LABORATORY REPORT

CHM 213
(PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)
BIL. NAME STUDENT ID
1. NUR ASIAH BINTI KHAIRUL IDZHAM 2019299922
2. HUDA BINTI BADRUL AZMI 2019260628
3. SARAH NAQIYAH BINTI MOHAD KHAZIN 2019238348
4. AQILAH BINTI TIAMIN 2019212264
5. MUHAMMAD MIRZA HIZAMI BIN RAJIEI 2019289394

GROUP :1
PROGRAMME : AS115 2A
NO. AND TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : 2(A) - CHEMICAL KINETICS: REACTION
RATES AND RATE LAWS
DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 12 / 3 / 2020
DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION : 16 / 4 / 2020
NAME OF LECTURER : DR. NUR ROYHAILA MOHAMAD

Laboratory Report Marking Scheme:

Criteria Full Marks (to be filled by
Mark(s) lecturer)
Objective of the Experiment
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
Results and Observations
Calculations
Discussion
Conclusion
Answers to Questions
References
Format
Total Marks
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT:
Experiment 2(A) – Chemical Kinetics: Reaction Rates and Rate Laws

OBJECTIVES:
a) To study the effect of concentration of a reactant on reaction rate in the determination the rate law
and rate constant.

INTRODUCTION:
In this experiment of 2(a) Chemical kinetics : reactions rates and rate laws , we will be focusing on the
reaction rate when changes was made on the concentration or volume of one chemical. It's more to
observing the effect of concentration of the reactant on reaction rate. Reaction rate can be define as the
speed at which reactants are converted into product (reaction time) and it can be determine using the
formula (generally) ;

(1) Rate = change in concentration / time interval

Reaction rate was a very important component in chemistry because it dictates whether a reaction can occur
during a lifetime or vice versa. Apart from that, this experiment also study about two other component
which is rate law and rate constant. Both of this are related to each other. Rate law or rate equation is an
equation which compare reaction rate with reactant concentrations and this can be determine using the
formula,

(2) Rate = k [A]m [B]n

While the k from the formula above was known as rate constant which is the third and final component that
needed to be determined in this experiment. The formula to determine rate constant, k is

(3) k = Rate / [A]m [B]n

As a minor, we also disscussed about the order reaction that can be determine based on plotted graph.

CHEMICALS REAGENTS:
0.20 M KI, 0.0050 M Na2S2O3 containing 0.4% starch indicator, and 0.10 M K2S2O8.

APPARATUS:
Conical Flask, Stopwatch, Beaker
PROCEDURE:

Trial Volume I- Volume Volume Volume H2O Total Volume

2- 2-
(ml) S2O8 S2O3 (ml) (ml)
(ml) (ml)
1. 20 20 10 0 50
2. 15 20 10 5 50
3. 10 20 10 10 50
4. 5 20 10 15 50
5. 20 15 10 5 50
6. 20 10 10 10 50
7. 20 5 10 15 50
1. The table shown how many volume we need for each trial.
2. In this experiment, the table above was divided into two set of table.
Set 1 : Did Trial 1, 2, 3 and 4
Set 2 : Did Trial 1, 5, 6 and 7
3. KI was added with Na2S2O3 and water into the conical flask.
4. K2S2O8 was poured into different beaker at first.
5. After the mixture in conical flask mix well, K2S208 was being poured into it and then the conical
flask had been swirled.
6. The time had been taken when the mixture change colour.
7. Repeat the step 3 – 6 with different trial in the sets.

RESULTS:
1. Fill up the table with known values of volumes used and reaction time obtained from the
experiment

2. Calculate and complete the table below.

a) [I-]°, log[I-]°, [S2082-]°, log[S2O82-]°
b) Reaction rates, ∆[I2] / ∆t = ½ ∆[S2082-] / ∆t a 1/t since [S2032-] is constant
c) log(rate)

Trial Volume I- [I-]° Reaction Reaction log(rate) log[I-]°

(ml) (mol / L) Time, t (s) Rate
(mol / L s-1)
1 20 0.08 720 1.11 x 10-4 -4.00 -1.1
2 15 0.06 1200 5.00 x 10-5 -4.30 -1.2
3 10 0.04 2100 1.90 x 10-5 -4.72 -1.4
4 5 0.02 4920 4.07 x 10-6 -5.40 -1.7

Trial Volume [S2082-]° Reaction Reaction log(rate) log[S2O82-]°

S2O82- (mol / L) Time, t (s) Rate
(ml) (mol / L s-1)
1 20 0.04 979 4.09 x 10-5 -4.39 -1.4
5 15 0.03 11882.3 2.54 x 10-5 -4.60 -1.5
6 10 0.02 1877.28 1.07 x 10-5 -5.00 -1.7
 7 5 0.01 3752 2.67 x 10-6 -5.57 -2.0

3. Determine the
a) order of reaction (x) with the respect to iodide using initial rate method
r A x B y
r ( )( )
=
A B
( 1.11 ×10−4 ) 0.08 x 0.04 y
=( )( )
( 5.00× 10−5 ) 0.06 0.04
2.22 = 1.33x
Log 2.22 = x log 1.33
x = 2.8
x≈3

b) order of reaction (y) with the respect to peroxydisulphate using initial rate method
r A x B y
r
=( )( )
A B
( 1.07 ×10−5 ) 0.08 x 0.02 y
= ( )( )
( 2.67 ×10−6 ) 0.08 0.01
4 = 2y
Log 4 = y log 2
y=2

k = [I-]3 [S2082-]2
Order of reaction = 3 + 2 = 5

4. Calculate rate constant, k, using known values of x, y, [I- ]°, [S2O82-]° for each trial and find an average
value of k.
rate of reaction
k=
¿¿¿
Trial 1
( 1.11 ×10−4 )
k= 3 2
[ 0.08 ] [ 0.04 ]
¿ 1.35 x 102
Trial 2
( 5.00 ×10−5 )
k= 3 2
[ 0.06 ] [ 0.0 4 ]
¿ 1.45 x 102
Trial 3
( 1.90 ×10−5 )
k= 3 2
[ 0.04 ] [ 0.04 ]
¿ 1.86 x 102
Trial 4
 ( 4.07 ×10−6 )
k= 3 2
[ 0.02 ] [ 0.04 ]
¿ 3.18 x 102

Trial 1
( 4.09 ×10−5 )
k= 3 2
[ 0.08 ] [ 0.04 ]
¿ 4.99 x 101
Trial 5
( 2.54 ×10−3 )
k= 3 2
[ 0.08 ] [ 0.03 ]
¿ 5.51 x 103
Trial 6
( 1.07 ×10−3 )
k= 3 2
[ 0.08 ] [ 0.02 ]
¿ 5.22 x 103
Trial 7
( 2.67 ×10 6 )
k= 3 2
[ 0.08 ] [ 0.01 ]
¿ 2.09 ×101

Average k,
k =¿¿ ¿
= 1448.1

5. a) Plot log (rate) vs. log [I-]

Log(rate) vs. Log[I-]° 0

-1.8 -1.7 -1.6 -1.5 -1.4 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1
-1

-2
log(rate)

-3

-4

-5

-6
log[I-]°
b) Plot log (rate) vs. log [S2O82-]

Log(rate) vs. log[S2082-]°

0
-2.1 -2 -1.9 -1.8 -1.7 -1.6 -1.5 -1.4 -1.3
-1

-2
log(rate)

-3

-4

-5

-6
log[S2O82-]°

c) Comment on the slope of both plots with reference to equation (3)

In almost all cases based on arrhenius, the slope of the graph will increase is effected by the reaction
rate. Mathematically, at very high temperatures Ea<Rt and k increases rapidly with t.

d) Determine x and y from the plots respectively.

y = mx + c

Log(rate) vs. log[I-] Log(rate) vs. log[S2O82-]

−4.00−(−4.30 ) −4.39−(−4.60 )
m= m=
−1.1−(−1.2 ) −1.4−(−1.5 )
=3 = 2.1

−1.1=3 (−4.00 ) +c -1.4 = 2.1(-4.39) + c

c = 10.9 c = 7.8

y = 3x + 10.9 y = 2.1x + 7.8

0 = 3x + 10.9 0 = 2.1x + 7.8

x = -3.6 x = -3.7

y = 3(0) +10.9 y = 2.1(0) + 7.8

 y = 10.9 y = 7.8

∴ x=3.6 , y=10. 9 ∴ x=−3.7 , y=7.8

DISCUSSION:
From the data in the tables, we get know that there is a effect on the rate of reaction when the concentration
of reactants change. As we can see, when the concentration of reactants decreased, the rate of reaction also
became decreased. It was because less of the reacting molecules or ions were presented to form the reaction
product. Concentration is the only factor that can influence the rate of reaction and the relationship is
usually not simple or linear. However, there are a few of special cases as for high concentration. When, it
for catalytic reactants or for a single reactant, the rate of reaction may do not have any effect by the changes
of concentration.

CONCLUSION:
For the conclusion, the rate law of the reaction between iodide and peroxydisulphate is

Rate = k [I-]3 [S2082-]2

We also get to study the effect of concentration of a reactant on reaction rate and get to determine the rate
law and rate constant.

REFERENCES:
1. https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/oregon-state-university/general-chemistry-lab-
262/essays/rate-laws-full-lab-report/1100107/view
2. Lab manual CHM213
3. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/the-rate-law-concentration-and-
time/
4. https://sciencing.com/how-does-concentration-affect-the-rate-of-reaction-13712168.html