ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY BAUCHI, BAUCHI STATE

TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORKING EXPERIENCE

SCHEME [S.I.W.E.S], HELD AT CGC NIGERIA LIMITED POTISKUM YOBE STATE.

A REPORT SUBMITTED TO QUANTITY SURVEYING PROGRAMME OF SCHOOL OF

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF B.TECH
QUANTITY SURVEYING.

BY

Ali ABUBAKAR AUDU

13/32138U/4

January, 2017

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 I thank Allah (S.W.A.) first for creating me in to this cosmic opportunity and
war front. I thank God immensely for the sound mind, lager heart, strong will, and
good health that characterize and propel me in spite of all odds-natural accident
and man - made.

My profound gratitude goes to the entire management and staff of federal

capital development authority, Abuja for their immense and un-weave red
assistance offered during my internship period. I am also very grateful to my
parents for their understanding and moral supports and also not forgetting my
lecturer Surv.A.A.GITAL, the Department S.I.W.E.S. coordinator, you have all
been great and may the almighty Allah bless you all amen.

DEDICATION
 I wish to dedicate this technical report to my beloved late brother in person
of Mohammed Lawan Abubakar and to my loving family members and my
respective lecturers, who support me in one way or the other to undergo this
working experience and my mentor in person of Adamu Gargawa.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE

1.0Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 1

1.1 Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)……………………….1

1.2 Objectives of SIWES…………………………………………………………..2

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Brief history of place of industrial training…………………………………3

2.1 Department of the federal capital development authority……………………4

2.2 Description of the unit attached………………………………………………4

Organizational chart

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Practical experiences acquired………………………………………… 7

3.1 Cadastral Surveying………………………………………………………7

3.2 Setting out survey………………………………………… ……………..9

3.3.0 Aims of setting out survey………………………………………………..9

3.3.1 Techniques of setting out survey…………………………………………10

3.4.0. Location of plot (Land)…………………………………………………..11

3.4.1. Global positioning system receiver (GPS)…………………………………11

iii

3.4.2. Space segment……………………………………………………………..12

3.4.3. Ground control & monitoring network……………………………………12

3.4.4. User equipment segment…………………………………………………12

3.4.5 Steps required in location of plot…………………………………………..12

3.5. Software application…………………………………………………………13

3.6.0 Data conversion…………………………………………………………….13

3.6.1 Need for geo-referencing…………………………………………………14

3.6.2 Geo-referencing……………………………………………………………15

3.6.3 Map referencing……………………………………………………………16

3.6.4 Vectorisation in AutoCAD…………………………………………………16

3.7. Office work…………………………………………………………………...17

3.8. Abuja Geographical Information System (AGIS)……………………………17

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0. Problems encountered during the period of SIWES………………………..19

4.1. Suggestion…………………………………………………………………19

4.2. Recommendation………………………………………………………….19

4.3. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..20

Appendix

iv
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The establishment of industrial training bring into being by the federal

government in 1976 made it necessary for students in tertiary institution to acquire
experience in various industries in Nigeria, despite the change in governmental
policies this practice remain there and was aimed to bridge the gap between theory
and practical. The need for SIWES arise from the federal government’s directives
on the subject that ‘all students in higher institutions of learning must, of necessity,
undergo a compulsory period of industrial training with reputable and accredited
organizations in order to satisfy the university requirement’.

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University adopts the standard in which the students
in the school of Environmental Technology and School of Engineering Technology
undertake it in second semester 400 level. This will expose the students to various
field and practical techniques which they may find themselves engage after
graduation, the students will be under strict supervision by a qualified persons.

1.1 STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

The student work experience scheme as the name implies is aimed at bridging
the gap between theory and practical and enable students to reconcile theoretical
part of knowledge with industrial practices. The need for industrial attachment is to
satisfy the University requirement and to have practical aspect of every course of
studies. The industrial training program me is vital component in every course of
study in the university, it has the advantages of preparing a student for the real life
work after graduation.
 The training helps to train students on the need for experience of handling
tools and equipment and demonstrate a practical ability in the application of those
basic tools in the profession. Therefore, the period of industrial attachment is very
vital and important because it enables the students to acquire as much knowledge
and practical experience as possible to orient student for the tax ahead.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF S.I.W.E.S.

1. It gives students an idea of the relevant ministries or private organization that

suit their profession and to prepare and properly equipped student to meet day-to-
day challenges they may likely encounter after graduation.

2. It exposes students toward method and various techniques of handling

equipment and machinery.

3. It makes transition from university environment to field work and therefore

enhances students to effectively manage their job in future.

4. It provides students with opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in real

work situation thus bridging the gap between theories acquired in classroom and
real practical.

5. It enlists and strengthens employment in the entries educational process of

preparing university graduate for employment in industries.

6. Expose students to various methods and the articulation of safety at work.

7. Formulation, familiarization of students to jobs, schedules in various industries

and government ministries.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 BRIEF HISTORY OF PLACE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Federal capital development authority located at capital road, area 11 garki
Abuja was established under the military panel of 3th February 1976 set by
then the head of state general Murtala Mohammed which was purposely set
up to decide on the location of the federal capital has recommended that the
nation’s capital should move out of Lagos to a federal territory of about 8,000
square kilometers to the central part of the country. The recommendation of the
panel was accepted by the federal military Government and to give it legal
backing Decree (Act) No.6 of 1976 was promulgated there by establishing the
Federal Capital Development Authority which consists of a chairman and eight
other members. In order to avoid land speculation in the area, Decree was also
being promulgated immediately to vest all land in the federal territory in the
Federal Government.
The Federal Capital Development Authority under Act No.6 which was
enacted 4th February 1976 charged with the responsibility for:
1) The boundaries of the federal capital territory shall be accurately surveyed
and demarcated as soon as may be after the commencement of this act by or
on behalf of the Federal Capital Development Authority and such
boundaries shall correspond as closely as possible in detail to the boundaries
of the area described in the first schedule of this Act.
2) Subject to and in accordance with this Act the Authority shall be charged
with the responsibility for:
 Choice of site for the location of the capital city within the capital
territory.
 The preparation of a master-plan for the use of land within the capital
city and the rest of the capital territory.
 The provision of public services within the capital territory
  The establishment of infrastructural services in accordance with the
master-plan.
 The coordination of the activities of the ministries, departments,
agencies of the Government of the federation within the capital
territory.
3) No person or body shall within the federal capital territory carry out any
development within the meaning of this Act unless the written approval of
the authority has been obtained by such person or body.
2.1 DEPARTMENT OF THE FEDERAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY
 Engineering.
 Survey & Mapping.
 Resettlement & Compensation.
 Finance & Administration.
 Mass Housing.
 Satellite Town Infrastructure.
 Urban & Regional Planning.
 Public Building.
 Procurement.
 Public Relations.
2.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIT ATTACHED
Before the creation of this Department in may 2004, by then the minister
of the Federal Capital Territory Mallam Nasir Elrufai, surveying was an
integral part of the former Department of land, planning and survey, it is vested
statutorily with all surveying and mapping works in the Federal Capital
Territory this include:
 Survey activities of parcel of land in the Federal Capital Territory.
 Lay out Designs
 Production of Title Deed plans (TDP) for certificate of occupancy.
 Demarcation of farm lands and quarry site in the regions.
 Maps production of varying scales such as Digital and line maps for the
Federal Capital Territory.
 Re-establishment of controls in and around the Federal Capital Territory.
 Charting and Recording of plots allocated.
 Documentation of plots,
 Supervisions of all registered surveyors practicing in the Federal Capital
Territory.

To accelerate action in all ever growing and demanding environment, the

Department is further split in to divisions with each performing complimentary
but distinct function .Bellow are the divisions and their functions.

(a)Urban Survey: this division carries out survey work within the federal capital
city, including the survey of parcels of land, lay outs, perimeter and cadastral
zones. It also produces survey data to be used for TDP. And it is further divided
in to urban survey north and urban survey south.

(b) Regional Survey: the division co-ordinates survey activities (as is done in
urban survey) but its activities are limited to the six area councils of the Federal
Capital Territory. It is also charged with the task of demarcation of farm land,
quarry sites and mining areas in the regions as well as the supervision of
activities that affect inter-state or inter local boundaries.

(c) Mapping and Control: this division produces maps of varying scales such as
digital and line maps for the Federal Capital Territory. It is also in charge of
the re-establishment of controls in and around the Federal Capital Territory.
(d) Cartography: this division undertakes the jobs of the charting and
documentation of plots, the verifying of plots charged for TDP and the
determination of the actual status of those plots. It is also in charge of map
reproduction and plan preparations. Cartography is further structured in to
sections which are charting and reporting, plan preparation, map
reproduction and fair drawing.
(e) Logistic: under this unit we have:
 Provides for the need of the Department.
 Coordinates the logistic of various sections of the Department in the area
of budget, manpower and equipment procurement.
 Coordinates survey contracts and monitoring/evaluation of survey for
payment.
 Maintains the periodicals and maps of the other Departments in its
archives.
 Handles the training and development of personnel.
The organ gram of the department indicates that the director is the head of the
department and every other unit is under the director’s office.

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES ACQUIRED

The practical experiences acquired during my internship at survey and

mapping department of the federal capital development authority Abuja are as
follows:

 Civil engineering construction

 Setting out survey
 Location of plots (land)
 Software Application
 Data conversion for GIS & Digital mapping
 Office work (drawing of survey site plans and layout of Gosa and Lugbe
extension of Abuja municipal area council)
3.1 CADASTRAL SURVEY

Cadastral survey is a technique employed to obtain cadastral plan,

cadastral surveying generally includes; layouts mutations, dispute surveys,
rules and regulations guiding demarcations of boundaries, methods of
cadastral field operations with the necessary computations and adjustments.
A cadastral plan is defined as a map or plan which purports to identify a
particular parcel of land for purposes of ownership or registration and
thereby show the boundaries with a degree of accuracy. The completed plan
has to be certified by a licensed surveyor, it usual for the cadastral plan to
require a check by an official surveyor or survey organization in which the
plan will carry an official mark or seal. In the demarcation of boundaries,
there are some requirement needed, the boundaries has to be clearly defined
and the under listed could be used for demarcation.
I. Concrete pillars: the concrete pillar which could be of various sizes
and they are usually cemented into position and then they carry
identification marks possibly molded into the wet concrete with iron
rod at the centre.
II. Iron rods: the iron rod driven deep into the ground at the centre of
concrete and carrying an identification mark on a bolted or welded
plate.
III. Wooden pegs : the wooden pegs are driven deep into the ground to
mark the extent of the parcel of land .
IV. Dressed stone; the identification mark must be cut by hand which
makes it expensive although it may be durable.

The practical experience I had during my internship on cadastral survey

was when surveying a plot located in an area where there were no control
points nearby for us to be able to tie the survey job, so we had to do control
extension to the area .The plot is in katampe and the only nearby control was
in maitama, so the Differencial GPS receiver (promark 3) was used, in
which it was placed on the point at maitama. The following procedures were
adhered to-

1. The tripod was placed on the point and the tribrach was screwed on the
tripod.
2. The optical plummet was now used for centering.
3. Spirit bubble was leveled.
4. The receivers were placed on the tribach.
5. Antenna was placed on the receivers, in which it’s used to orient the
instrument to the north.
6. Height of instrument is then measured which is usually from the antenna
down to the point of interest, making used of measuring tape.
7. Receiver is then switch on and the time is booked. After the
aforementioned procedures have been accomplished, the receiver was
now left for an hour for it to track down satellite and then obtained the
data and also store the data in its memory. When we go back to office the
data was downloaded from the memory and then processed. The
coordinate obtained was used to plot the boundary of the plot in which
concrete pillars driven down and it was cemented and identification
marks was molded in to the concrete. At the office the data was
processed using the instrument software and AutoCAD was used in
plotting attached in the appendix.
3.2 SETTING OUT SURVEY

Setting out which can be defined as the reverse of surveying because

surveying is the process of producing a plan or map of a particular area (i.e.
survey can also be refer to as setting in), while setting out implies beginning
with the plan and ends with some particular engineering project correctly
positioned in the area. But the irony of the whole issues is that most of the
techniques and equipment used in surveying are also used in setting out and
which simply implies setting out is one of the application of surveying.
Setting out was defined by the international organization for standardization
(ISO) in their publication ISO/DP7078 building construction which state
that – Setting out is the establishment of the marks and lines to defined the
position and levels of the elements for the construction work so that works
may proceed with reference to them. This process may be constricted with
 the purpose of surveying which is to determine by measurement of the
positions of the existing features.

3.3.0 AIMS OF SETTING OUT SURVEY

There are two main aims when undertaking setting out operation,
which are as follows:-
1. The new structure must be correct in all three dimensions both
relatively and absolutely, i.e. it must be in its correct size in the
correct plan position and its correct reduced level.
2. Once setting out begins it proceed quickly and with little or no delay
in order that the works can be proceed smoothly and the cost can be
minimized.

3.3.1. TECHNIQUES OF SETTING OUT

I. Horizontal control point must be established within or near the design area from
which the design points can be set out at their correct plan position,

II. Reference marks of known height relative to an agreed datum are required
within or near the design area from which the design points can be set out at their
correct level,

III. Accurate methods must be adapted to established design points from this
horizontal and vertical control.

The setting out we did for the proposed estate owned by Elukoko enterprises at
lugbe 1 extension, the plotted plan is attached in the index. The method of
positioning technique employed was from coordinates, it is the best method in
which design points will be coordinated in terms of the site grid or referenced to a
base line. The instrument used was total station, reflector, tripod, and the under
listed steps was followed:

a) The total station was removed from its case and mounted on the tripod, and
also the necessary temporary adjustment was carried out.
b) All the angles was imputed in to the total station
c) Each design point was set out from three control points
d) A concrete pillars which was cemented in to position and then identification
marks was molded in to the concrete.

3.4. LOCATION OF PLOT (LAND)

It is also one of the outstanding experiences obtained during my

internship, the location of plot involves the location of a plot in a particular
area either in a new layout or in a dense populated area, residential area and
most especially in bushy or forest-region in which habitation is not so
pronounced. The instrument required for the accomplishments of this task is
“HAND HELD GPS RECEIVER”, it will be easier if the plot of land has
coordinates i.e. the plot of land that has already been surveyed and the beacon
number are there already, what you are only required to do is to ascertain the
position of the plot and for easy identification to the client.
3.4.1. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RECEIVER (GPS)

The hand held receiver provides quickly, accurately the time, position and
velocity of the object any where on the globe at any time. The main thing expected
of you is the exposure to the space for easy access to satellite signals.

It comprises three segments:-

 Space segment
  Ground control/monitoring network
 User equipment segment
3.4.2. SPACE SEGMENT

This is the stage in which satellite in orbit that provides the ranging signals
and data massages to the user equipment.

3.4.3. GROUND CONTROL & MONITORING NETWORK

It is the segment in which the surveyor is really in control, for the hand held, in
which the coordinates will be inputted in to the system, the coordinates which can
be obtained either from AGIS (Abuja Geographical Information System) or any
source.

3.4.4. USER EQUIPMENT SEGMENT

At this stage the user equipment will perform the surveying that is directing
you signifying either to North, South, East, West and also stating the velocity
covered and if other wise.

3.4.5. STEPS REQUIRED IN LOCATING A POT OF LAND AT DAPE AND

AT LUGBE EXTENSION IN ABUJA

1. We had to source for a hand-held GPS receiver with a reasonable accuracy of

not less than 5-10mm.

2. Dry battery was inserted into it.

3. The coordinates we obtained from AGIS was inputted in the office before
setting out to the site.
4. Inside the car we ensured the GPS was held outside the window for easy
tracking of satellites, in which the required satellites range from 4-6.

3.5. SOFTWARE APPLICATION

During our industrial training we are exposing to the application of many

surveying software such as Google maper, Ilwis, Idirisi, AutoCAD Land Dep, and
AutoCAD 200i for Geo-reference and digitizing AutoCAD 2007 for plotting of
site plan, traverse either using coordinates or bearing and distance, plotting profile
plan, for topographical survey we used surfer 8 and for data conversion such as
conversion of longitude and latitude to degree minute and secant, i.e. conversion of
UTM coordinate to ATM coordinate , traverse computation both fore-ward and
backward , astronomy, leveling we use survCAD and GEOCALC software.

3.6. DATA CONVERSION FOR GIS AND DIGITAL MAPPING

Many of the agencies and enterprises that use land related data have very long
history of existing maps, plans of layout, and imageries, for such data to be useful
in digital form they requires careful digitization.

Existing map and related documents converted via digitizing can be expected
to meet the requirements of digital mapping. Maps digitizing in AutoCAD land
dep. Data conversion can be done using digitizer and on-screen digitizing from
scanned image or satellite images. The process of converting existing plans and
scanned image to digital format is referring to as Geo-referencing.

To Geo-reference something means to define its existence in physical space.

That is, establishing its location in terms of map projections or coordinate systems.
The term is used both when establishing the relation between raster or vector
images and coordinates but also when determining the spatial location of other
geographical features. Examples would include establishing the correct position of
an aerial photograph within a map or finding the geographical coordinates of a
place name or street address. This procedure is thus imperative to data modeling in
the field of geographic information systems (GIS) and other cartographic methods.
When data from different sources need to be combined and then used in a GIS
application, it becomes essential to have a common referencing system. This is
brought about by using various geo-referencing techniques. Most geo-referencing
tasks are undertaken either because the user wants to produce a new map or
because they want to link two or more different datasets together by virtue of the
fact that they relate to the same geographic locations.

3.6.1. NEED FOR GEOREFERENCING

 Geo-referencing is crucial to making aerial and satellite imagery, usually

raster images, useful for mapping as it explains how other data, such as the
above GPS points, relate to the imagery.
 Very essential information may be contained in data or images that were
produced at a different point of time. It may be desired either to combine or
compare this data with that currently available. The latter can be used to
analyze the changes in the features under study over a period of time.
 Different maps may use different projection systems. Geo-referencing tools
contain methods to combine and overlay these maps with minimum
distortion.
 Using geo-referencing methods, data obtained from surveying tools like total
stations may be given a point of reference from topographic maps already
available.
  It may be required to establish the relationship between social survey results
which have been coded with postal codes or street addresses and other
geographic areas such as census zones or other areas used in public
administration or service planning.

3.6.2. METHODS OF GEOREFERENCING

There are various GIS tools available that can transform image data to some
geographic control framework, like ArcMap, AutoCAD,PCI Geomatica, or
ERDAS Imagine. One can geo-reference a set of points, lines, polygons, images, or
3D structures. For instance, a GPS device will record latitude and longitude
coordinates for a given point of interest, effectively geo-referencing this point.

To geo-reference an image, one first needs to establish control points, input the
known geographic coordinates of these control points, choose the coordinate
system and other projection parameters and then minimize residuals. Residuals are
the difference between the actual coordinates of the control points and the
coordinates predicted by the geographic model created using the control points.
They provide a method of determining the level of accuracy of the geo-referencing
process.

Procedure of converting scanned image to digital format: In the case of our

training, we used AutoCAD and here are the procedures bellows:

1. Acquire or scan the image and save it in the proper exchange format
supported by AutoCAD on the system or storage devices.
2. Launch AutoCAD and effect the necessary settings:-
 Go to format and define units, angular direction, precision, north, and
clockwise direction.
  Go to layers and create all the necessary vector layers, specify their
line type and color.
3. Go to insect menu select raster image, the image window will appear then
click attach and locate the scanned image file and open it, the attach image
window will automatically displayed. Insert the image parameter group box,
uncheck “specify on-screen” the scale factor box becomes undimmed then
type the scale of the scanned map, click on details the image information
group box appears, select the unit of choice (meter) and click ok. At this
point image is rendered at the scale of data conversion. To view the image
type Z to zoom and E to show extent of the image.
3.6.3. MAP REFERENCING
 Select map tools under map menu
 Select rubber sheet
 At the command line, you will see a message “Base point 1” position the
mouse on the first control point and digitize it (click on the point)
 A message is displayed at the command line “Reference point” enter the
coordinate of the point and press enter key.
 Digitize other point and enter their coordinates.
 When you enter the coordinates of the last control point, press enter key
twice.
 Type letter S to respond to the message “Select Objects” by area and
press enter key
 Click on the edge of the scanned map and press enter key
 Zoom extent to show the image/drawing in its correct position.
3.6.4. VECTORISATION IN AUTOCAD
 The map is now successfully geo-reference and ready for
vectorisation. This can also be referred to as on-screen digitizing in
AutoCAD.
1. Turn on and make current a layer to vectorise in to.
2. Pick a drawing tool (p line or line)
3. Zoom to the part of the image and interactively click and move the
mouse at the turning points of the detail you are vectorising. You can
zoom very closely in and out while tracing, each time this is done the
tracing process is temporarily interrupted. To resume the process
simply right click and exit, then you are back to where you last traced.
This procedure will be used to digitize all the features in the scanned
image.
3.7. OFFICE WORK
Most of the office works are drawing of survey site plans and
survey layout using AutoCAD and using different scale and also text
the drawn plans. The plans drawn are attached in the appendix of this
report.

3.8. ABUJA GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (AGIS)

This is an affiliate of FCDA but an entity on its own, but there

are interwoven responsibilities among the surveyors. The unit in
AGIS in which the department deals with is the unit responsible for
issuing out certificate of occupancy (C OF O) to the respective
owners of the property. In completion of the typing and to the
successful endorsement of the list, both the list and the files will be
taken to AGIS for conformation. The files were initially brought to
 FCDA, GIS unit of the survey and mapping for the attachment of
survey data. The survey data, which comprises:
 Cadastral zone
 Ploy number
 Plot size
 Certification of beacon numbers

We the industrial training students use to go there on occasion to collect some files
or data concerning plots of land.
 CHPTER FOUR

4.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTER DURING THE PERIOD OF SIWES

During my SIWES period there was no much problem encounter, the little
problems I encountered is that the organization is very far from my place of living
so I have to be transport myself when going to work and it is three drops from
where I am living and also the problems of using the modern surveying equipment
like Dual frequency java RTK GPS receiver, sokkia GPS RECEIVER, Promark 3
GPS receiver and total station to perform different survey operation.

IV.1 SUGGESTION

During my SIWES period, I experience some break ups, which I will

appreciate if the school management will amend if possible. So my suggestion to
the school management should have a little conversation with the organization in
which the student is being attached to even if it is just only transport fees they will
be giving to the students it will be appreciated.

IV.2 RECOMMENDATION
I personally want to recommend that this SIWES period really help us a
lot, because we where expose to different field of studies and we really gain
things in the practical aspect. Therefore, I recommend that student should be
posted quickly so that they will go and start the SIWES in a good time and if
 possible that SIWES should be extended to at least 7-8 months for students in
the school of Environmental Technology and school of Engineering
Technology.

IV.3 CONCLUSION
In conclusion we are now expose to various field of studies and
techniques of surveying using different digital surveying instrument and also
students on going to service (NYSC) will not find it difficult and new because
of the experience gained in the SIWES training.