POLITEKNIK BANTING SELANGOR

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

INDIVIDUAL REPORT FINAL YEAR PROJECT

(PROJECT 2)
CODE: DJJ6143

“FARM IRRIGATION ROBOT”

NAME: MUHAMMAD ZAIRUL KHUZAIRI BIN

LUMARENG

MATRIC NUMBER: 24DKM18F1082

CLASS: DKM5C
SUPERVISOR NAME: WAN ZULHELMI WAN JUSOH

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thankfully, to the almighty with His Grace, we have succeeded to complete our final year
project assignment successfully. Even though many challenges and obstacles we faced during
fabrication and doing paperwork, we manage well to overcome it with our own patience,
confidence, effort and struggle among group members.
We would like to express our deepest appreciation to all those who provide us the possibility
to complete this report. Our appreciation to given to our great supervisor, WAN ZULHELMI
WAN JUSOH, whose guiding us in giving solutions, ideas and encouragement from the
starting until finishing our project and paperwork.
Finally yet importantly, many thanks to our family, lecturers, friends and who has been
involved directly and indirectly on guiding team during this project. We wish to congratulate
to Polytechnic Banting Selangor for giving us opportunities to continue our diploma.
Finally, we sincerely apologize for wrong and mistaken during the progress on this project. I
hope that this opportunity will always be our common benefits to future.
Thank You.

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 ABSTRACT

The technology has developed in various fields including the agriculture. In agriculture
there are many automatic machines developed in order save the human energy and tie but
they are either won’t be much efficient features or economical in cost.
So we have developed a irrigation robot which is capable of doing all basic function required
to be done by a farmer.

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 CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION 5
1.2PROBLEM NSTATEMENT 5
1.3 OBJECTIVE 5
1.4 SCOP 6
1.5SUMMARY 6
2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRIDUCTION 7
2.2 TYPE OF PROGRAMING 7
2.3 EQUMENT 8-12
2.4 CODDING 13-16
3 METHODOLOGY
18
3.1 INTRODUCTION 18
3.2ORGANIZATION CHART 19
3.3 DATA METHODOLOGY 20
3.4 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD 20
3.5 FINAL DESIGN 21
3.6 COST
22
3.7 FLOW CHART PROJECT 1
23
3.7.1 1FLOW CHART PROJECT 2
3.8 GANT CHART PROJECT 1 23
3.8.1 GANT CHART PROJECT 2 24
3.9 CONCLUSION 24
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
25
25
4.1 INTRODUCTION
25
4.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
26
4.3 PROJECT ANALYSIS
26-27
4.4 STEP DEVELOPING PROJECT
27
4.5 REPORT WRITING
27
4.6.RESULT 27
4.7.DISCUSSION
5 CONCLUSION

5.1 ACHIEVEMENT OF AIM & OBJECTIVE OF 28

RESEARCH 28
5.2 CONTRIBUTION OR IMPACT OF THE PROJECT 29
5.3 IMPROVEMENT & SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE 29
RESEARCH 29
REFERENCES 30

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 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

As the world’s population is tremendously growing every day and land resources
being unutilized, there is a large requirement of agricultural productivity. In order to
increase agriculture productivity “I-farming” is used.

But still there is no autonomous process where the farmer need not spend lot of
energy in his farm and lands for controlling the action for fertilizing, watering, sowing
seeds and maintenance of plants.

In our automating irrigation robot we have developed the features that is availing
the farmers a portable and an easy tool to use that will automated the various
processes that the farmer does.

1.2 Problem Statement

Agriculture is one of the contributors to the country’s economy. One of the
contributors to the country is also smallholders.To achieve the best quality from this
research, it is important to focus on some vital characteristics such as the appropriate
amount of electricity as well as water supply and a suitable schedule for irrigation of
crops. Farmers are facing problems in meeting these standards, especially those living in
poverty. This project looks into developing an automated irrigation system that could be
controlled through mobile application. This system will work to minimize the number of
workers in a crop field, control and save water and electricity, Increase agricultural
production using small quantities of water, minimize manual intervention in watering
operations with increasing watering speed and preserving plants from fungi. All these
features make these research sustainable option to be considered to improve the
agricultural and irrigation efficiency.

1.3 Objective

The purpose of our project is to extinguish a flame in a certain amount of time and having
to get through and obstacle course all at once. The “FARM IRRIGATION ROBOT” can
usually make the farmer work easily to watering the plant.

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1.4 Scope
 Can watering the plant to a height not exceeding 1 meter
 Everyone can use
 To reduce the risk of injury to user

1.5 Summary
From this chapter, we will be able to identify the problem while and try to come up
with the best idea to solve the problem. Instead, I Had the objective of programming for an
approved project and will be continued by the next chapter explaining that research needs to
be done as a reference to a previously implemented project.

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 CHAPTER 2:LITERAATURE REVIEW

2.1 The literature review is important to reinforce our study and research. It must do
because to strengthen the research sought so that the statement presented is true. The
standard that they have used is making the prototype is also considered in the previous
research. From the literature review that has been researched, we can identify the
mistake and improvements that they have made to make the project running. This
helped them to decide if they are going to use the exact standard or used an update or
modern standard as of that moment.

2.3 PROGRAMMING
Arduino is a programming that is suitable for people out there because, basically,
programming in Arduino is not as difficult as in java script programming out there,
Arduino is not just programming one job, in fact we can program more than one job ,
for example we can programming motor, led, sensor, etc. at once. Today I will share a
very simple Arduino USER car in our project.

 ARDUINO UNO R3
 LEPTOP
 MOTOR
 WAYER TYPE A TO TYPE D

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The Arduino is a controlling microcontroller board which is open source so that it can be
further developed.Arduino facilitates the use of electronics in various fields, Arduino can
read input and turn it into output such as activating a device, turn it on LEDs, remote and
automatic controllers, etc. A lot of arduino became an idea included in thousands of projects,
many communities around the world and many circles from students, fans, programmers, to
participating experts on this open-source platform.

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Motors are an inseparable part of many robotics and electronics projects and have different
types you can use depending on their application. Here is some information about different
types of the motors:

DC Motors: DC motor is the most common type of engine that can be used for many
applications. We can see it in remote control cars, robots, and etc. This motor has a simple
structure. It will start rolling by applying proper voltage to its ends and change its direction
by switching voltage polarity. DC motors speed is directly controlled by the applied voltage.
The voltage level is less than the maximum tolerable voltage, the speed would decrease.
Stepper Motors: In some projects such as 3D printers, scanners and CNC machines we need
to know motor spin steps accurately. In these cases, we use Stepper motors. Stepper motor is
an electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. The amou nt of
rotation per step is determined by the motor structure. These motors have a very high
accuracy.
Servo Motors: Servo motor is a simple DC motor with a position control service. By using a
servo you will be able to control the amount of shafts rotation and move it to a specific
position. They usually have a small dimension and are the best choice for robotic arms.
But we can’t connect these motors to microcontrollers or controller board such as Arduino
directly in order to control them since they possibly need more current than a
microcontroller can drive so we need drivers. The driver is an interface circuit between the
motor and controlling unit to facilitate driving. Drives come in many different types. In this
instruction, you learn to work on the L293D motor shield.
L293D shield is a driver board based on L293 IC, which can drive 4 DC motors and 2
stepper or Servo motors at the same time.

Each channel of this module has the maximum current of 1.2A and doesn’t work if the
voltage is more than 25v or less than 4.5v. So be careful with choosing the proper motor

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according to its nominal voltage and current. For more features of this shield let’s mention
compatibility with Arduini UNO and MEGA, electromagnetic and thermal protection of
motor and disconnecting circuit in case of unconventional voltage raise

Wayer type A to type B

You might also have external storage devices or drives that use them. Most USB Type-B
connectors are at one end of a USB Type-B to USB Type-A cable. You plug the Type-B
connector into the printer, scanner or other device and the Type-A connector to the standard
USB port on your computer or laptop

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Delighting as ever with thousands of electronic components around my Arduino board, I’m
realizing only now how the colored jumper wires of various lengths, that I recently purchased
online at various sites of robotics, are practical.

Working on it for some time now, I realize their high practicality. Having different colors they
greatly facilitate their recognition within a prototype (often a tangle of wires) so that they can be
classified by function: red 5V, black GROUND, yellow PWM signal and so on

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 IR INFRARED SENSOR

Nfrared Obstacle Sensor Module has builtin IR transmitter and IR receiver that sends out
IR energy and looks for reflected IR energy to detect presence of any obstacle in front of the
sensor module. The module has on board potentiometer that lets user adjust detection
range. The sensor has very good and stable response even in ambient light or in complete
darkness.

The Obstacle Avoidance Sensors usually come in two types – with 3 and 4 pins. The 3 pin
version does not have the ability to be enabled/disabled. The 4 pin version has optional
Enable pin. Here I am describing the 4 pin version that I have. The information should also
be relevant to other versions of the sensor.

SPECIFICATION

Working Voltage: DC 3.3V-5V

Working Current: ≥20mA

Working Temperature: －10℃—＋50℃

Detection Distance: 2-40cm

IO Interface: 4 wire interface (-/+/S/EN)

Output Signal: TTL voltage

Accommodation Mode: Multi-circle resistance regulation

Effective Angle: 35°

Size: 41.7*16.7mm

Weight: 5g

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2.4 CODDING IRRIGATION ROBOT

// Adafruit Motor shield library

// copyright Adafruit Industries LLC, 2009

// this code is public domain, enjoy!

//including the libraries

#include <AFMotor.h>

AF_DCMotor motor(4);

//defining pins and variables

#define left A0

#define right A1

//defining motors

AF_DCMotor motor1(1, MOTOR12_1KHZ);

AF_DCMotor motor2(2, MOTOR12_1KHZ);

AF_DCMotor motor3(3, MOTOR34_1KHZ);

AF_DCMotor motor4(4, MOTOR34_1KHZ);

void setup() {

//declaring pin types

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 pinMode(left,INPUT);

pinMode(right,INPUT);

//begin serial communication

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop(){

//printing values of the sensors to the serial monitor

Serial.println(digitalRead(left));

Serial.println(digitalRead (right));

//line detected by both (dua2 sensor detect)

if(digitalRead(left)==0 && digitalRead(right)==0){

//Forward

motor1.run(FORWARD);

motor1.setSpeed(250);

motor2.run(FORWARD);

motor2.setSpeed(250);

motor3.run(FORWARD);

motor3.setSpeed(250);

motor4.run(FORWARD);

motor4.setSpeed(250);

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//line detected by left sensor (sensor kiri)

else if(digitalRead(left)==0 && !analogRead(right)==0){

//turn left

motor1.run(BACKWARD);

motor1.setSpeed(150);

motor2.run(BACKWARD);

motor2.setSpeed(150);

motor3.run(FORWARD);

motor3.setSpeed(150);

motor4.run(FORWARD);

motor4.setSpeed(150);

//line detected by right sensor(sensor kanan)

else if(!digitalRead(left)==0 && digitalRead(right)==0){

//turn right

motor1.run(FORWARD);

motor1.setSpeed(150);

motor2.run(FORWARD);

motor2.setSpeed(150);

motor3.run(BACKWARD);

motor3.setSpeed(150);

motor4.run(BACKWARD);

motor4.setSpeed(150);

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}

//line detected by none(sensor dua2 mati)

else if(!digitalRead(left)==0 && !digitalRead(right)==0){

//stop

motor1.run(RELEASE);

motor1.setSpeed(0);

motor2.run(RELEASE);

motor2.setSpeed(0);

motor3.run(RELEASE);

motor3.setSpeed(0);

motor4.run(RELEASE);

motor4.setSpeed(0);

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 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
This chapter is prepared for understanding the objectives and scope of the project.
This project discusses the process flow chart throughout the project perspective selection. It
describes the equipment used during development to produce the project body. It also
discusses the selection of Perspex specifications that should be used for this project followed
by data analys:-
 Aluminum has a very thin layer of oxides on the surface, which stops air and water
getting to the metal, resisting corrosion.

3.2 Organization Chart

3.3 Data Methodology

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  Information From Lecture
>Provide information about how the production of the reports. IV. Meetings with
supervisor who do each week to tell the level of project development projector solving a
problem.

>Take some information about the theory and opinion from the lecture to ensure the
project won’t fail

 Discussion With The Supervisor

>Supervisor is the important role to the project, discuss with supervisor to find the
procedures of the project, approve the ideas from team to ensure the progress can be
run smoothly and clear without any problem

 Research From The Book, Magazine And Internet

>Information are collected from the book, IT magazine and internet surfing.
We do the research, most of it from internet to find the step and information to create
the project. We apply the data and knowledge to our project and make sure the information
are fit with our project

 Study From The Professional People

>By meet the people who know lot of experience about project part, we study the steps, tips
and some useful information from them to help us to create the project.

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 3.4 Data Analysis Method

We drew some design to fit with our project. We drew several designs and we voted for the
best design to use in our project.

With the design that we decide to us in our project. Some research were search such as price
and component durability before buy the component that use in the design that we choose.

The design that had been choose by us just like in Figure 1

FIGURE 1

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3.4 Final Design

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3.5 Cost

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3.7 Flow Chart Throught The Selection Of Perspectives
On The Project.
 Flow Chart Project 1

START

Design the suitable design

for installation or extension
of component parts

Conduct studies of material

and components parts cost

Carefully placing each

component part and all

Test the project and make

sure it is a planned

END

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  Flow Chart Project 2

Sensor Start
Start
detect moving

DC Arduino
Battery End
get signal

DC Arduino
On Switch
get energy

3.8 Gantt Chart

 Gantt Chart Project 1

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  Gantt Chart Project 2

NOTE:
Yellow Colour : Planning Date
Blue Colour : Actual Date

3.9 Conclusion
What we can learn from this methodology is that we can choose the right equipment for the
project. Also, it can further study the tools to be used. Through this method, we will also test
the project using the simulator to get the expected result. We can learn more about how we
want this project to work out of the theories and principles already in place, and we need to
implement and modify them appropriately for our project. This project allows us to know
how to implement or how to create this product. We also, it can determine the process of
component connection and component installation can be done based on the design you have
chosen. Besides, with the help of a flow chart, you can monitor the process and determine the
method of analysis to be tested on the product. In addition, we also assemble the body parts
with aluminum coil and plywood using the glue and screw to make project can stand stable

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 Chapter 4 : Result And Discussion
4.1 Introduction
Findings and analysis of the project are theoretical and writing projects related to
the project function. The analysis should reflect the results obtained after the
implementation of the project.

4.2 Project Implementation

To achieve our final year project preparation objectives, all the criteria and
improvements throughout the process have inspired us to acquire more ideas for our
project, making it as interesting as possible. Preparation must also be done and
according to plan.

4.3 Project Analysis

Before we start this project, we need to have good planning and be able to avoid creating
some advanced projects that end in failure. Therefore, to meet the basic requirements in
completing the final year project, we do some surveys and analysis based on the community
or people around us. Instead of creating something new, our group prefers to focus on
problems that are often faced by certain people at the moment. Only with that feedback, we
can produce a good project that can satisfy certain people who need it.

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4.4 Step Developing Project
• Discussion About Project Title

During the previous semester where we took the DJJ5141 project course and
continued DJJ6143, some ideas came up and we decided to continue to choose
special tools that can simplify the method when watering plants, while reducing the
risk of wasting while watering plants as our group's last project. We find that this
project has the most potential possibilities and demands in the market. We gather all
the information and feedback from those around us as well as our own experience to
provide opinions and even advice as our reference in this project.


• Preparation

From the selection of ideas in semester 4 until we completed our project, we have
faced some problems and every obstacle we overcome is perfectly solved with the
guidance and advice of supervisors and even our senior mechanical engineering
who have a lot of experience in handling project work and production skills in making
final year project report. All these problems we have managed to go through together
and even went smoothly and controlled. Every process is done carefully to fit our
plan and every plan change needs to be reviewed but still maintain the quality and
objectives of the project.


• Report Writing

Report writing and report content are provided to us to make it easier for us to
complete our proposal. Checks and opinions are made from our supervisor so that
we can improve not only in our project proposal but also writing skills in proposal
preparation.


• Result

Based on the projects we have reviewed, this robot was run smoothly and it is very
safe to use. In addition, we also identified that our project is simply to use for farmer.
Next, our project using several components that often use in auto robot project. It
also can be reduced human energy.

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4.5 Discussion

After completing the plan and the collection of the components of the smart Irrigation
system, it's been met the goal. Also, all of the requirements were implemented in
order to finish this smart Irrigation system, so that it becomes full production and
finalize. After that, the system became tested, and the end result became as
required. The system will now not work until two or three of moisture sensors from
any line of the 3 fields send a sign to the Arduino that the soil is dry and crop needs
water. After the sign reaches the Arduino, it will send a command to the relay of that
specific line field valve to be energized to open the valve and a command to the
relay of the pump to exchange it directly to irrigate that field. Also, all 3 fields can be
irrigated at a same of time, if two or three of all 3 plants moisture sensor are
activated. So, all solenoid valve relays may be energized to open all valves and the
pump will run to irrigate all 3 plants. There has been a problem at the beginning to
choose a suitable pump to paintings to irrigate all flowers at the same moment. The
program of the system has been configured and the system will no longer operate
unless (or three moisture sensors) are activated. But if one sensor is activated of any
lines the system will no longer perform, because that sensor can also it be defective.
If the water tank level is low the system will not operate in any respect, even all plant
sensors are activated to protect the water pump.

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 Chapter 5: Conclusion

5.1 Achievement Of Aim & Objective Of Research

Throughout a series of ideas created and done in this research, it can be concluded that the
goals and objectives presented at the beginning of the research were successfully achieved.
The purpose of this project is to design a prototype that can reduce wasting water during
watering plants. Apart from that, this project can also make it easier for us because there is no
need to hold the water pipe when watering plants.
A literature review of the study has been comprehensively throughout the implementation of
the project and this included metal cutting, grinding, glue and screw to create our project
according to project size, design and structure. The project design is specially made to
highlight the importance of the structural strength of the project.

5.2 Contribution Or Impact Of The Project

This project mainly serves as a concept to provide comfort when watering plants,
reliability, function and simplicity in design. Redesign and current design
improvements are to improve the functional process. Further, in the methodology
section, it is stated that the proper procedure of measuring, cutting to the installation
of each structure as well as applied to prevent and improve cleanliness.

Moreover, applying safety elements when scaring will reduce the risk of injury to
consumers. Next, if consumers are comfortable with the use of this farm irrigation
robot, then productivity will increase and objectives are achieve.

5.3 Improvement & Suggestions For Future Research

Throughout the project executions, there are some limitation which contribute that
affects the accuracy and functionality of the aim and objectives of the project.
However, in every experiment or project there is always a space for improvement
take place to increase the efficiency, reliability and functionality of the project in
accordance with the passage of time

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 References
 Supervisor
 Friends
 Magazine
 Engineered Books

https://www.dellemc.com/content/dam/uwaem/production-design-
assets/emea/campaigns/envisionthefuture/Final_report_DELL_EMC_Automated_irri
gation%20System.PDF

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