPOLCOM
with the powers of administrative control and
supervision over the Integrated National Police.
 1990 - RA 6975 was passed on December 13,
1990 establishing the Philippine National Police
under a reorganized Department of the Interior
and Local Government (DILG). A new National
Police Commission was created under the
DILG.
 1998 - congress passed into law RA no. 8551
on February 25, 1998, otherwise known as the
Philippine National Police reform and
reorganization act of 1998. This act
strengthened and expanded NAPOLCOM, s
authority over the PNP to include
administration of police entrance examination
and conduct pre-charge investigation against
police anomalies and irregularities and
summary dismissal of erring police members.
FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS
- functions that carry out the major purposes of the
organization, delivering the services and dealing
directly with the public
- the backbone of the police department
- examples of the line functions of the police are
patrolling, traffic duties, crime investigation
2. STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- functions that are designed to support the line
functions and assist in the performance of the line
functions
- examples of the staff functions of the police are
planning, research, budgeting and legal advice
3. AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
- functions involving the logistical operations of the
organization
- examples are training, communication, maintenance,
records management, supplies and equipment
ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. OPERATIONAL UNITS
- those that perform primary or line functions
- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice
control,
2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
- those that perform the administrative functions
  examples are personnel, finance, planning and  
  training.
3. SERVICE UNITS
- those that perform auxiliary functions
- examples are communication, records   
  management, supplies.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- the systematic arrangement of the relationship of   the
members, positions, departments and
  functions or work of the organization
- it is comprised of functions, relationships,
  responsibilities and authorities of individuals within
  the organization
KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
1. LINE
- the oldest and simplest kind; also, called military
- defined by its clear chain of command from the  
   highest to the lowest and vice versa
- depicts the line functions of the organization
- orders or commands must come from the higher l 
   level of authority before it can be carried out
- involves few departments
2. FUNCTIONAL
- structure according to functions and specialized units
- depicts staff functions of the organization
- responsibilities are divided among authorities who  - the designation of certain activities or tasks as
  are all accountable to the authority above.
3. LINE AND STAFF
- a combination of the line and functional kind
- combines the flow of information from the line
  structure with the staff departments that service,
  advise, and support them
- generally more formal in nature and has many
  departments
ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES
FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN
ORGANIZATION
1. AUTHORITY
- the supreme source of government for any  
  particular organization
- the right to exercise, to decide and to command   - dictates that immediate commanders shall be
  by virtue of rank and position
2. MUTUAL COOPERATION
- an organization exists because it serves a   
  purpose.
3. DOCTRINE
- provides for the organization’s objectives
- provides the various actions, hence, policies,
  procedures, rules and regulations of the org.  started during the Spanish period. The establishment of
  are based on the statement of doctrines
4. DISCIPLINE
- comprising behavioral regulations
ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. UNITY OF COMMAND
- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN
commanding the unit to ensure uniformity in the
execution of orders
2. SPAN OF CONTROL
- the maximum number of subordinates that a superior
can effectively supervise
Factors affecting the span of control:
a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors
b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees
3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior
   position to a lower-level position.
4. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
- the relationship between superiors and    police by the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836, this
  subordinates
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority
  downward and obedience upward through the
  department
HIERARCHY - represents the formal relationship
among superiors and subordinates in any given
organization
5. SPECIALIZATION
- the assignment of particular personnel to particular
tasks
SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF
SPECIALIZATION)
     
  ones that must be performed in a highly.
  technological, scientific or precise manner
- areas of police specialization include undercover
  works, crime scene operations, legal advising,
  computer work, SWAT operations and others
SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)
- the designation of particular persons as having
  expertise in a specific area of work
- signifies the adaptation of an individual to the
  requirements through extensive training
6. CHAIN OF COMMAND
- the arrangement of officers from top to bottom    
   on the basis of rank or position and authority.
7. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
   responsible for the effective supervision and   
   control.
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING
SYSTEM
The institution of police in the Philippines formally
the police force was not entirely intended for crime
prevention nor peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as
an extension of the colonial military establishment.
Ancient Roots
The forerunner of the contemporary police system was
the practice of barangay chieftains to select
able-bodied young men to protect their barangay
during the night and were not required to work
in the fields during daytime. Among the duties of
those selected were to protect the properties
of the people in the barangay and protect their
crops and livestock from wild animals.
Spanish Period
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica – organized in
1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the
Department of State; this was armed and considered as
the mounted police; years after, this kind of police
organization discharged the duties of a port, harbor and
river police.
Guardrilleros/Cuardillo – this was a body of rural
decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male
inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this
police organization for three years
Guardia Civil – this was created by a Royal Decree
issued by the Crown on 12 February 1852 to partially
relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in
policing towns,it consisted of a body of Filipino
policemen organized originally in each of the provincial
capitals of the central provinces of Luzon under the
Alcalde Mayor
American Period
The Americans established the United States Philippine
Commission headed by General Howard Taft as its first
governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan
Police Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No
70of the Taft Commission. This has become the basis
for the celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s
Finest every January 9th.
ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the
Organization and Government of an Insular
Constabulary”, enacted on July 18, 1901.
Henry T. Allen - Captain of the 6th US cavalry, a
graduate of West Point class 1882. Father of the
Philippine Constabulary. The first chief of the Philippine
Constabulary in 1901.
ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department,
enacted on July 31, 1901.
Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
and the Philippine Public Safety College.
RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National
Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted
on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain
provisions of RA 6975.
RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and
RA 8551 on the minimum educational qualification for
appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion
system; approved on 12 August 2009.
- An Act extending for five (5) years the reglementary 
period for complying with the minimum educational
qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting
the promotion system thereof, amending for the
purpose pertinent provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551
and for other purposes.

CAPT GEORGE CURRY - the first chief of police

 of the Manila Police Department in 1901.

Act No 255 – the act that renamed the Insular

Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary, enacted on
October 3, 1901

Executive Order 389 – ordered that the Philippine

Constabulary be one of the four services of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines, enacted on
December 23, 1940.

Post-American Period

RA 4864 – otherwise known as the Police

Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on September
8, 1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a
supervisory agency to oversee the training and
professionalization of the local police forces under the
Office of the President; later POLCOM was renamed into
National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM).

Martial Law Period

PD 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of

1975,enacted on August 8, 1975; established the
Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the
Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the
integrated local police forces as components, under the
Ministry of National Defense
- transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the
President to the Ministry of National Defense

Post Martial Law Regime

Executive Order No 1012 – transferred to the city and

municipal government the operational supervision and
direction over all INP units assigned within their locality;
issued on July 10, 1985

Executive Order No 1040 – transferred the

administrative control and supervision of the INP
from the Ministry of National Defense to the National
Police Commission

RA 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the

Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on
December 13,1990; reorganized the DILG and
established the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire