 Isentropic Efficiency for Compressor:

Problem#2.4: Air enters a compressor and is compressed adiabatically from 0.1 MPa, 27 ͦ C to a
final state of 0.5 MPa. Find the work done on the compressor with an isentropic efficiency of
80 %.

Solution:
Applying SFEE for compressor,
̇ = ̇ (ℎ − ℎ )  ̇
= ̇
= (ℎ −ℎ )

= ( − )

For isentropic process; =  T2s = 475.4 K

Then,
= 1.005(475.4 − 300) = 176 /

( ) = = /

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Problem #2.5: A piston–cylinder device contains 1.2 kg of nitrogen gas at 120 kPa and 27°C.
The gas is now compressed slowly in a polytropic process during which PV1.3= constant. The
process ends when the volume is reduced by one-half. Determine the entropy change of nitrogen
during this process.

Solution:
T  v 
Entropy Change, s2  s1  cV ln 2   R ln 2 
 T1   v1 
For a Polytropic process,

k 1
 T2   v1 
     So, T2 = T1 * (2)0.3 = 369 K
 T1   v 2 
 369 
s 2  s1  0.718 * ln   0.287 * ln0.5
 300 
s2 – s1 = 0.0596 kJ/kgK

Problem #2.6: Air at 20 ͦ C and 1.05 bar occupies 0.025 m3. The air is heated at constant
volume until the pressure is 4.5 bar, and then cooled at constant pressure back to original
temperature. Calculate a) the net heat flow from the air, b) the net entropy change.

Solution:

cp = 1.005kJ/kgK; cv = 0.718 kJ/kgK ------- Assumed

. .
From gas equation, = = = .

For Process 1-2 (Constant Volume Process):

= == T2 = 1255.7 K (Q)v=c = m cv (T2 – T1) = 21.56 kJ

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For Process 2-3 (Constant Pressure Process):

(Q)p=c = m cp (T3 – T2) = - 30.18 kJ where T3 = T1 and –‘ve sign indicates heat loss

Entropy change in process 1-2, − = ln = 0.0326 /

Entropy change in process 2-3, − = ln = −0.0456 /

Net entropy change, (∆s) = s1 –s3 = - 0.013 kJ/K

Supplementary Problems for Practice

1. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures of 600 ͦ C and
40 ͦ C. The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at
temperatures of 40 ͦ C and -20 ͦ C. The heat transfer to the engine is 2 MJ and the net
output of the combined engine and refrigerator plant is 360 kJ. Find the heat transfer to
the refrigerant and the net heat transfer to the reservoir at 40 C. Also find these values if
the efficiency of the heat engine and COP of the refrigerator are each 40% of their
maximum possible values.

2. A reversible engine as shown in Figure below

during a cycle of operation draws 5 MJ from
the 400 K reservoir and does 840 kJ of work.
Find the amount and direction of heat
interaction with other reservoirs.

3. The scales are so chosen that a reversible cycle plots clockwise as a circle on T-s plane,.
The minimum and maximum values of the temperature are 305 and 627 K and the
entropy 1.23 and 2.85 kJ/k respectively. Find the cycle work and efficiency.

4. A gas initially at 603 K expands until its volume is 5.2 times the initial volume according
to pvn = constant. If the initial and final pressures are observed to be 8.5 bar and 1 bar,
determine i) index of expansion, ii) workdone per kg of gas, iii) heat exchange per kg of
gas, and iv) entropy change per kg of gas. Assume cv = 0.712 kJ/kgK and γ = 1.4.

5. One kg of water at 273 K is brought into contact with a heat reservoir at 373 K. When the
water has reached 373 K, find the entropy change of the water, the heat reservoir and the
universe.

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