Components of male genital system

 External genitalia
1. Scrotum with testis
& epididymis
2. Penis

 Internal genital organs

1. Vas deferens
2. Seminal vesicle
3. Prostate
4. Ejaculatory duct
Male Genitalia
 Scrotum contains two
compartments to house
the testis of each side
 Scrotal skin is pigmented
and hairy
 Dartos muscle (smooth)
fibers connect the skin of
scrotum with the deeper
layers and are responsible
for the rugosity of scrotal
skin
 TESTIS
Right & left testis present in
scrotum suspended by vas
deferens.
Left testis slightly lower than
right.
2 poles – Upper & lower
2 border – Anterior & posterior
2 surfaces – Medial & lateral
Upper pole – directed forwards.
head of epididymis
Appendix of testis
Lower pole 1. directed backwards
2. Tail of epididymis
Lateral surface 1. Body of
epididymis
2. sinus of
epididymis
3. Side identification
Medial surface – Smooth & convex
Posterior border – related to
epididymis
Anterior surface - Free
Coverings of Testis
 External spermatic fascia
(external oblique)
 Cremasteric muscle and
fascia (internal oblique
and transversus)
 Internal spermatic fascia
(fascia transversalis)
 Two layers of tunica
vaginalis separated by a
cavity (peritoneum)
 Tunica vaginalis
1. Parietal layer –
applied to scrotum
2. Visceral layer –
lines the testis

 Tunica albugenia

 Tunica vasculosa
Structure of Testis

 Capsule is formed by
tunica albuginea
 Mediastinum testis is the
partial septum present
inside the testis along its
posterior border
 Trabeculae divide testis
into numerous (200 –
300) conical lobules
 Each lobule directed towards mediastinum and contains 3-4
seminiferous tubules.

 Spermatozoa of various stages and sertoli cells in the tubules

 Leydig cells in between the tubules
Structure of Testis

 Tubules on reaching the

mediastinum becomes
uncoiled

 Tubuli recti are straight

seminiferous tubules and
form a network of
tubules called as rete
testis
Structure of Testis

 Rete testis - irregular

spaces that transmit
sperms via mediastinum
to the efferent ductules
which penetrate tunica
albugenia to enter
epididymis
Epididymis

 Epididymis is the store

house for sperms and
has a head. body and a
tail

 Related to upper pole

posterior border and
lower pole of testis.
 Epididymis
 Head - efferent ductules
become convoluted

 Body - the convoluted

ductules open into the
highly coiled single duct

 Tail - the single duct

(the duct of epididymis)
continues as the vas
deferens
Vas Deferens
 Vas deferens - in
company with other
constituents of spermatic
cord passes through
inguinal canal, reaches
the pelvis and joins the
duct of the seminal
vesicle to form
ejaculatory duct which
opens into the prostatic
part of urethra
Contents of spermatic cord
 Vas deferens
 Artery to vas
 Testicular artery
 Pampniform plexus of veins
 Lymphatics
 Sympathetic plexus
 Ilioinguinal nerve
 Remnant of processes
vaginalis

Applied anatomy
 Vasectomy
 Varicocele
 1. Testicular artery –
from abdominal aorta.
2. Artery to vas - from
superior or inferior
vesical artery.
3. Cremasteric artery – from
inferior epigastric artery.
15 – 20 veins emerge from the
posterior border & unite to form –
PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS OF
VEINS.
These gradually reduce in number &
becomes
4 at superficial inguinal ring
2 at deep inguinal ring
1 at posterior abdominal wall.
Descent of testis

Testis descends from

lumbar region to
scrotum
3rd month – iliac fossa
7th month – deep ing ring
8th month – sup ing ring
9th month – upper part of

scrotum
Gubernaculum Testis
 Gubernaculum testis, a
fibromuscular tissue
whose upper end is
attached to the lower
pole of the testis and the
lower end which has tail-
like processes are
attached to umbilicus,
inguinal region, femoral
region, scrotum and
perineum
Descent of Testis
 Pull exerted by all the tails
along with other factors
brings the testis down from
the posterior abdominal
wall into the scrotum
 Any abnormal pull by any
one tail will result in
ectopic testis
 Cryptorchism –
undescended testis
Factors responsible for
descent
 Increased
intraabdominal
pressure
 Hormonal factors
 Differential growth
 Gubernaculum testis
Clinical Anatomy

 Hydrocele – fluid
collection in the cavity of
the tunica vaginalis
Clinical Anatomy

 Varicocele - varicosity of
veins of spermatic cord
Penis

 Skin is thin, hairless, and

dark; Forms a fold over
glans penis called the
prepuse or foreskin
 Fascia contains neuro-
vascular bundle in the
midline of the dorsal
aspect of the penis
Parts
 Root – Crus & bulb
 Body
 Tip
 External features

 Glans penis –
expanded part of
bulbospongioses
 Prepuce – Skin
covering the glans
 Corona glandins –
raised margin
 Neck of penis
 Frenulum - fold of
skin from glans to
prepuce.
 Body – fibroelastic
mass of corpora
cavernosa and corpora
spongiosa.
 Corpora cavernosa – 2
in number, cavernosu
spaces supplied by
helicine arteries
 Corpus spongiosum –
present inferior and
ventral to corpus
cavernosum traversed
by penile urethra
Section of Penis Blood supply
 Deep artery of penis
gives rise to helicine
arteries supplies corpora
cavernosa
 Dorsal artery of penis
supplies glans penis

 Deep dorsal vein of penis

– unpaired
 Superficial vein of penis
drain into great
saphenous vein.
 Applied anatomy
circumcision