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By: Mr. Augosto M. Directo
By: Mr. Augosto M. Directo
By: Mr. Augosto M. Directo
Directo
Voltage, Current and Resistance
Voltage is the amount of energy per charge move
electrons in one point to another in a circuit. It is
measured in volts (v)
I total = I1 + I2 + I3
By Analogy: Series Vs Parallel
E I
R1 R2
R1 I1
E
R2 I2
R3 I3
Advantages of parallel circuits
Parallel circuits have two big advantages over series
circuits:
1. Each device in the circuit sees the full battery
voltage.
2. Each device in the circuit may be turned off
independently without stopping the current flowing to
other devices in the circuit.
Ohms Law
States that the voltage is directly proportional to the
current in the circuit.
It is discovered by the German Physicist George Simon
Ohm.
Ohm’s law is:
V = IR ,
I = V/R,
R= V/I
Unit Modifiers for Reference
Smaller Larger
Deci = 10-1 Kilo = 103k
Centi = 10-2 Mega = 106
Milli = 10-3m Giga = 109
Micro = 10-6 Tera = 1015
Nano = 10-9
Pico = 10-12p
Fento = 10-15
Series Circuit Analysis
Example #1
A 4v battery is placed in a series circuit with a 2
resistor.
I = V/R
= 4v/2
I = 2A
Example#2 3
110v I=? 5
7
5 10
220v
Solution
Given:
V=220v
R1 = 5
R2 = 10
I1 = V/ R1 I2 = V/ R2
= 220 / 5 = 220 / 10
= 44 A = 22 A
RT = R1 R2 / R1 + R2 IT = V / RT
= (5 x 10) / 15 = 220/3.33
= 3.33 = 66.06A
Example #4
Find the total voltage and the total resistance of the
load if the total current is 15A and it has a R1 of 6 ohms
and R2 of 2 ohms.
V=? IT =15 6 2
Solution
Given:
R1 = 6
R2 = 2
IT =15 A
RT = R1 R2 / R1 + R2 V T = IT / RT
= (6 x 2) / 8 = 15 A x 1.5
= 1.5 = 22.5 v
I1 = V/ R1 I2 = V/ R2
= 22.5 / 6 = 22.5 / 2
= 3.75 A = 11.25 A
Electric Power, AC, and DC
Electricity
The watt (W) is a unit of power.
Power is the rate at which energy moves or is used.
Since energy is measured in joules, power is measured
in joules per second.
One joule per second is equal to one watt.
Power in electric circuits
One watt is a pretty small amount of power.
In everyday use, larger units are more convenient to
use.
A kilowatt (kW) is equal to 1,000 watts.
The other common unit of power often seen on electric
motors is the horsepower.
One horsepower is 746 watts.
Formula of Power
Voltage (volts)
Power (watts) P = VI
Current (amps
Example # 5
A light bulb with a resistance of 1.5Ω is connected
to a 1.5-volt battery in the circuit shown at right.
Calculate the power used by the light bulb.
Solution
Given:
V = 1.5v
R=3
I =V / R P=VI
= 1.5 / 3 = 1.5 x 0.5
= 0.5 A = 0.75 watts
Paying for electricity
Electric companies charge for the
number of kilowatt-hours used
during a set period of time, often a
month.
One kilowatt-hour (kWh) means
that a kilowatt of power has been
used for one hour.
Since power multiplied by time is
energy, a kilowatt-hour is a unit of
energy.
One kilowatt-hour is 3.6 x 106
joules.
Exercises:
I. Identification:
Direction: Identify the following questions.
1. It is the amount of energy per charge move electrons
in one point to another in a circuit. It is measured in
volts?
2. It is a type of current which the current from a battery
is always in the same direction?
3. It is the opposition of current?
4.It is the rate of charge flow?
5. It is the rate at which energy moves or is used?
6. One horsepower is equivalent to how many watts?
7. In series circuit the total _______ is equal /the same.
8. In parallel circuit the total _______ is equal/the same.
9. A circuit where the voltage across each of the
components is the same, and the total current is the
sum of the currents through each component.
10. It States that the voltage is directly proportional to
the current in the circuit.
11. A circuit where the current through each of the
components is the same, and the voltage across the
components is the sum of the voltages across each
component.
12. Ohm’s Law is discovered by whom a German
Physicist.
13. what does kwh means?
14. How many joules are there in a kwh?
15. The other common unit of power often seen on
electric motors is?
II. Problem Solving:
1. A 115 volt is connected in parallel with the load. It
has a I1 3 A and R2 15 ohms. Find the IT and the RT.
115v
I1 I1 = 3A 15
2. Resistors 1, 2 ,3 has a resistance of 4 , 8 and 12
are connected in series with a total current of 25 A.
Find the total voltage and the V1 , V2 , V3.
4
VT = ? V1 IT = 25A 8
12
RT = R1 +R2 +R3 V T = IT RT
= 4 + 8 + 12 = 25 x 24
= 24 = 600v
3. Given:
V= 220v
R = 35 ohms
Find: I? P?
I = V/R P=VI
= 220 / 35 = 220 x 6.29
= 6.29A = 1382.86 watts
God Bless