Plumbing Services

design
Report for G+2
Residential bldg.

Owner: Ato Abdulkader Muzemil

Location: Addis Ababa Sub city:

bole, Woreda: 08

Prepared by: Nuhamin Zablon GHWRE/23597

February / 2021
 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

Table of Contents
1. Introduction 2
2. Design Approach 2
2.1. Water supply system 2
2.2. Wastewater collection and disposal system 2
3. Design Assumptions 2
4. Plumbing Materials 2
5. Plumbing services 3
5.1. Source of water 3
5.2. Water demand determination 3
5.3. Water distribution to plumbing appliances 3
5.4. Water supply pipe sizing design 5
5.5 Estimating Hot Water Demand on Fixture Types 0
5.6. Water distribution to plumbing appliances 0
5.7. Waste water drainage system 0
5.7.1 General 0
5.7.2 Waste Water Pipe Size Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.8. Rain water drainage system 0
5.8.1. Roof water drainage 0
5.8.2. Calculation of flow in gutters 1
5.8.3. Determined the size of Eave gutters 1
Error! Bookmark not defined.

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 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

1. Introduction
This report is prepared for the “Plumbing Design of the Residence. The building is owned by
Ato Abdulkader Muzemil.
2. Design Approach

Plumbing design of such a housing will have the following parts. First we will supply water for
the fixture then drain-supplied water for the fixture finally we drain the storm water system.
Design requirements are established following provisions of Ethiopian Standard ES-3960 as
applicable.

2.1. Water supply system

A central system is used and following are the Design steps:

 Estimation of water demand of the building
 Laying out the internal and external water supply systems
 Design of the internal water supply systems
 Design of the external water supply system

2.2. Wastewater collection and disposal system

Design of the wastewater collection and disposal system is carried out using on-site sanitation
system. Following are the design steps:
 Laying out the internal wastewater collection systems
 Design of the internal wastewater collection systems
 Estimation of sewage quantity
 Laying out the external wastewater collection system
 Design of the external wastewater collection system
3. Design Assumptions
Following are the assumptions made in the design:
a) The number of users is assumed to be five for this case.
b) Sufficient pressure head will be available in the central water supply system feed to the
fixture.
c) The diameter of water supply pipes and wastewater pipes is determined using loading unit
and discharge unit methods respectively.
4. Plumbing Materials
Internal Domestic water supplies PPR PN-16 piping, UPVC PN-6 wastewater drainage, storm
and vent a pipe. And HDPE, PN-06 for external water supply was selected accordingly.

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 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

5. Plumbing services

5.1. Source of water

The source of water will be from the near by central water distribution line main via 32mm
diameter intake pipe.

5.2. Water demand determination

The new housing is expected to accommodate the following population. The daily water
consumption is calculated based on the number of people as shown below.
Parameter Value/calculation Remarks
Dwelling Residence
No. of dwellings 1*5=5 Unit * Number of People
Diversity factors 90% To account for lesser number
of residents
Per capita water 300 LPD This figure is assumed for
High Consumption residence
consumption
as per ES 3960 Table 4-4.

LPD = Liters per day

Apartment Total water = 5*300*0.9 = (Population) x (diversity) x
consumption = 1350 (per capita consumption)

Consider two days storage = 1350 x 2 = 2700li = 2.7 m3 use 3 m3 water tank capacity.

5.3. Water distribution to plumbing appliances.

The flow rate for fixtures to is determined considering the peak demand of the connected
appliances following ES 3960 Provision.
Type of fixture, Quantity & loading unit:

Sanitary Fixture Sub-Total Loading

Quantity Loading unit/fixture
Type Unit
Hand wash basin 9 2 18
WCs 8 2 16
Showers 7 3 21
Kitchen sinks 2 3 6
Bath Tap 1 10 10
Laundry sink 1 3 3

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 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

Total loading unit 74

i) Using Figure 4-4 Conversion chart - loading unit to flow rate of ES 3960 the flow rate
will be 1.0 l/s.

However, there is a much higher probability that more fixtures can be simultaneously used then
the expected. Thus it is worthwhile to consider the peak flow rate 1.20 times the calculated value.
Thus consider peak flow rate to be 1.2 l/s to size the transfer pump.

ii) Calculation of Total Head in Pump (H)

The total head in pump is determined as using Eq. below
𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉 2
Total head in pump (H) = 𝐻𝐻𝑆𝑆 + (𝑓𝑓 + ∑𝐾𝐾)
𝐷𝐷 2𝑔𝑔

Where,
𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠 = Is static head/height 12.3 m
𝜀𝜀
𝑓𝑓 = Darcy friction factor (unit less) read with (𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 , ) = 0.06
𝐷𝐷

𝜺𝜺 = Roughness for PPR pipe (unit less) = 1

L = Pipe length (meter) = 24.3m
D = Inside pipe diameter (meter). = 32 mm
𝑄𝑄
V = Fluid velocity (m/sec) hence, V = = 2.07 m/s.
𝐴𝐴

g = Gravitational constant= 1.66𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 .

Q = Volumetric flow rate (𝑚𝑚3 /𝑠𝑠). = 0.0008 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑠𝑠.
𝜋𝜋𝐷𝐷2
A = Area of the pipe = = 8.04𝑥𝑥10−4 𝑚𝑚2
4
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 1000∗1.76∗0.04
𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒 = Reynold's Number = = = 82935.24
𝜇𝜇 8.9𝑥𝑥10−4

𝝆𝝆 = The density of the water (𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌/𝒎𝒎𝟑𝟑) =1000 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌/𝒎𝒎𝟑𝟑 .

μ = the viscosity of the water 8.90 × 10−4 Pa·s.
∑𝐾𝐾 = 1 ball valve (0.05) + 2 gate valves (0.2*1 = 0.6) + 90 degree elbows (5*0.75 =
2.25) =3.45
24.3 12
So Total head in pump (H) = 12.3 + �0.06 + 3.45� = 23.03 meter=23m.
0.032 2∗9.8

Booster Pumps @ 1.2 l/s AND H= 23m.

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 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

Fig.1 Conversion chart - loading unit to flow rate

5.4. Water supply pipe sizing design

Using a simplified tabular procedure by fixture unit load method carries out design flow
determination. .

The detail procedure of this method is explained as follows: -

1. Make a diagram of the pipeline or system to be considered.

2. Number the pipes beginning at the point of least head.

3. Make a table to show the loading units and flow rates for each stage of the main run.
Calculate and enter loading units and flow rates as shown in the table below.

4. Make assumptions to the pipe size according to their assigned numbers.

5. Work out frictional resistance per meter (head loss per meter run).

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 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

6. Determine the velocity of low (flow velocity between 0.6 and 3m/s).

7. Measured length of the pipe under consideration in meter.

8. Calculate equivalent pipe length (frictional resistance in fittings).

9. Calculate effective pipe length (sum of head loss through pipe length and fittings).

10. Calculate head loss consumed (by multiplying effective pipe length and head loss per
meter run).

11. Calculate the progressive by adding the head loss in each branch pipe.

12. Record the available head for every branch pipe.

13. Calculate the residual head at the outlet points by subtracting the progressive head from
available head. If the residual head is less than the head required for a particular outlet
fitting, repeat the above steps by correcting the assumed pipe size.)

Loading
No Fixture Type Unit
1 Hand Wash Basin 2
2 Water Closet 2
3 Shower 5
4 Bath Tub 10
5 Kitchen Sink 3
6 Washing Machine 3

Table: -1 Design Loading Unit for Different outlet fitting

Equivalent pipe length

Bore of pipe

Elbow Tee Stop valve Check valve

0.5 0.6 4.0 2.5
12
0.8 1.0 7.0 4.3
20
1.0 1.5 10 5.6
25

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 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

1.4 2.0 13 6.0

32
1.7 2.5 16 7.9
40
2.3 3.5 22 11.5
50
3.0 4.5 22 11.5
63
3.4 5.8 34 11.5
75

Table: -2 Equivalent pipe fitting length

PPR-PN-16 Pipe size

ID WT Inch
OD
14.4 2.8 1/2
20
18.0 3.5 3/4
25
23.2 4.4 1
32
29.0 5.5 1 1/4
40
36.2 6.9 1 1/2
50
45.8 8.6 2
63
61.4 6.8 2 1/2
75
73.6 8.2 3
90
90 10 4
110
83.2 20.9 5
125

HDPE-PN-6 Pipe size

ID WT Inch
OD
15.4 2.3 1/2
20
18.4 3.3 3/4
25
23.6 4.2 1
32

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 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

29.6 5.2 1 1/4

40
37.2 6.4 1 1/2
50
47.2 7.9 2
63
56.0 9.5 2 1/2
75
67.6 11.2 3
90
82.4 13.8 4
110

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 10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14
(7+9) (5x10)

Loss of head
(m/m run)

Equivalent pipe

Effective pipe

Available
Progressive head
length(m)

length(m)

Head(m)
Flow Rate (Lps)

Measured Pipe
Loading Units
Pipe reference

Consumed(m)
Velocity(m/s)
Fitting considering in number(Loss)

run(m)
Pipe

Head
Flow
Final Pipe
Size(mm
Size(mm )

Elbow

Check
Valve

Valve
diameter)

Stop

(IV)

(IV)
Tee
Sn-04 15 0.39 25 0.003 0.8 2 1(1.5) 1(10) 1(5.6) 17.1 19.1 0.0573 0.0573 2 25

Sn-03 9 0.3 20 0.006 1 6 2(0.8) 3(1.0) 1(7.0) 1(4.3) 15.9 21.9 0.1314 0.1887 2 20

Sn-02 3 0.3 20 0.006 1 2 1(0.8) 1(1.0) 1(7.0) 1(4.3) 13.1 15.1 0.0906 0.2793 6 20

Sn-01 3 0.3 20 0.006 1 2 3(0.8) 1(1.0) 1(7.0) 1(4.3) 14.7 16.7 0.1002 0.3795 2 20

For pipe reference refer the water supply drawing

5.5 Estimating Hot Water Demand on Fixture Types

The Ethiopian building code ES 3960 states that for domestic uses the minimum capacity is
recommended to be: 80 liter to 100 liter at 60°C in a dwelling with a bath tub, 50 liter to 80 liter
at 60°C for a shower and Storage heaters of 10 liter to 30 liter 60°C may be used to supply one
or two points of draw offs depending on the use of hot water. So, the hot water storage capacity
determined accordingly.

5.6. Water distribution to plumbing appliances

The water distribution system to plumbing appliances is from centralized 50 m3 Elevated water
located at 25m height located on the site. The piping system to plumbing appliances is sized
following the provisions of ES-3960 with a limiting velocity of 3m/s and maximum acceptable
pressure 0.03 beyond which pressure reducing valves are envisaged.

5.7.Waste water drainage system

5.7.1 General

uPVC pipes of suitable size are recommended both per the external and internal wastewater
drainage. Drainage pipe sizing of systems are done as per the recommendation given in ES-
3960 Table 5-27 and Table 5-30. Taking into consideration mishandling of the drainage systems
in most cases we have designed the drainage system greater than the minimum recommended
pipe sizes.
Wastewater Drainage Pipe Sizing
Discharge
No Fixture Type Unit
1 Hand Wash Basin 1.00
2 Water Closet 4.00
3 Shower 2.00
4 Bath Tub 3.00
5 Kitchen Sink 2.00
6 Washing Machine 5.00
8 Floor Drain 2.00

Wastewater drainage stack sizing, fixtures drained by stack one (S2)

 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

HWB = 2*1.00 = 2.00

WC = 2*4.00 = 8.00
FD = 2*2.00 = 4.00
SH = 2*2.00 = 4.00
Total = 18. 00
As per ES-3960 requirement for any horizontal fixture branch with loading unit 7 it recommends
to use 65mm diameter pipe but the minimum stack size where there is a WC connection shall be
100mm (internal diameter). Hence, a pipe diameter of 110mm internal diameter is considered as
a horizontal drainage pipe for S1.The rest also done accordingly!.

5.6. Septic Tank Capacity Determination

The wastewater drainage system is designed as fully vented and fully vented modified system
following the provisions of ES-3960. Wastewater collected from the building will be discharged
to septic tank located on the basement floor.
V septic tank= V sedimentation+ V sludge
= {(τ sed X q)/103 + (V e X τ ac X P)/103}
Where: - τ sed- is the hydraulic detention time.
P - is number of population.
Q -is water consumption per capita per day,
V e – is sludge production per person per day.
Τ ac - is the number of days between de-sledging.
Liquid volume as per previous calculation = 3 m³
V sedimentation= = (τ sed X q)/103
=3 x 2/103 = 6m3…Taking the detention time period 2.0 day
V sludge= (V e X τ ac X P)/103(m³)
= 5 x 0.15 x 2 X 365/103 = 0.55m3…Taking the dislodging period 2year
Septic tank volume = 6 + 0.54 = 6.54m3…. Take 10m3 capacities as overall volume.

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5.7. Rain water drainage system

5.7.1. Roof water drainage

To calculate flow rate from roof, rational method is adopted. Rational formula is better to
estimate flow of catchments area less than 50ha (5km²). The rational formula estimates the peak
rate of at any location in catchments area as a function off the catchment’s area, run-off
coefficient, and means rainfall intensity for duration equal to the time of concentration.
A. Roof storm water design
 Design standards ES-396section 7 and BS EN 12056 part 3
 Minimum return period is 10 years
B. Roof drainage system generally contain the following parts
 The gutter that collect the flow from the roof
 The outlet from the gutter
 The pipe work from the outlet to manhole
 The outlet pipes with internal box receivers with cross sectional trapezoidal
gutter

1. Effective Catchment Area

The effective catchment area for sloping roof is calculated using the following formula.
𝐻𝐻
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = � + 𝑊𝑊� ∗ 𝐿𝐿
2
Where
ECA:-Effective catchment area (m2)
H:-Height of pitch roof (1.4m From AR drawing)
W:-Width of pitch roof (11.1m From AR drawing)
L:-Length of roof (21m From AR drawing)

1.4
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = � + 11.1� ∗ 21 = 247.8
2

2. Rate of run-off
The rate of run-off is given by the given equation
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝑄𝑄 =
3600
Where
Q:-Rate of run-off (LPS)
Ae:-The effective catchment area (250 m2 from equation one)
I:-Rain fall intensity (140 mm/hr from IDF curve)
C:-Run off coefficient 1
1 ∗ 250 ∗ 140
𝑄𝑄 = = 9.72 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
3600
 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

5.8.2. Calculation of flow in gutters

The individual gutter we have four outlets that will lead to have one fourth of the flow rates.

5.8.3. Determined the size of Eave gutters

According to the site condition eave gutter was selected. If eave gutter discharges freely, the
depth of flow at the downstream end is equal to the critical depth γc . (See 7.4.3.4(4), Section 7.
The relationship between discharge, Q (in l/s, and the critical depth is given by the equation.

1
Ac 3 2
𝑄𝑄 = 9.90𝑋𝑋10−5 � �
Bu

Where

Ac is the cross sectional area (in mm2) corresponding to the critical depth γc , Bu is the width
(in mm) corresponding to the critical depth γc
𝑌𝑌𝑐𝑐 3 𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶 3 1
𝑄𝑄 = 9.90𝑥𝑥10−5 [ 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
]2

Where:

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 ATO ABDLKADER MUZEMIL RESIDENCE SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

Yc (mm) Critical depth, Bs(mm) Effective width of gutter, Bu(mm) the width of gutter at the
upstream water depth (Bu = Bs For a Eave gutter), Q (LPS):-Discharge, Ac (mm2) Cross
sectional area responding to Yc. (Ac=Yc x Bu).

Assume that the effective minimum width for gutter is 120mm

3 3 1
9.72𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 9.90𝑥𝑥10−5 [𝑌𝑌𝑐𝑐 100𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥100
]2 .

Yc = 98mm take 100

Yu = 2Yc

Yu=2*100=200mm

Therefore, use highly 120mm*200mm resistant to corrosion eave type gutter.

5.8.4 Design of outlets to down pipes

At larger depths, the outlet acts as an orifice and the plan area of the outlet controls the flow.
0.5
𝐷𝐷2 h 𝐷𝐷
𝑄𝑄𝐼𝐼 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ℎ >
1500 2

Where,
Qi is the total flow (in l/s) entering the outlet; D is the effective diameter of the outlet (in mm);
h is the head (in mm) above the top of the outlet.
0.5
𝐷𝐷2 ∗150 𝐷𝐷
3.4 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ℎ >
7500 2
45.6
150 > , So the diameter of the out let will be 105 diameters since the statement is true and
2

The size of circular down pipe/outlet/shall not be less than diameter 65mm which is 110 dia. /
ES 3960 /. As per the flow we need 4 down pipe at 75 mm diam. For the total of 9.72 lps. During
down pipe size design external factor, which might obstruct normal flow of water, considered.
Such as: -leaves, bird net and snow will definitely hinder design flow through down pipe. Outlets
for gutters should be located, where possible, near to each angle; i.e, where there is a change in
direction of flow. Material of the down pipe is uPVC which is durable and easy for installation.
All exposed down pipes should be painted with UV ray reflective oil paint.

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