11

Basic Calculus
Third Quarter

Module 2: Limit of
Function at c versus its
Value at c

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII-CENTRAL VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SIQUIJOR
_________________________________________________________________________________

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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Edmark Ian L. Cabio

Development Team of Learning Module

Writer: Alma B. Panzo
Evaluators: Marilou C. Gulahab Shaly B. Yuag Mera M. Tuangco Ana Roces B. Looc
Alma B. Panzo Alberta S. Bato Merlyn Grace Q. Ogren

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___________Neddy G. Arong g
Education Program Supervisor (MATHEMATICS)
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Printed in the Philippines

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 11

Basic Calculus
Third Quarter

Module 2: Limit of
Function at c versus its
Value at c

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 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education Program to

ensure attainment of the standards expected of you as learner.

This learning material deals with the theorems that will enable us to directly
evaluate limits without the need for a table or a graph. We will learn how to compute
the limit of a function using the limit laws.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

▪ Expected Learning Outcome – This lays out the learning outcome that
you are expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.
▪ Pre-test – This determines your prior learning on the particular lesson
you are about to take.
▪ Discussion of the lesson – This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected
learning outcome.
▪ Learning Activities – These provide you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable
you to further enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed tasks.
▪ Post-test – This evaluates your overall understanding about the module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this material
engaging and challenging as it develops you critical thinking skills.

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 What I Need To Know

After going through this module, you will be able to

➢ distinguish between lim f ( x) and f (c) . (STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-2)
x→c

What I Know

Pre-Test

Based on the graph, fill in the table with the appropriate values.
c lim f ( x) lim f ( x) lim f ( x) f(c)
x→c − x→c + x→c

-2 2
-1/2 7/2
0 3
1 0
3 4
4 5
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 What’s In

In the previous lesson, we discussed on the Limit of a Function. The limit of a

function f is a number L that the values of f(x) approach as x approach a certain
number c. We can evaluate the limit of a given function y = f(x) by using either tabular
method or the graphical method.

Activity 1

Let us recall on how to evaluate limit of a function using tabular method or

graphical method. Try doing the activity below using calculator. Write your answers on
your notebook.
 x 2 − 1, x  2
1. Let g ( x) =  ,
 x + 2 , x  2

Evaluate lim g ( x) and g (2)

x→2

x g(x)=x2-1 x g(x)=x+2
1 3
1.5 2.5
1.75 2.25
1.9 2.1
1.99 2.01
1.999 2.001
lim− g ( x) = ____ lim+ g ( x) = _____
x→2 x→2

2. Consider the function f(x) defined by its graph.

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 Find the following limits:
a. lim f ( x)
x → −2 −

b. lim f ( x)
x → −2 +

c. lim f ( x)
x → −2

d. lim f ( x)
x → −4

What’s New
Critical to the study of limits is the understanding that the value of lim f ( x) may
x→c

be distinct from the value of the function at x = c , that is, f (c) . As seen in the previous
examples, the limit may be evaluated at values not included in the domain of f . The
exclusion of a value from the domain of a function does not prohibit the evaluation of
the limit of that function at that excluded value, provided of course that f is defined at
the points near c (Balmaceda, et al. 2016).

What Is It

Limits of a Function at c versus the Value of the

Function at c
Let us consider lim(2 x + 3) .
x→2

a. Recall that its table of values are: (using calculator)

x f(x) x f(x)
1 5 3 9
1.4 5.8 2.5 8
1.7 6.4 2.2 7.4
1.9 6.8 2.1 7.2
1.95 6.9 2.03 7.06
1.997 6.994 2.009 7.18
1.9999 6.9998 2.0005 7.001
1.9999999 6.99999998 2.0000001 7.0000002
lim (2 x + 3) = 7 lim (2 x + 3) = 7
x→2− x→2+

Since lim− (3x + 1) = 7 is equal to lim+ (3x + 1) = 7 ,

x→2 x→2

then we can conclude that lim(2 x + 3) = 7

x→2

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 b. Solving for f(c), where x = c = 2.
Let f ( x) = 3x + 1
f (2) = 3(2) + 1
= 3(2) + 1
f (2) = 7

Thus, lim(3x + 1) = f (c)

x→2

Example A. State whether the lim f ( x) and f (c) are equal or not equal.
x→c

1. f ( x) = 3 x 2 − 1 , where C = - 1

Solution:
a. lim (3x 2 − 1)
x → −1

x f(x) x f(x)
-1.9 9.83 -0.001 -0.999997
-1.5 5.75 -0.01 -0.9997
-1.05 2.3075 -0.1 -0.97
-1.005 2.030075 -0.5 -0.25
-1.0001 2.00060003 -0.999 1.994003
-1.00001 2.00006 -0.99999 1.99994
lim− (3 x − 1) = 2
2
lim+ (3 x − 1) = 2
2
x → −1 x → −1

Since, lim− (3 x 2 − 1) = 2 and lim+ (3 x 2 − 1) = 2

x → −1 x → −1

Then lim (3x 2 − 1) = 2

x → −1

b. Solve for f(c) where x = c = - 1

f ( x) = 3x 2 − 1
f (−1) = 3(−1)2 − 1
= 3(1) − 1
= 3 −1
=2

Thus, lim f ( x) and f (c) are EQUAL.

x→c

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 t + 2, t  −2
2. h(t ) = 
 2t , t  −2
Solution:
a. lim h(t )
t → −2

t lim h(t ) t lim h(t )

t → −2 − t → −2 +

h(t ) = t + 2 h(t ) = 2t
-2.9 -0.9 -1.001 -2.002
-2.5 -0.5 -1.01 -2.02
-2.05 -0.05 -1.1 -2.2
-2.005 -0.005 -1.5 -3
-2.0001 -0.0001 -1.999 -3.998
-2.00001 -0.00001 -1.99999 -3.99998
lim− h(t ) =0 lim+ h(t ) = - 4
t → −2 t → −2

Since lim− h(t ) =0 and lim+ h(t ) = - 4 are not EQUAL,

t → −2 t → −2

Then lim h(t ) does not exist or DNE

t → −2

b. Solve for h(c) where t = c = - 2

h(t ) = t + 2
h(−2) = −2 + 2
h(−2) = 0
Thus, lim h(t ) and h(t ) are NOT EQUAL.
t →c

Example B. Consider the function f (x) whose graph is given below

1.

a. lim− f ( x) = 2
x →3

b. lim+ f ( x) = - 2
x →3

c. lim f ( x) DNE
x→ 3

d. f (3) =1

Thus, lim f ( x) and f (c) are NOT EQUAL.

x→ 3

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 2.

a. lim− f ( x) = -3
x →0

b. lim+ f ( x) = - 3
x →0

c. lim f ( x) = -3
x→ 0

d. f (0) = - 3

Thus, lim f ( x) and f (c) are EQUAL.

x→ 0

What’s More?

ACTIVITY 2
Provide the missing values in the table and the missing part of the solutions
below. State whether the lim f ( x) and f (c) are equal or not equal. Write your
x→c

answers on your notebook.

1. f ( x) = x + 2 , where C = 0

Solution:
a. lim( x + 2)
x→0

x f(x) x f(x)
-0.9 0.9
-0.7 0.7
-0.5 0.5
-0.01 0.01
-0.0001 0.0001
-0.00001 0.00001
lim ( x + 2) = ______ lim ( x + 2) = ______
x→0− x→0+

Since, lim ( x + 2) = ______ and lim+ ( x + 2) = ______

x→0− x→0

Then lim( x + 2) = ________

x→0

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 b. Solve for f(c)
f ( x) = x + 2
f (0) = 3(__) 2 + 2
= ____+ 2
= _____

Thus, lim f ( x) and f (c) are _________

x→c

2 x − 5, x  0
2. g ( x) = 
 x + 7, x  0

Solution:
a. lim g ( x)
x→ 0

x lim g ( x) x lim g ( x)
x→0− x→0+
g ( x) = 2 x − 5 g ( x) = x + 7
-0.9 0.9
-0.7 0.7
-0.5 0.5
-0.01 0.01
-0.0001 0.0001
-0.00001 0.00001
lim− g ( x) = ____ lim+ g ( x) = _____
x→0 x→0

Since lim− g ( x) = ____ and lim+ g ( x) = _____ ,then lim g ( x) = __________

x→0 x→0 x→ 0

b. Solve for g(x)

g ( x) = x + 7
g (__) = ___ + 7
= ____
Thus, lim g ( x) and g (x) are _________________
x→ 0

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3. Consider the function f (x) whose graph is given below

a. lim− f ( x) = ______
x→1

b. lim+ f ( x) = ______
x→1

c. lim f ( x) = ______
x→1

d. f (1) =_______

Thus, lim f ( x) and f (c) are _______________.

x→1

4. Consider the function f (x) whose graph is given below

a. lim− f ( x) = ______
x→2

b. lim+ f ( x) = ______
x→2

c. lim f ( x) = ______
x→2

d. f (2) =_______

Thus, lim f ( x) and f (c) are _______________.

x→2

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 What’s I Have Learned?

I learned that:
1. Limit may be evaluated at values not included in the domain of f .
2. There are functions lim f ( x) and f (c) are equal.
x→1

3. There are also functions where lim f ( x) and f (c) may be distinct.
x→1

Assessment

POST TEST
Consider the function f(x) whose graph is given below.

State whether lim f ( x) and f (c) are equal at the given value of c. Also state
x→c

whether lim f ( x) and f (c) does not exist.

x→c

c lim f ( x) f (c) Equal/Unequal

x→c

-3
0
1
2
3
4

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 References

Balmaceda, J. M., Arceo, P. P., Lemence, R. S., Ortega, O. M., & Vallejo, L. J.
(2016). TG for SHS Basic Calculus. Quezon City: Commision on Higher
Education.
Rodriguez, E. M. (2017). Conceptual Math and Beyond: Basic Calculus. Quezon
City: Brilliant creations Publishing, Inc.
https://www.birmingham.k12.mi.us/cms/lib/MI01908619/Centricity/Domain/626/Limits%2
0Worksheet%20Day%205%20with%20Answer%20Key.pdf

http://www.la-citadelle.com/courses/calculus/lim08.pdf

Prepared by:

ALMA B. PANZO
MT II – SPSHS

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