On Hazirlik Basics 87

BASICS
2020 Sonbahar
YDS - YÖKDİL
ÖN HAZIRLIK
www.remzihoca.com
Ön Hazırlık Basics
2020 sonbahar Ön Hazırlık Grubu
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Parts of Speech
noun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. ▢
. . . . .+. .noun ..
.adjective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. ▢
. . . . . . .+. noun ..
.adverb
.....+. .adjective
.......+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. ▢
. .noun ..
.verb
...+. .adverb . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 ..
.verb
...+. .object . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 ..
Preposition
. . . .of. .Prepositions
List . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 ..
.Preposition
. . . . . . . . .Recognition . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 ..
.Preposition
. . . . . . . . .Block
. . . . .Translation . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 ..
.Preposition
. . . . . . . . .Block
. . . . .Test . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 ..
Past Tenses
. . . . . of
Table . . Past
. . . . Tenses . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 ..
.List
. . .of. .Irregular
. . . . . . .Verbs . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 ..
.Form
. . . . Recognition . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 ..
.Form
. . . . Recognition . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 ..
.Meaning
. . . . . . .Recognition . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 ..
.Tense
. . . . .Bağlaçları . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 ..
.vs. .Questions . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 ..
Present Tenses
. . . . . of
Table . . Present
. . . . . . .Tenses . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 ..
.Form
. . . . Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 ..
.Form
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 ..
.Meaning
. . . . . . .Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 ..
.Since
. . . . vs
. . .For . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 ..
.vs. .Questions . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 ..
Future Tenses
. . . . . of
Table . . Future
. . . . . .Tenses . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 ..
.Form
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 ..
.Form
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 ..
.Meaning
. . . . . . .Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151 ..
1 www.remzihoca.com
Tense Revision
. . . . . of
Table . . All
. . .Tenses . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 ..
.Form
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 ..
.Form
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 ..
.Meaning
. . . . . . .Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 ..
Modals
. . . .of. .Modals
List . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 ..
.Meaning
. . . . . . .Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . .1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 ..
.Meaning
. . . . . . .Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199 ..
.Mood
. . . . .Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204 ..
.Time
. . . .Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 ..
.Simple
. . . . . Modal
. . . . . .Examples . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213 ..
.Perfect
. . . . . .Modal
. . . . .Examples . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 ..
Passive Voice
. . . . . . . Tables
Passive . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222 ..
.Form
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228 ..
.Form
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 ..
Verbals
. . . . . . .Table
Verbals . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 ..
.Phrase
. . . . . .Translation . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240 ..
.Sentence
. . . . . . . Translation . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242 ..
Pronouns
Pronouns . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 ..
.Recognition
. . . . . . . . . Questions . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 ..
Adjective & Adverb

. . . . .&
Table . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259 ..
Transitions
. . . . . . . . .List
Transition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 ..
.Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 ..
. . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276 ..
Conjunctions
. . . . . . . . . . List
Conjunction . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280 ..
. . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282 ..
. . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 ..
2 www.remzihoca.com
Prepositional Phrases
. . . . . . . . . . . Phrase
Prepositional . . . . . . List . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296 ..
. . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 ..
. . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 ..
Correlative Conjunctions
. . . . . . . . . .List
Correlative . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312 ..
Conditionals
. . . . . . . . . . .Table
Conditionals . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316 ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321 ..
Relative Clause
Markers . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329 ..
Noun Clause
Markers . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332 ..
.Example
. . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334 ..
.RC
. . .vs. .NC
. . .Questions . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337 ..
▢ Tamamladığınız alıştırmaları işaretleyebilirsiniz.
Bu dijital kaynak kullanıcının isteği üzerine ders notu olarak çoğaltılmıştır.
3 www.remzihoca.com
Parts of Speech
Bu ünitede kelime türlerinin kullanım yerleri ve oluşturdukları tamlamalar anlatılmaktadır. noun (isim) - adjective
(sıfat) - verb (fiil) - adverb (zarf)
• noun + noun
• adjective + noun
• adverb + adjective + noun
• verb + adverb
• verb + object
4 www.remzihoca.com
noun + noun > introduction
Bu alıştırmada "isim + isim" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: discussion topic 6: food demand

TR: TR:
2: health practices 7: arrival date

TR: TR:
3: heart rate 8: blood sugar

TR: TR:
4: weekend trip 9: adult behaviours

TR: TR:
5: injury risk 10: fashion design

TR: TR:
5 www.remzihoca.com
noun + noun > homework
Bu alıştırmada "isim + isim" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: brain damage 16: defense mechanism

TR: TR:
2: life story 17: poverty level

TR: TR:
3: crime rate 18: stomach ache

TR: TR:
4: chest pain 19: dinner time

TR: TR:
5: photograph album 20: space telescope

TR: TR:
6: character analysis 21: animal products

TR: TR:
7: luxury car 22: space station

TR: TR:
8: learning strategy 23: allergy sufferer

TR: TR:
9: air pollution 24: teaching technique

TR: TR:
10: factory worker 25: behaviour disorder

TR: TR:
11: company rules 26: mammal species

TR: TR:
12: journal editor 27: weight loss

TR: TR:
13: forest loss 28: security forces

TR: TR:
14: justice system 29: comedy actor

TR: TR:
15: adult learner 30: health insurance

TR: TR:
6 www.remzihoca.com
adjective + noun > introduction
Bu alıştırmada "sıfat + isim" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: various reasons 6: complete recovery

TR: TR:
2: political party 7: economic depression

TR: TR:
3: general information 8: possible danger

TR: TR:
4: warm weather 9: right conditions

TR: TR:
5: interesting news 10: easy solution

TR: TR:
7 www.remzihoca.com
adjective + noun > homework
Bu alıştırmada "sıfat + isim" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: severe injury 16: natural disaster

TR: TR:
2: economic growth 17: final decision

TR: TR:
3: special need 18: accidental damage

TR: TR:
4: careful analysis 19: potential threat

TR: TR:
5: weak eyesight 20: wild animal

TR: TR:
6: scientific discovery 21: protected area

TR: TR:
7: popular view 22: manned spacecraft

TR: TR:
8: powerful influence 23: major challenge

TR: TR:
9: historic battle 24: religious belief

TR: TR:
10: full support 25: global protest

TR: TR:
11: alarming rise 26: tight control

TR: TR:
12: dry deserts 27: complete destruction

TR: TR:
13: pleasant smell 28: tough assignment

TR: TR:
14: thick walls 29: terrible headache

TR: TR:
15: moonless nights 30: stress-free life

TR: TR:
8 www.remzihoca.com
adverb + adjective + noun > introduction
Bu alıştırmada "zarf + sıfat + isim" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: largely voluntary organization 6: astonishingly beautiful painting

TR: TR:
2: amazingly cheap Chinese goods 7: extremely vivid colours

TR: TR:
3: richly decorated room 8: technologically advanced country

TR: TR:
4: temporarily unemployed worker 9: deeply fascinating book

TR: TR:
5: architecturally interesting monument 10: physically active job

TR: TR:
9 www.remzihoca.com
adverb + adjective + noun > homework
Bu alıştırmada "zarf + sıfat + isim" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: unusually severe damage 16: publicly accessible areas

TR: TR:
2: fairly strong possibility 17: totally different approach

TR: TR:
3: highly gifted children 18: immensely detailed report

TR: TR:
4: fairly economical price 19: perfectly balanced diet

TR: TR:
5: visually impaired person 20: hugely expensive commodity

TR: TR:
6: overly harsh criticism 21: remarkably close correlation

TR: TR:
7: generally consistent results 22: legally valid licence

TR: TR:
8: sparsely populated areas 23: hardly convincing evidence

TR: TR:
9: extremely low pressure 24: totally reliable source

TR: TR:
10: outstandingly successful company 25: racially homogeneous society

TR: TR:
11: culturally acceptable behaviours 26: highly significant influence

TR: TR:
12: nearly perfect combination 27: relatively rare disorder

TR: TR:
13: entirely superficial knowledge 28: really huge demand

TR: TR:
14: easily observable factors 29: madly jealous wife

TR: TR:
15: rapidly developing region 30: easily predictable result

TR: TR:
10 www.remzihoca.com
verb + adverb > introduction
Bu alıştırmada "fiil + zarf" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: to answer negatively 11: to shout loudly

TR: TR:
2: to wait quietly 12: to look carefully

TR: TR:
3: to follow closely 13: to run fast

TR: TR:
4: to explain clearly 14: to grow quickly

TR: TR:
5: to say gently 15: to know exactly

TR: TR:
6: to study abroad 16: to decide wisely

TR: TR:
7: to affect directly 17: to check daily

TR: TR:
8: to live alone 18: to harm seriously

TR: TR:
9: to spread slowly 19: to hold firmly

TR: TR:
10: to think differently 20: to damage badly

TR: TR:
verb + adverb > homework
Bu alıştırmada "fiil + zarf" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: to teach effectively 16: to act wisely

TR: TR:
2: to talk loudly 17: to use properly

TR: TR:
3: to explain in detail 18: to breathe deeply

TR: TR:
4: to know well 19: to sell cheaply

TR: TR:
5: to deserve totally 20: to meet regularly

TR: TR:
6: to open slowly 21: to treat fairly

TR: TR:
7: to share equally 22: to hurt seriously

TR: TR:
8: to grow slowly 23: to hear correctly

TR: TR:
9: to begin suddenly 24: to clean properly

TR: TR:
10: to focus entirely 25: to affect directly

TR: TR:
11: to eat quickly 26: to represent legally

TR: TR:
12: to judge wrongly 27: to communicate effectively

TR: TR:
13: to damage badly 28: to injure deliberately

TR: TR:
14: to act bravely 29: to negotiate secretly

TR: TR:
15: to read silently 30: to fall steadily

TR: TR:
verb + object > introduction
Bu alıştırmada "fiil + nesne" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: to preserve wildlife 11: to receive award

TR: TR:
2: to publish journal 12: to gain weight

TR: TR:
3: to win a race 13: to threaten health

TR: TR:
4: to develop a new drug 14: to receive call

TR: TR:
5: to reach a decision 15: to collect fossils

TR: TR:
6: to provide security 16: to see a doctor

TR: TR:
7: to treat infection 17: to forget memories

TR: TR:
8: to train teachers 18: to predict the disaster

TR: TR:
9: to show great interest 19: to play an important role

TR: TR:
10: to prove a theory 20: to pollute the environment

TR: TR:
verb + object > homework
Bu alıştırmada "fiil + nesne" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: to form a socialist party 16: to accept an invitation happily

TR: TR:
2: to pay the electricity bill 17: to stop the production abruptly

TR: TR:
3: to undergo a major operation 18: to experience a serious crisis

TR: TR:
4: to conduct further research 19: to start the political discussion

TR: TR:
5: to enter a crucial period 20: to overcome economic problems successfully

TR: TR:
6: to use physical force 21: to suffer from a genetic disease

TR: TR:
7: to control foreign trade 22: to follow political agenda closely

TR: TR:
8: to get a temporary job 23: to affect your health negatively

TR: TR:
9: to cause physical damage 24: to put forward an excellent idea

TR: TR:
10: to meet diverse needs 25: to advance medical science greatly

TR: TR:
11: to prevent crime 26: to preserve the traditional culture

TR: TR:
12: to deliver goods 27: to assess the general situation briefly

TR: TR:
13: to cancel appointment 28: to face a difficulty

TR: TR:
14: to conduct a survey 29: to cause a disaster

TR: TR:
15: to cause a radical change 30: to carry a serious risk

TR: TR:
Preposition
• List of Prepositions
• Preposition Recognition
• Preposition Block Translation
• Preposition Block Test
List of Prepositions > place
in ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki, ...nın içinde inside
in ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki in a field
at ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki a point in place, position, scale, order
on …de, …da, …deki, …daki, ....nın üzerinde touching the surface of
over …üzerinde, …üzerinden, …üzerine higher position
above …üzerinde level
below ...altında level
under ...altında lower position
beneath ...altında under
underneath ...altında under
between …arasında in the space separating
among …arasında as a part of; in the middle of
along …boyunca only with ‘place’ expressions
throughout …nın her yerinde in every part of it, everywhere in
within …içerisinde, …de, …da not further than an area
inside …içerisinde, …de, …da in or into
outside …dışında, …dışarısında not in
beyond …ötesinde further away
near …yanında close to
beside …yanında close to
next to …bitişiğinde very close to
behind ...arkasında in the back side of sth
in front of ...nın önünde in the front side of sth
opposite …karşısında facing
in
çeviri > ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki, ...nın içinde
ilişki > inside
to live in a crowded city
the information in the book
animals in this climate
a tumour in the brain
in
çeviri > ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki, ...nın içinde
ilişki > inside
advances in medical science
an increase in the population
innovations in technology
a PhD in chemistry
a change in personality
at
çeviri > ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki
ilişki > a point in place, position, scale, order
patients at the hospital
flying at an altitude of 12,000 metres
at a constant speed
at a depth of 350 metres
on
çeviri > …de, …da, …deki, …daki, ....nın üzerinde
ilişki > touching the surface of
the plates on the table
the painting on the wall
broken glass on the ground
no water on Mars
over
çeviri > …üzerinde, …üzerinden, …üzerine
ilişki > higher position
to hold an umbrella over his wife
put your hands over your ears
thick black smoke over the city
muscles all over the body
above
çeviri > …üzerinde

ilişki > level
above the sea level
its height above the ground
His blood pressure is above normal.
below
çeviri > ...altında
ilişki > level
50 m below sea level
an IQ score below 50
temperatures below zero
under

ilişki > lower position
to hide under the table
fossil fuels under the ocean
blood vessels under the skin
beneath
ilişki > under
to sit beneath a tree
to hide beneath the floorboard
underneath
ilişki > under
The keys are underneath the mat.
a bomb underneath the car
between
çeviri > …arasında
ilişki > in the space separating
a bridge between Asia and Europe
talks between management and unions
trade route between India and Europe
the distance between stars
among
ilişki > as a part of; in the middle of
I can’t see her among the crowd.
depression risk among men
to search among the wreckage
along
çeviri > …boyunca

ilişki > only with ‘place’ expressions
trees along the road
a romantic walk along the beach
throughout
çeviri > …nın her yerinde
ilişki > in every part of it, everywhere in
common throughout the world
the spread of cancer throughout the body
within
çeviri > …içerisinde, …de, …da

ilişki > not further than an area
There was no one within the building.
the blood within the heart
inside
çeviri > …içinde, …de, …da
ilişki > in or into
the food inside the fridge
the computer inside the machine
outside
çeviri > …dışında, …dışarısında
ilişki > not in
outside the garden
outside the mating season
beyond
çeviri > …ötesinde
ilişki > further away
the area beyond that bridge
The village is beyond that river.
near
çeviri > …yanında
ilişki > close to
beside
çeviri > …yanında
ilişki > close to
next to
çeviri > … bitişiğinde
ilişki > very close to
habitats near the water
to wait beside her
to sit next to the window
behind
çeviri > ...arkasında
ilişki > in the back side of sth
in front of
çeviri > ...nın önünde
ilişki > in the front side of sth
opposite
çeviri > …karşısında

ilişki > facing
a shopping mall behind his office
the factor behind her success
parking space in front of the hotel
It is opposite the post office.
List of Prepositions > time
in ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki during
at ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki a point in time
on …de, …da, …deki, …daki, ....nın üzerinde days
…de, …da, …boyunca, …sırasında,

during only with ‘time’ expressions
...esnasında
throughout …boyunca from the beginning to the end of
for …dır, …dir, …dur, …dür, sessiz çeviri + duration of time or distance
in …içerisinde, …de, …da + duration of time
within …içerisinde, …de, …da + duration of time
inside …içerisinde, …de, …da + duration of time
between …arasında in the time separating
after ...dan sonra later than
before ...dan önce earlier than
until ...e kadar up to the point
by …e kadar, …e gelindiğinde no later than; at or before
since ...dan beri from a particular time in the past
in
ilişki > during
artists in Renaissance period
improvements in recent years
medicine in the Middle Ages
the number of countries in World War II
at
ilişki > a point in time
must come home at midnight
the meeting at 7 o'clock
at the end of 19th century
at the age of 70
on
çeviri > ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki, sessiz çeviri
ilişki > days
a meeting on Monday
to feel happy on sunny days
during
çeviri > …de, …da, …boyunca, …sırasında, ...esnasında
ilişki > only with ‘time’ expressions
during the annual meeting
during asthma attacks
during the last 3 years
during pregnancy
throughout
çeviri > …boyunca
ilişki > from the beginning to the end of
throughout the night
throughout the history of the country
hibernate throughout the winter
throughout the 19th century
for
çeviri > …dır, …dir, …dur, …dür, sessiz çeviri
ilişki > + duration of time or distance
for a long time
to sleep for 6 hours a day
for almost 500 years
for the past three decades
in
çeviri > …içerisinde, …de, …da

ilişki > + duration of time
within
çeviri >
inside
çeviri >
get ready in five minutes
to finish within two days
inside six years
I will be there in half an hour.
healed within a week
inside three days
between
ilişki > in the time separating
between 6 o’clock and 9 o’clock
between 3 and 6 months of pregnancy
after
çeviri > ...dan sonra
ilişki > later than
after the surgery
after the fall of the empire
before
çeviri > ...dan önce

ilişki > earlier than
before the 16th century
before his son’s birth
until
çeviri > ...e kadar
ilişki > up to the point
until 18th century
until the invention of wheel
by
çeviri > …e kadar, …e gelindiğinde
ilişki > no later than; at or before
by 2050
by the end of the month
since
çeviri > ...dan beri
ilişki > from a particular time in the past
since 1999
since the elections
List of Prepositions > direction
to …e, …a in the direction of
towards ...e doğru in the direction of
into …e, …a, …içine towards the inside of
onto …e, …a, …üstüne towards the surface of
through …içinden, …den, …dan from one end to the other
around ...etrafında in a circle
across karşıdan karşıya from one side to the other
along ...boyunca only with 'place' expressions
to
çeviri > …e, …a
ilişki > in the direction of
walk to the station
move to another city
migrate to warm places
return to his homeland
towards
çeviri > ...e doğru
ilişki > in the direction of
towards the south
towards the end of the film
into
çeviri > …e, …a, …içine
ilişki > towards the inside of
to dive into the sea
to flow into the ocean
onto
çeviri > …e, …a, …üstüne

ilişki > towards the surface of
put it onto the shelf
to load onto ships
through
çeviri > …içinden, …den, …dan
ilişki > from one end to the other
move through blood vessels
to walk through the forest
through the key hole
to drive through the red light
around
çeviri > ...etrafında

ilişki > in a circle
its orbit around the Earth
the civilizations around the Middle East
across
çeviri > karşıdan karşıya
ilişki > from one side to the other
to go across the road
fly across the Atlantic Ocean
along
çeviri > ...boyunca
ilişki > only with 'place' expressions
a romantic walk along the beach
climate along the equator
List of Prepositions > other relations
of ...ın, ...in, ...un, ...ün, sessiz çeviri isim tamlaması
for …için purpose
against ...e karşı opposing
by …tarafından, …nca passive voice
to (+ V1) …mek, …mek için infinitive (
about …hakkında, …ile ilgili on the subject of
from …den, …dan starting point, origin, cause
than ...den, ...dan, ...e göre karşılaştırma
without …sız, …siz, …olmasaydı not having, lacking (X with)
with …sı olan, …ya sahip, …lı, …li who has, which has, having
with …ile, ...ile birlikte company; together with
with ...ile using
through ...ile, ...vasıtasıyla using; by means of
by ...ile by a means of
by (+Ving) …erek, …arak (X without +Ving)
without (+Ving) …meden, …madan not doing sth (X by + Ving)
under ...nın altında abstract nouns
as …olarak in the role, status or function of
like … gibi similar to (benzetme) | example (örnek)
unlike ...nın aksine farklılık
despite ...e rağmen zıtlık
besides ...nın yanı sıra, ...ya ek olarak ekleme
of
çeviri > ...ın, ...in, ...un, ...ün, sessiz çeviri
ilişki > isim tamlaması
the result of the experiment
the speed of wind
the history of English literature
the fall of the Berlin Wall
the former president of Russia
the faculty of education
the problem of homelessness
for
çeviri > …için
ilişki > purpose
a message for you
suitable for young children
He was arrested for murder.
very difficult for researchers
against
çeviri > ...e karşı
ilişki > opposing
protection against infections
a declaration of war against Germany
the fight against global warming
by
çeviri > …tarafından, …nca

ilişki > passive voice
a book written by George Orwell
a painting by Van Gogh
It is caused by smoking.
to (+V1)
çeviri > …mek, …mek için
ilişki > infinitive
to learn to read
to achieve his goal
about
çeviri > …hakkında, …ile ilgili
ilişki > on the subject of
theories about the origin of life on Earth
to chat about the elections
optimistic about the future
from
çeviri > …den, …dan
ilişki > starting point, origin, cause
to benefit from solar energy
distant from the Earth
made from milk and sugar
threats from his competitors
suffer from a chronic disease
than
çeviri > ...den, ...dan, ...e göre
ilişki > karşılaştırma
taller than his father
better than the other candidates
more successful than I previously thought
less money than I expected
without
çeviri > …sız, …siz, …olmasaydı
ilişki > not having, lacking (X with)
an illness with a cure
cannot see without glasses
You look nice without make-up.
to win without much difficulty
with
çeviri > …sı olan, …ya sahip, …lı, …li
ilişki > who has, which has, having
a house with a large garden
a man with American accent
a woman with three kids
illnesses with fever
with
çeviri > …ile, ...ile birlikte

ilişki > company; together with
to live with his grandparents
with the invention of television
with
çeviri > ...ile
ilişki > using
treatment with antibiotics
to fix with a strong glue
through
çeviri > …ile, …vasıtasıyla

ilişki > using; by means of
to observe through a telescope
to lose weight through diet
by
çeviri > ...ile
ilişki > by a means of
to go to Ankara by plane
to go to Ankara by air
to pay by cheque
by (+Ving)
çeviri > …erek, …arak
ilişki > (X without +Ving)
to lose weight by exercising
by listening carefully
without (+Ving)
çeviri > …meden, …madan
ilişki > not doing sth (X by + Ving)
to drive without taking a break
without leaving any trace
under
çeviri > ...nın altında
ilişki > abstract nouns
under risk
under these conditions
as
çeviri > ...olarak
ilişki > in the role, status or function of
as an alternative to chemotherapy
to work as a nurse
like
çeviri > ...gibi
ilişki > similar to (benzetme) | example (örnek)
She looks like her aunt.
soft like silk
birds like eagle and falcon
unlike
çeviri > ...nın aksine
ilişki > farklılık
unlike the previous year
unlike his contemporaries
despite
çeviri > ...e rağmen
ilişki > zıtlık
despite his illness
despite constant control
besides
çeviri > ...nın yanı sıra, ...ya ek olarak

ilişki > ekleme
beside its many advantages
Besides being cheap, it is durable and effective.
List of Prepositions > adverbs
about yaklaşık … approximately
around yaklaşık … approximately
over …üzerinde, …dan fazla more than
under …nın altında, …dan az less than
up yukarı towards higher position
down aşağı towards lower position
away ...dan uzak, uzağa somewhere else
out dışarı away from the inside
off Belirli bir çevirisi yoktur. uzak / kopuk/ ayrık
about
çeviri > yaklaşık ...
ilişki > approximately
around
çeviri > yaklaşık ...
ilişki > approximately
about the same
about 7 kilograms
around 100 kilometres
around the same hour tomorrow
over
çeviri > …üzerinde, …dan fazla
ilişki > more than
children over the age of 12
a country with over 75 million people
under
çeviri > …nın altında, …dan az

ilişki > less than
prices under 100₺
to complete in under 30 seconds
up
çeviri > yukarı
ilişki > towards higher position
The prices have gone up recently.
Can you please stand up?
down
çeviri > aşağı
ilişki > towards lower position
lie down on the sofa
put the box down
away
çeviri > ...dan uzak, uzağa
ilişki > somewhere else
far away from his home
the thieves drove away
out
çeviri > dışarı
ilişki > away from the inside
take the garbage out
He is not here; he has gone out.
off
çeviri > Sabit bir çevirisi yoktur.

ilişki > uzak / kopuk/ ayrık
The thieves ran off.
to send off radiation
List of Prepositions > preposition-based list
of other ...ın, ...in, ...un, ...ün, sessiz çeviri isim tamlaması
a member of the European Union
the governments of many nations
the University of Harvard
in place ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki, ...nın içinde inside
in place ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki in a field
in time ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki during
in time …içerisinde, …de, …da (+ duration of time)
improvements in agriculture
everyday life in ancient times
researchers in 19th century
in just five days
planets in the solar system
workers in the factory
an increase in unemployment
a career in advertising
at place ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki a point in place, position, scale, order
at time ...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki a point in time
to be free at lunchtime
to wait at the airport
a new play at the theatre
Train will leave at 11 o’clock.
…de, …da, …deki, …daki, ....nın

on place touching the surface of
üzerinde
…de, …da, …deki, …daki, ....nın

on time days
üzerinde
open on Sundays
freshwater lakes on Earth
to lie on the beach
on 29th October, 1923
for time …dır, …dir, …dur, …dür, sessiz çeviri (+ duration of time or distance)
for other …için purpose
a present for you
a reward for successful students
to stay for 6 weeks
for the past two days
a medicine for headache
by time …e kadar, …e gelindiğinde no later than; at or before
by other …tarafından, …nca passive voice
by other ...ile by a means of
by (+Ving) other …erek, …arak (X without +Ving)
was discovered by 19th century scientists
an invasion by the Normans
to travel by road
was translated by a well-known author
by the end of the year
to travel by bus
by 1950
to succeed by working hard
by walking 5 km everyday
to direction …e, …a in the direction of
to (+ V1) other …mek, …mek için infinitive
to take necessary precautions
to understand clearly
give it to your brother
go to the theatre
from other …den, …dan starting point, origin, cause
five kilometres from the airport
people from Asian countries
inherit money from his uncle
about other …hakkında, …ile ilgili on the subject of
about adverb yaklaşık … approximately
about 5 hours
to complain about the noise
the book about the war in Middle East
about the same weight
with other …sı olan, …ya sahip, …lı, …li who has, which has, having
with other …ile, ...ile birlikte company; together with
with other ...ile using
to go to Paris with his friends
to sterilize with alcohol
animals with four legs
the border with Greece
patients with cancer
to cut with scissors
over place …üzerinde, …üzerinden, …üzerine higher position
over adverb …üzerinde, …dan fazla more than
It will cost over 50₺.
the sign over the door
over 40 percent of the population
to jump over the fence
under place ...altında lower position
under other ...nın altında abstract nouns
under adverb …nın altında, …dan az less than
under threat
organisms under water
under control
clean water under the ground
children under the age of 10
babies born under 2 kilograms
without other …sız, …siz, …olmasaydı not having, lacking (X with)
without (+Ving) other …meden, …madan not doing sth (X by + Ving)
to work without a break
to stay underwater without breathing
without listening to music
coffee without sugar
within place …içerisinde, …de, …da not further than an area
within time …içerisinde, …de, …da (+ duration of time)
deep research within the area
within three weeks
within the borders of this country
between place …arasında in the space separating
between time …arasında in the time separating
between 1960 and 1975
an agreement between the two countries
between Monday and Thursday
the difference between a star and a planet
among place …arasında as a part of; in the middle of
common among young adults
causes of death among women
along place …boyunca only with ‘place’ expressions
along direction ...boyunca only with 'place' expressions
coral reefs along the coast
traffic lights along the street
to drive along the road
trees along the river
…de, …da, …boyunca, …sırasında,

during time only with ‘time’ expressions
...esnasında
during the 19th century
during teenage years
throughout place …nın her yerinde in every part of it, everywhere in
throughout time …boyunca from the beginning to the end of
women throughout the world
throughout the weekend
throughout the history
to look for life throughout the universe
through direction …içinden, …den, …dan from one end to the other
through other …ile, …vasıtasıyla using; by means of
to communicate through telephone
go through the tunnel
escape through the window
succeeded through his family’s support
towards direction ...e doğru in the direction of
towards the north
towards the end of March
into direction …e, …a, …içine towards the inside of
onto direction …e, …a, …üstüne towards the surface of
put it onto the table
onto the trucks
to get into the room
to look into her eyes
against other ...e karşı opposing
to protect against enemies
the fight against racial discrimination
above place …üzerinde level
below place ...altında level
children below the age of 5
below the sea level
temperatures above zero
5,000 m above sea level
around direction ...etrafında in a circle
around adverb yaklaşık … approximately
around 2,000 BC
to revolve around the sun
to sit around the table
across direction karşıdan karşıya from one side to the other
the shop across the street
to swim across the Bosphorus
inside place …içerisinde, …de, …da in or into
inside time …içerisinde, …de, …da (+ duration of time)
outside place …dışında, …dışarısında not in
outside the building
inside four hours
the clothes inside the cupboard
outside my expertise
the furniture inside the room
beyond place …ötesinde further away
the area beyond those mountains
beyond the age of 90
near place …yanında close to
next to place …bitişiğinde very close to
beside place …yanında close to
a hotel near the airport
to sit beside an old woman in a bus
the bank next to the station
besides other ...nın yanı sıra, ...ya ek olarak ekleme
Besides being intelligent, he is handsome.
He was a poet besides being a military genius.
in front of place ...nın önünde in the front side of sth
behind place ...arkasında in the back side of sth
opposite place …karşısında facing
the coat behind the door
the main reason behind the failure
in front of computer screen
a house opposite the mosque
beneath place ...altında under
underneath place ...altında under
to hide beneath the leaves
presents underneath the Christmas tree
The mouse is underneath the fridge.
beneath the snow
after time ...dan sonra later than
before time ...dan önce earlier than
until time ...e kadar up to the point
since time ...dan beri from a particular time in the past
until the end of 17th century
since last week
since the accident
before the lesson
before World War II
after his father’s death
after the elections
until Friday
as other …olarak in the role, status or function of
It was used as a painkiller.
a part-time job as a cleaner
like other … gibi similar to (benzetme) | example (örnek)
unlike other ...nın aksine farklılık
unlike other animals
colours like blue and green
They look like twins.
unlike her mother
despite other ...e rağmen zıtlık
despite its many benefits
despite the increase in unemployment
up adverb yukarı towards higher position
down adverb aşağı towards lower position
The sales went up last week.
Can you please sit down?
don’t look down
put the plates up on the shelf
away adverb ...dan uzak, uzağa somewhere else
The couple next door moved away.
away from the city centre
off adverb Sabit bir çevirisi yoktur. uzak / kopuk/ ayrık
take off your coat
turn off the lights
out adverb dışarı away from the inside
go out with friends
It is very cold out, today.
than other ...den, ...dan, ...e göre karşılaştırma
busier than yesterday
more important than money
Preposition Recognition > introduction
Bu alıştırma, preposition'ların anlamlarını öğrenmeniz ve hızlı bir şekilde hatırlayabilmeniz için
hazırlanmıştır.
1. "…ile" hangisidir? 11. "…etrafında" hangisidir?
A) under B) by A) onto B) beside

C) to D) of C) around D) in
2. "…açısından, …bakımından" hangisidir? 12. "yaklaşık" hangisidir?
A) beyond B) throughout A) throughout B) behind

C) in D) near C) against D) around
3. "…den uzak, …den uzağa " hangisidir? 13. "…e, …a" hangisidir?
A) near B) underneath A) by B) about

C) against D) away from C) around D) at
4. "…de, …da" hangisidir? 14. "…içinden, …den, …dan" hangisidir?
A) during B) through A) through B) towards

C) among D) opposite C) of D) on
5. "…ile, …vasıtasıyla" hangisidir? 15. "…içerisinde, …boyunca, …dır, …dir"

hangisidir?
A) as B) through
C) towards D) beyond A) to B) over
C) from D) upon
6. "…sız, …siz, …olmasaydı" hangisidir?

16. "…altında" hangisidir?
A) to B) without
C) beside D) upon A) of all B) around
C) below D) per
7. "…altında, …dan az" hangisidir?

17. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki" hangisidir?
A) through B) near
C) under D) beside A) on B) throughout
C) opposite D) into
8. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir?

18. "karşıdan karşıya" hangisidir?
A) about B) onto
C) within D) in A) along B) within
C) next to D) across
9. "…e doğru" hangisidir?

19. "…dır, …dir, …dur, …dür" hangisidir?
A) towards B) beyond
C) outside D) in front of A) per B) from
C) upon D) for
10. "…e karşı" hangisidir?

20. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki " hangisidir?
A) against B) without
C) below D) over A) around B) near
C) from D) in
21. "…nın her yerinde" hangisidir? 32. "…e, …a" hangisidir?
A) under B) throughout A) between B) to
C) upon D) in C) around D) underneath
22. "…için" hangisidir? 33. "…dışında" hangisidir?
A) about B) for A) out of B) at

C) on D) at C) beside D) among
23. "…olarak" hangisidir? 34. "…üzerinde" hangisidir?

A) as B) inside A) around B) above
C) within D) behind C) in D) throughout
24. "…içerisinde, …de, …da" hangisidir? 35. "…ötesinde, …meyecek kadar" hangisidir?
A) within B) with A) beneath B) to

C) beneath D) onto C) beyond D) beside
25. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki" hangisidir? 36. "yaklaşık" hangisidir?
A) below B) with A) about B) without

C) by D) at C) be of D) beneath
26. "…boyunca" hangisidir? 37. "…üzerine, …hakkında" hangisidir?
A) among B) around A) across B) through

C) next to D) along C) by D) on
27. "…den, …dan" hangisidir? 38. "…e, …a, …üzerine., …üstüne" hangisidir?
A) for B) from A) towards B) on

C) with D) at C) across D) below
28. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir? 39. "…yanında " hangisidir?
A) throughout B) with A) between B) on

C) among D) into C) near D) from
29. "…ın, …in" hangisidir? 40. "…hakkında, …ile ilgili" hangisidir?
A) of B) at A) against B) away from

C) to D) over C) into D) about
30. "…erek, …arak" hangisidir? 41. "…boyunca" hangisidir?
A) at B) on A) beneath B) onto
C) out of D) by C) throughout D) at
31. "…mek, …mek için" hangisidir? 42. "…ile" hangisidir?
A) in B) with A) in front of B) under

C) to D) over C) with D) inside
43. "…arasında" hangisidir? 47. "…üzerinde, …dan fazla" hangisidir?
A) around B) beyond A) under B) near

C) next to D) between C) from D) over
44. "…e kadar, …e gelindiğinde" hangisidir? 48. "…sı olan, …ya sahip, …lı, …li" hangisidir?
A) on B) by A) with B) along
C) under D) into C) for D) in
45. "…karşısında" hangisidir? 49. "…arasında, …içinde" hangisidir?
A) out of B) next to A) among B) above

C) opposite D) beneath C) without D) outside
46. "…arkasında" hangisidir? 50. "…tarafından, …nca" hangisidir?

A) opposite B) underneath A) into B) with
C) behind D) inside C) by D) between
Preposition Recognition > homework
Bu alıştırma, preposition'ların anlamlarını öğrenmeniz ve hızlı bir şekilde hatırlayabilmeniz için
hazırlanmıştır.
1. "…e, …a" hangisidir? 11. "…yanında" hangisidir?
A) away from B) at A) outside B) beneath

C) for D) by C) beside D) of all
2. "…ın, …in" hangisidir? 12. "…dan itibaren" hangisidir?

A) over B) from A) from / onwards B) from / to
C) as D) of C) throughout D) away from
3. "…her yerinde" hangisidir? 13. "…dan …ya kadar" hangisidir?
A) as B) on A) from / on B) outside
C) over D) across C) from / until D) on
4. "…yanında " hangisidir? 14. "…üzerine, …hakkında" hangisidir?

A) above B) near A) through B) opposite
C) to D) as C) on D) without
5. "…ile, …vasıtasıyla" hangisidir? 15. "…içerisinde, …de, …da" hangisidir?
A) through B) away from A) within B) of

C) beyond D) along C) above D) beyond
6. "…ile, …vasıtasıyla" hangisidir? 16. "…tarafından, …nca" hangisidir?

A) as B) upon A) by B) between
C) along D) through C) at D) with
7. "…olarak" hangisidir? 17. "…mek, …mek için" hangisidir?
A) as B) throughout A) to B) in
C) onto D) inside C) over D) by
8. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki " hangisidir? 18. "…etrafında" hangisidir?

A) in B) from A) around B) within
C) around D) along C) across D) away from
9. "…e, …a, …üzerine., …üstüne" hangisidir? 19. "…yanında " hangisidir?
A) without B) on A) for B) above

C) across D) through C) through D) near
10. "…den sonra, …nın üzerine" hangisidir? 20. "…e, …a, …üzerine., …üstüne" hangisidir?
A) without B) under A) from B) across

C) throughout D) on C) during D) on
21. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir? 32. "…her yerinde" hangisidir?
A) about B) in A) as B) from
C) beyond D) on C) across D) beyond
22. "…tarafından, …nca" hangisidir? 33. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki" hangisidir?
A) in B) from A) in front of B) onto

C) under D) by C) at D) among
23. "…boyunca" hangisidir? 34. "yaklaşık" hangisidir?
A) throughout B) outside A) beneath B) opposite

C) among D) against C) about D) within
24. "…e, …a, …üstüne" hangisidir? 35. "… bitişiğinde" hangisidir?
A) next to B) onto A) in front of B) next to

C) as D) behind C) opposite D) towards
25. "…içinde, …de, …da" hangisidir? 36. "…ile" hangisidir?
A) inside B) above A) during B) with

C) outside D) during C) inside D) over
26. "…arasında" hangisidir? 37. "…dan …ya" hangisidir?

A) between B) against A) beyond B) from / to
C) across D) beyond C) per D) near
27. "…sı olan, …ya sahip, …lı, …li" hangisidir? 38. "…içinden, …den, …dan" hangisidir?
A) along B) per A) to B) through

C) with D) during C) into D) outside
28. "…üzerine, …hakkında" hangisidir? 39. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir?

A) beside B) by A) outside B) opposite
C) underneath D) on C) in D) of all
29. "…sız, …siz, …olmasaydı" hangisidir? 40. "…içerisinde, …boyunca, …dır, …dir"
hangisidir?
A) through B) without
C) of all D) in front of A) over B) upon
C) between D) below
30. "…dan …ya" hangisidir?

41. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki" hangisidir?
A) beneath B) from / to
C) per D) without A) on B) opposite
C) above D) as
31. "…ile" hangisidir?
A) of B) near
C) in front of D) with
42. "…nın her yerinde" hangisidir? 52. "…içinde, …de, …da" hangisidir?
A) into B) among A) during B) without

C) per D) throughout C) at D) inside
43. "…dan …ya kadar" hangisidir? 53. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir?
A) from / until B) from / on A) of B) between
C) along D) in C) into D) onto
44. "…açısından, …bakımından" hangisidir? 54. "…e, …a" hangisidir?
A) to B) in A) away from B) without

C) upon D) on C) at D) upon
45. "…boyunca" hangisidir? 55. "…e doğru" hangisidir?
A) along B) for A) towards B) beyond

C) about D) around C) without D) about
46. "…nın her yerinde" hangisidir? 56. "…dışında, …dışarısında" hangisidir?
A) beside B) under A) outside B) near

C) throughout D) per C) per D) along
47. "…den uzak, …den uzağa " hangisidir? 57. "yaklaşık" hangisidir?
A) away from B) of all A) behind B) next to

C) near D) against C) on D) around
48. "…ötesinde, …meyecek kadar" hangisidir? 58. "…altında " hangisidir?
A) over B) beyond A) of B) within

C) beneath D) between C) inside D) beneath
49. "…ötesinde, …meyecek kadar" hangisidir? 59. "…arasında, …içinde" hangisidir?
A) beside B) beyond A) throughout B) around

C) within D) with C) against D) among
50. "…üzerinde, …dan fazla" hangisidir? 60. "karşıdan karşıya" hangisidir?

A) over B) under A) onto B) for
C) between D) among C) opposite D) across
51. "… arasında, ...içinde" hangisidir?
A) during B) of all
C) to D) under
Preposition Block Translation > introduction
Bu alıştırmada preposition'ların oluşturdukları bloklar ve bunların çeviri sırası anlatılmaktadır.
1: by communicating with a server over a network 11: thirty meters beneath the surface of the Earth
connection TR:
TR:
12: research into the causes of schizophrenia in old

2: the cause of Alzheimer's disease people
TR: TR:
3: the wind at the seashore 13: upon domestication of the cow as a food animal
TR: TR:
4: over the last 5 years

14: his fight for democracy
TR:
TR:
5: the technological developments in the area of

15: a harmful effect on our quality of life in many areas
medicine
TR:
TR:
16: economic theories about the causes of

6: individuals under major stress for extended periods overproduction
of time TR:
TR:
17: the major problem for our environment

7: the voice on the answerphone TR:
TR:
18: lectures during my first year at university

8: the careful use of natural resources TR:
TR:
19: cultural movements at the end of 19th century

9: one of the reasons for the increase in unemployment TR:
in Greece
TR:
20: the effects of adverse weather condition on plane
crashes
10: the relation of body language to animal TR:
communication
TR:
Preposition Block Translation > homework
Bu alıştırmada preposition'ların oluşturdukları bloklar ve bunların çeviri sırası anlatılmaktadır.
1: the amount of carbohydrates in your body at any 15: the wall between East and West Berlin
time TR:
TR:
16: a claim of the possibility of universal symbols in

dreams
2: new opportunities for people of different countries
TR:
TR:
3: its harmful effects on our quality of life in main areas 17: one of the goals of green energy technology
TR: TR:
18: the common causes for an increase of pressure in

4: the alarming rate of increase in population the head
TR: TR:
5: the sudden increase in the number of books in the

library 19: well aware of present conditions of country
TR: TR:
20: the effects of global warming

6: below the surface of the earth TR:
TR:
21: to search for the robber throughout the city

7: between 40% - 75% of all species on the world's TR:
habitats
TR:
22: to go to Rome via Istanbul
TR:
8: the risk of heart disease
TR:
23: the views of scholars about the origins of Egyptian
civilization
9: a ride with a hot air balloon across the English TR:
Channel
TR:
24: general level of health in developed societies
TR:
10: under the control of a small number of very large
producers
TR: 25: serious effects of lack of vitamins and minerals on
brain development of young children
TR:
11: the cause of the disease
TR:
26: without learning about the history

12: a hospital in the surrounding area
TR:
TR:
27: a baby with an increased risk of high birth weight

13: one of the most famous philosophers in the world
TR:
TR:
28: a lack of education among the poorer sections of

14: available for rent at the beginning of March
society
TR:
TR:
29: one of the really dangerous side effects of radiation 35: the distance between sun and the Earth
for lung cancer TR:
TR:
36: with the growing crisis of obesity around the world
TR:
30: the average age of the population
TR:
37: continued research into protection for kids during
car accidents
31: risk factors for heart disease between middle-aged TR:
men and women
TR:
38: an interesting period in Egyptian history

TR:
32: a very high standard of living
TR:
39: the link between lung cancer and smoking
TR:
33: the negative impact of people on the environment
TR:
40: a very small rise in the average temperature of the
Earth's surface
34: around 33 percent of trash in the United States TR:
TR:
Preposition Block Test > introduction
Bu alıştırmada preposition'ların blok içerisindeki anlamları test edilmektedir.
1. the development ---- science ---- the world 9. protection ---- the types ---- cancer
A) of / in B) in / of A) of / against B) against / of
2. a big mistake ---- the history ---- the human 10. lack ---- education ---- the poorer sections of
race society
A) in / of B) of / in A) among / of B) of / among
3. an article ---- the causes ---- Alzheimer 11. to focus ---- the causes ---- the recent
financial crisis
A) of / about B) about / of
A) on / of B) of / on
4. advances ---- digital technology in the first

decade ---- the 21st century 12. the air quality ---- major cities ---- China
A) in / of B) of / in A) in / of B) of / in
5. great advances ---- the areas ---- mathematics 13. a decrease ---- calorie intake ---- a change in
diet
A) of / in B) in / of
A) through / in B) in / through
6. the changes ---- the climate of the world ----

long periods of time 14. ---- risk ---- starvation
A) over / in B) in / over A) at / of B) of / at
7. the discovery of the oil ---- the rich soil --- the 15. special treatment ---- patients ---- need of
region surgery
A) of / beneath B) beneath / of A) for / in B) in / for
8. ---- danger of putting the child's health ----

risk
A) in / at B) at / in
Preposition Block Test > homework
Bu alıştırmada preposition'ların blok içerisindeki anlamları test edilmektedir.
1. information ---- traveling ---- train across 12. quite different ---- the other planets ---- our
country Solar System
A) by / about B) about / by A) in / from B) from / in
2. an active role ---- the fight ---- woman's 13. the desert lizard ---- the sands ---- Egypt
suffering
A) beneath / of B) of / beneath
A) in / against B) against / in
14. a positive effect ---- women ---- breast cancer

3. ---- the study ---- animal behaviour
A) on / with B) with / on
A) through / of B) of / through
15. warning ---- the dangers ---- nuclear weapons

4. the sport ---- England ---- the end of the 19th
century A) against / of B) of / against
A) in / towards B) towards / in
16. ---- a committee ---- the government
5. a region ---- the nation ---- India A) by / within B) within / by
A) within / of B) of / within
17. many areas ---- the coast from Alaska ----
Northern Mexico
6. to move away ---- the Earth ---- a rate of about
3 A) along / to B) to / along
A) at / from B) from / at
18. a source of debate ---- vegetarians ---- years
7. newly discovered islands ---- deep water ---- A) among / for B) for / among
the coast of Brazil
A) in / off B) off / in 19. a growing number ---- terrorist attacks ---- the
world
8. dietary changes ---- a treatment ---- obesity A) of / around B) around / of
A) for / as B) as / for
20. estimates on the increase ---- population ---
-1880 and 1890
9. the war in Vietnam ---- the end ---- the decade
A) between / in B) in / between
A) towards / of B) of / towards
21. an increase in number ---- a rate of ---- 50

10. ---- the effects of human activity ---- the percent a year
environment
A) at / about B) about / at
A) about / on B) on / about
22. the importance ---- having friends ----

11. the problems ---- the product ---- arrival different cultures
A) with / upon B) upon / with A) of / from B) from / of
23. ---- the effect of the medication ---- children 27. some of the reasons ---- the recent changes --
-- the world temperature
A) about / on B) on / about
A) for / in B) in / for
24. the owner ---- the most expensive hotel ----

the area 28. to go ---- London ---- Rome
A) of / in B) in / of A) to / via B) via / to
25. scholars --- different countries ---- different 29. an increase ---- migrants ---- a geographical
periods of time area
A) from / at B) at / from A) of / in B) in / of
26. the children ---- 12 years ---- age 30. a powerful effect ---- many different areas ----
the body
A) of / under B) under / of
A) on / of B) of / on
Past Tenses
Bu ünitede past tense'lerin yazılışı, çevirisi ve kullanım yerleri anlatılmaktadır.
• Table of Past Tenses

• List of Irregular Verbs
• Form Recognition 1
• Meaning Recognition
• Tense Bağlaçları
• Example Sentences
• vs Questions
Table of Past Tenses > simple past
Olumlu Cümle Olumsuz Cümle
I made a mistake yesterday. I didn't make a mistake yesterday.
You made a mistake yesterday. You didn't make a mistake yesterday.
He made a mistake yesterday. He didn't make a mistake yesterday.
She made a mistake yesterday. She didn't make a mistake yesterday.
It made a mistake yesterday. It didn't make a mistake yesterday.
We made a mistake yesterday. We didn't make a mistake yesterday.
They made a mistake yesterday. They didn't make a mistake yesterday.
Kullanım
Geçmişte yaptığımız
eylemler
The prisoners escaped from the prison last night.
He left the town five days ago.
Saddam invaded Kuwait in the 1990s.
Sultan Mehmed conquered Istanbul in 1453.
I lost my keys last week, but I found them yesterday.
She bought her house three years ago.
Yuki stayed home because she caught a bad cold.
I grew up in a village.
Yesterday a fire broke out near my house.
I was late for work this morning.
Table of Past Tenses > simple past continuous
I was running at 7 o'clock this morning. I wasn't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
You were running at 7 o'clock this morning. You weren't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
He was running at 7 o'clock this morning. He wasn't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
She was running at 7 o'clock this morning. She wasn't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
It was running at 7 o'clock this morning. It wasn't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
We were running at 7 o'clock this morning. We weren't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
They were running at 7 o'clock this morning. They weren't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
Kullanım 1
Geçmişte belirli bir noktada
yapmakta olduğumuz
eylemler
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.
They were playing basketball all yesterday afternoon.
Last night at 6 pm, I was eating dinner.
Kullanım 2
Tense Bağlacı
WHEN
…dığı zaman, ..dığında, …
nca
When the accident happened, he was driving carelessly.
He was playing basketball when he broke his arm.
I was walking down the street when it began to rain.
When the earthquake occurred, Jack was sleeping in his room.
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
The smoke alarm went off when he lit a cigarette underneath it.
When she added more salt to the soup, it tasted much better.
When I was young, I wanted to be a bus driver.
I walked into the house when I heard the noise
When he got home, we started to eat dinner.
Kullanım 3
Tense Bağlacı
WHILE
…iken
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
While we are watching TV, the burglars stole all our jewellery.
John took a photograph of me while I wasn't looking.
James fell off the stairs yesterday while I was cooking dinner.
While she was studying, Talin was cooking her favourite dish.
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
While it was raining yesterday, we were swimming in the sea.
A burglar broke into your house while you were away on vacation.
While I read to my nephew, he fell asleep, so I covered him up and got out of the room.
John cooked dinner while I watched TV.
Table of Past Tenses > past perfect
I had done it. I hadn't done it.
You had done it. You hadn't done it.
He had done it. He hadn't done it.
She had done it. She hadn't done it.
It had done it. It hadn't done it.
We had done it. We hadn't done it.
They had done it. They hadn't done it.
Kullanım 1
Geçmişte belirli bir noktadan
daha önce gerçekleşen
eylemleri anlatır
They lost many of the games because they had not practiced enough.
She stayed up all night because she had received bad news.
I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.
My dog ripped my dress! I was so upset, I had just bought it!
Kullanım 2
Tense Bağlacı
BEFORE
…dan önce
Before he left the office, he had put all the secret documents in the safe.
Mary had read the book before she watched a film.
James brushed his teeth before he went to bed.
Before he went fishing, he dug up some worms for bait.
Lisa had established her company before 2008.
Before the race, the runners warmed up.
Kullanım 3
Tense Bağlacı
AFTER
…dan sonra
After we had left the party, we went to the cinema.
The boat sank almost immediately after it had struck the rock.
After she paid the bill, she placed the receipt in her wallet.
Jake felt better after he took an aspirin.
A few important facts emerged after the investigation.
After the earthquake, a fire broke out.
Kullanım 4
Tense Bağlacı
AS SOON AS
…er …mez
They restarted the tennis match as soon as the rain stopped.
Because Helen was uninterested in school, she dropped out of high school as soon as she turned sixteen.
As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.
I talked to the teacher as soon as he had entered the classroom.
Kullanım 5
Tense Bağlacı
ONCE
…dan sonra
Once the light came on, we all shouted with joy.
I went into the army once I graduated from college.
Once the guests had left, we cleaned the house.
She gave up eating meat once she had read a book about cruelty to animals.
Kullanım 6
Tense Bağlacı
WHEN
…dığı zaman, …dığında, …
nca
When I arrived home, my sister was washing the dishes.
I was cooking dinner when I remembered his name.
When the phone rang, I got up.
Her second-hand car was in excellent condition when she bought it.
The bus had already left when Mia arrived at the bus stop.
When the police arrived the scene, the burglars had disappeared.
Kullanım 7
Tense Bağlacı
UNTIL
…e kadar
Until he came back, his wife stayed at home.
He worked until he was too tired to continue.
He decided to say nothing until everyone else had given their opinions.
Until he had read it carefully, he didn’t sign the paper.
She hadn't realized her talent until she sang in the school concert.
Until you mentioned it, I hadn't noticed he got a haircut.
Until last week, James had never played football.
We had stayed in the exam room until the end of the exam.
Kullanım 8
Tense Bağlacı
BY THE TIME
...e kadar
He had already died by the time the ambulance took him to the hospital.
By the time the firefighters arrived, the building had already burnt down.
Kullanım 9
by + zaman
...e kadar, ...e gelindiğinde
By two o’clock, he had finished most of the work.
They had already finished the project by the end of the week.
Table of Past Tenses > present perfect continuous
I have been running for an hour. I haven't been running for an hour.
You have been running for an hour. You haven't been running for an hour.
He has been running for an hour. He hasn't been running for an hour.
She has been running for an hour. She hasn't been running for an hour.
It has been running for an hour. It hasn't been running for an hour.
We have been running for an hour. We haven't been running for an hour.
They have been running for an hour. They haven't been running for an hour.
Kullanım 1
Geçmişte başlayıp hala
devam etmekte olan eylemler
Jane has been living in Liverpool all her life.
The workers have been repairing the bridge for weeks, but they haven’t finished yet.
Kullanım 2
Geçmişte başlayıp kısa süre
önce bitmiş ve etkisi hala
devam eden eylemler
We have been driving along muddy roads and now the car is dirty.
Lisa is tired. She has been washing the dishes.
My eyes are aching because I have been working on the computer for ten hours.
Kullanım 3
for + zaman dilimi
We have been walking for hours! Let’s have a rest.
My father has been smoking for years, but he is considering quitting.
I have been sitting here for two hours.
Kullanım 4
Tense Bağlacı
SINCE
…den beri, …den bu yana
I have been taking medicine for my cold since Thursday.
She has been living in the same house since she was born.
Since we moved out of the village, my parents have been wanting to live in a big house.
List of Irregular Verbs > List
V1 V2 V3 TR
arise arose arisen ortaya çıkmak, doğmak
be [am | is | are] was | were been olmak
bear bore borne taşımak, doğurmak
beat beat beaten yenmek, dövmek
become became become olmak
begin began begun başlamak
bend bent bent bükmek
bet bet bet bahse girmek
bid bid bid fiyat teklif etmek
bind bound bound bağlamak
bite bit bitten ısırmak
bleed bled bled kanamak
blow blew blown üflemek, esmek
break broke broken kırmak
breed bred bred beslemek
bring brought brought getirmek
build built built inşa etmek
burn burned | burnt burned | burnt yanmak
burst burst burst patlamak
buy bought bought satın almak
cast cast cast fırlatmak
catch caught caught yakalamak
choose chose chosen seçmek
cling clung clung tutunmak, yapışmak
come came come gelmek
cost cost cost mâl olmak
creep crept crept sürünmek
cut cut cut kesmek
deal dealt dealt ile ilgilenmek, baş etmek
dig dug dug kazmak
do did done yapmak
draw drew drawn çizmek, çekmek
dream dreamed | dreamt dreamed | dreamt hayal etmek
drink drank drunk içmek
drive drove driven sürmek, itmek
dwell dwelt dwelt ikamet etmek
eat ate eaten yemek
fall fell fallen düşmek
feed fed fed beslemek
feel felt felt hissetmek
fight fought fought savaşmak
find found found bulmak
flee fled fled kaçmak
fly flew flown uçmak
forbid forbade forbidden yasaklamak
forget forgot forgotten | forgot unutmak
forgive forgave forgiven affetmek
freeze froze frozen donmak, dondurmak
get got got elde etmek
give gave given vermek
go went gone gitmek
grind ground ground öğütmek
grow grew grown büyümek
hang hung hung asmak
have had had sahip olmak
hear heard heard duymak
hide hid hidden saklamak
hit hit hit vurmak
hold held held tutmak
hurt hurt hurt yaralamak, incitmek
keep kept kept tutmak
kneel knelt knelt diz çökmek
know knew known bilmek
lay laid laid koymak
lead led led yol açmak
learn learned | learnt learned | learnt öğrenmek
leave left left terk etmek
lend lent lent ödünç vermek
let let let izin vermek
lie lay lain uzanmak
light lit lit yakmak
lose lost lost kaybetmek
make made made yapmak
mean meant meant …anlamına gelmek
meet met met buluşmak, karşılaşmak
mistake mistook mistaken yanılmak, karıştırmak
overcome overcame overcome üstesinden gelmek
pay paid paid ödemek
prove proved proved | proven kanıtlamak
put put put koymak
quit quit quit çıkmak, bırakmak
read read read okumak
rid rid rid kurtulmak
ride rode ridden sürmek
ring rang rung çalmak
rise rose risen yükselmek
run ran run koşmak
saw sawed sawn kesmek (testere)
say said said söylemek
see saw seen görmek
seek sought sought istemek
sell sold sold satmak
send sent sent göndermek
set set set koymak, ayarlamak
sew sewed sewn dikiş dikmek
shake shook shaken sallamak
shed shed shed dökmek
shine shone shone parlamak
shoot shot shot vurmak
show showed shown göstermek
shrink shrank shrunk küçülmek, çekmek
shut shut shut kapatmak
sing sang sung (şarkı) söylemek
sink sank sunk batmak
sit sat sun oturmak
sleep slept slept uyumak
slide slid slid kaymak
smell smelled | smelt smelled | smelt kokmak, koklamak
speak spoke spoken konuşmak
speed sped sped hızlanmak
spend spent spent harcamak
spin spun spun dönmek
spit spat spat tükürmek
split split split ayırmak
spread spread spread yaymak
spring sprang sprung ortaya çıkmak
stand stood stood dikilmek
steal stole stolen çalmak
stick stuck stuck yapışmak
sting stung stung sokmak
stink stank stunk kokmak
stride strode stridden yürüyerek geçmek
strike struck struck çarpmak
strive strove striven çabalamak
swear swore sworn yemin etmek, küfretmek
sweep swept swept süpürmek, yok etmek
swell swelled swollen şişmek
swim swam swum yüzmek
swing swung swung sallanmak
take took taken almak
teach taught taught öğretmek
tear tore torn yırtmak
tell told told söylemek
think thought thought düşünmek
throw threw thrown atmak
thrust thrust thrust itmek
undergo underwent undergone maruz kalmak, geçirmek
understand understood understood anlamak
undertake undertook undertaken üzerine almak
wake woke woken uyanmak
wear wore worn giymek
wet wet wet ıslatmak
win won won kazanmak
wind wound wound sarmak, dolamak
withdraw withdrew withdrawn geri çekmek, çekilmek
write wrote written yazmak
Form Recognition 1 > introduction
Bu alıştırma past tense'leri form olarak daha kolay tanıyabilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir?
A) had been tricking A) wasn't distinguishing

B) was forming B) hadn't taken off
C) divided into C) didn't domesticate
D) hadn't tasted D) had been falsifying
2. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir? 9. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) wasn't hibernating A) was carrying away
B) didn't endow B) taped
C) hadn't brought forward C) had put aside
D) had been assisting D) hadn't been coding
3. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 10. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) didn't underestimate A) had done well
B) had been establishing B) had been immigrating
C) had tricked C) were spotting
D) were familiarizing D) didn't book
4. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 11. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) were brainstorming A) was watching

B) had discussed B) threw up
C) didn't reflect C) had been looking forward to
D) had been disturbing D) hadn't manifested
5. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 12. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir?
A) refuted A) were accumulating

B) weren't detesting B) had curtailed
C) had been getting along with C) had been oversleeping
D) hadn't commuted D) didn't massage
6. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir? 13. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) weren't bursting in A) were supporting

B) fortified B) recreated
C) hadn't refuted C) had challenged
D) had been staying away D) hadn't been absorbing
7. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 14. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?

A) evaluated A) looked after
B) hadn't been committing B) hadn't been spreading
C) hadn't sprayed C) hadn't done without
D) were bringing forward D) weren't frowning
15. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 18. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) hadn't been escalating A) had formed

B) drifted B) were arousing
C) hadn't allowed for C) made sure
D) were exhausting D) hadn't been taking over
16. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 19. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir?
A) didn't protect A) were surprising

B) had been associating B) hadn't fallen asleep
C) weren't accommodating C) hadn't been causing
D) hadn't prospered D) signified
17. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 20. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) had been depreciating A) didn't dry

B) had traded B) were bringing about
C) were generating C) had dealt
D) conversed D) had been springing
Form Recognition 1 > homework
A) had distracted A) hadn't plotted

B) had been dying out B) didn't follow up
C) weren't preceding C) had been arising
D) combined D) were filling in
A) had archived A) had been frustrating

B) had been colonizing B) weren't knocking
C) was tempting C) planed
D) didn't expend D) hadn't loaded
A) had leaked A) had burst into
B) hadn't been glancing B) had been consenting
C) was irrigating C) wasn't distinguishing
D) didn't vomit D) didn't honour
4. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 11. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) hadn't been endorsing A) were stealing
B) had arranged B) thrilled
C) wasn't modelling C) had dismissed
D) disrupted D) hadn't been encouraging
A) hadn't been contaminating A) legalized

B) paid off B) had been immigrating
C) had worsened C) were advocating
D) was forming D) had compared
A) hogged A) tried
B) had been recreating B) had been bringing forth
C) had filled in C) were consisting of
D) was sliding D) had resulted from
7. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 14. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?
A) wasn't disposing A) had withstood

B) shrank B) had been agreeing
C) had exploded C) didn't punch
D) had been imagining D) were reddening
A) had been admiring A) hadn't been inhaling
B) didn't blackmail B) were siting
C) had pulled down C) defeated
D) was walking D) had expected
16. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 24. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?
A) hadn't been mirroring A) had been bruising

B) had striven B) had stared
C) were laying off C) wasn't attributing
D) strode D) assumed
17. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 25. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) contained A) were recognizing

B) was switching off B) forged
C) hadn't been setting forward C) had got off
D) had agreed D) hadn't been hiring
18. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 26. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) were pretending A) blamed

B) didn't flush B) had extorted
C) had reviewed C) had been gliding
D) hadn't been penetrating D) wasn't hastening
A) wiped out A) were blackmailing
B) had been removing B) had added
C) was appreciating C) had been vaccinating
D) hadn't announced D) blushed
20. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 28. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) were dismaying A) was cleaning up
B) had taken advantage of B) didn't grant
C) dried up C) had transported
D) hadn't been evaluating D) had been stapling
A) stemmed A) weren't talking

B) wasn't looking up B) had been inspecting
C) had dismantled C) had smiled
D) had been mixing D) sawed
A) had engaged A) had put out

B) was backfiring B) had been strangling
C) had been keeping in mind C) was operating
D) exported D) composed
31. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 36. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?
A) had flooded A) had activated

B) had been floating B) was dismissing
C) was marrying C) faced
D) stirred up D) had been consuming
32. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 37. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) wasn't costing A) got in touch with

B) had steered B) had been keeping up with
C) had been risking C) hadn't tripped
D) wished D) were penetrating
A) were invading A) had been mastering
B) benefited B) undertook
C) had harmed C) had thought out
D) had been falling D) were liking
34. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 39. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?
A) were mounting A) had been preventing
B) had explained B) didn't select
C) had been answering C) hadn't raced
D) didn't highlight D) were roaming
35. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir? 40. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir?
A) had proliferated A) weren't inspiring

B) had been preying B) had documented
C) were keeping to C) didn't perform
D) lasted D) had been polishing
1. "had thrown out" hangi tense'dir? 8. "brought on" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) past perfect continuous

B) past perfect continuous B) simple past continuous
C) past perfect C) simple past
D) simple past D) past perfect
2. "had blackmailed" hangi tense'dir? 9. "were gluing" hangi tense'dir?

A) past perfect continuous A) simple past continuous
B) simple past B) simple past
C) past perfect C) past perfect
D) simple past continuous D) past perfect continuous
3. "had been calculating" hangi tense'dir? 10. "didn't narrate" hangi tense'dir?
B) past perfect B) simple past
C) simple past continuous C) past perfect
D) simple past D) past perfect continuous
4. "explored" hangi tense'dir? 11. "were deciding" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) simple past

B) simple past continuous B) past perfect
C) past perfect C) past perfect continuous
D) past perfect continuous D) simple past continuous
5. "published" hangi tense'dir? 12. "hadn't been glimpsing" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect A) simple past continuous

B) simple past B) past perfect continuous
C) past perfect continuous C) simple past
D) simple past continuous D) past perfect
6. "wasn't roaring" hangi tense'dir? 13. "had ventured" hangi tense'dir?

C) simple past continuous C) past perfect
D) past perfect D) simple past
7. "was collaborating" hangi tense'dir? 14. "were surviving" hangi tense'dir?

A) simple past A) simple past continuous
B) past perfect B) past perfect
C) simple past continuous C) past perfect continuous
D) past perfect continuous D) simple past
15. "had yelled" hangi tense'dir? 18. "hadn't been driving" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) past perfect

C) past perfect C) simple past continuous
D) simple past continuous D) simple past
16. "had been loading" hangi tense'dir? 19. "kidnaped" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) past perfect continuous

B) past perfect continuous B) simple past
C) past perfect C) simple past continuous
D) simple past continuous D) past perfect
17. "had been revising" hangi tense'dir? 20. "had got by" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple past continuous B) past perfect continuous
C) simple past C) simple past
D) past perfect D) simple past continuous
1. "had been fracturing" hangi tense'dir? 8. "turned into" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect A) past perfect continuous

B) simple past continuous B) simple past continuous
2. "weren't tagging" hangi tense'dir? 9. "was pulling down" hangi tense'dir?

3. "had looked forward to" hangi tense'dir? 10. "wasn't affording" hangi tense'dir?
4. "had been subtracting" hangi tense'dir? 11. "wasn't allowing" hangi tense'dir?
B) simple past B) simple past continuous
5. "hadn't been dismaying" hangi tense'dir? 12. "had been cracking" hangi tense'dir?

B) past perfect B) simple past continuous
D) simple past D) simple past
6. "didn't weave" hangi tense'dir? 13. "had gone up" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) simple past continuous

B) past perfect B) past perfect continuous
7. "hadn't been exhaling" hangi tense'dir? 14. "hadn't loaded" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) past perfect

B) past perfect B) past perfect continuous
D) simple past continuous D) simple past continuous
15. "hadn't shed" hangi tense'dir? 23. "had been dividing" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) past perfect continuous
C) simple past C) past perfect
D) simple past continuous D) simple past continuous
16. "was thrusting" hangi tense'dir? 24. "had been going" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) simple past

B) simple past B) past perfect
C) simple past continuous C) simple past continuous
D) past perfect D) past perfect continuous
17. "didn't warm" hangi tense'dir? 25. "had coped with" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) past perfect continuous

B) past perfect continuous B) simple past
D) past perfect D) past perfect
18. "didn't glimpse" hangi tense'dir? 26. "hadn't loosened" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) past perfect

D) past perfect D) simple past
19. "had been driving away" hangi tense'dir? 27. "was triggering" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) past perfect
20. "had warned" hangi tense'dir? 28. "rotated" hangi tense'dir?

A) simple past continuous A) past perfect continuous
21. "thought out" hangi tense'dir? 29. "was turning on" hangi tense'dir?

C) past perfect continuous C) simple past continuous
D) simple past continuous D) past perfect continuous
22. "hadn't related" hangi tense'dir? 30. "was destroying" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple past continuous B) simple past continuous
C) past perfect continuous C) past perfect
D) past perfect D) past perfect continuous
31. "had been auctioning" hangi tense'dir? 36. "had been counting" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) simple past

B) past perfect continuous B) past perfect
C) simple past C) past perfect continuous
32. "didn't harm" hangi tense'dir? 37. "hibernated" hangi tense'dir?

D) past perfect continuous D) past perfect continuous
33. "didn't print" hangi tense'dir? 38. "weren't volunteering" hangi tense'dir?
C) past perfect continuous C) past perfect
D) simple past D) past perfect continuous
34. "compromised" hangi tense'dir? 39. "had judged" hangi tense'dir?

A) past perfect continuous A) simple past
B) simple past B) simple past continuous
35. "was lying" hangi tense'dir? 40. "had blasted" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple past B) past perfect
Meaning Recognition > introduction
Bu alıştırma past tense'lerin çevirisini pekiştirebilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. "had been telling" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "weren't faking" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) söylüyordu A) numara yapmıyordu

B) söyledi B) numara yapmadı
C) söylemiş durumdaydı C) numara yapmamış durumdaydı
2. "dug" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "had been watering" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) kazdı A) suluyordu
B) kazıyordu B) suladı
C) kazmış durumdaydı C) sulamış durumdaydı
3. "had reached" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "didn't unite" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ulaşmış durumdaydı A) birleşmiyordu

B) ulaştı B) birleşmedi
C) ulaşıyordu C) birleşmemiş durumdaydı
4. "had been preventing" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "created" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) önledi A) yaratıyordu
B) önlüyordu B) yarattı
C) önlemiş durumdaydı C) yaratmış durumdaydı
5. "had read" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "hadn't stolen" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) okudu A) çalmadı
B) okuyordu B) çalmamış durumdaydı
C) okumuş durumdaydı C) çalmıyordu
6. "was influencing" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "turned up" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) etkiledi A) ortaya çıkıyordu
B) etkilemiş durumdaydı B) ortaya çıktı
C) etkiliyordu C) ortaya çıkmış durumdaydı
7. "had been cheating" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "had been portraying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) hile yaptı A) resmetti

B) hile yapmış durumdaydı B) resmediyordu
C) hile yapıyordu C) resmetmiş durumdaydı
8. "hadn't undertaken" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "stole" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) üstlenmedi A) çaldı
B) üstlenmiyordu B) çalmıyordu
C) üstlenmemiş durumdaydı C) çalmamış durumdaydı
9. "were separating" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "had written" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ayırdı A) yazıyordu
B) ayırıyordu B) yazmış durumdaydı
C) ayırmış durumdaydı C) yazdı
19. "was following" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "was killing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) takip ediyordu A) öldürmüş durumdaydı

B) takip etmiş durumdaydı B) öldürdü
C) takip etti C) öldürüyordu
Meaning Recognition > homework
Bu alıştırma past tense'lerin çevirisini pekiştirebilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. "had suspected" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "was encouraging" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) şüphelenmiş durumdaydı A) cesaretlendirdi

B) şüphelendi B) cesaretlendiriyordu
C) şüpheleniyordu C) cesaretlendirmiş durumdaydı
2. "were cutting down" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "froze" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kesmiş durumdaydı A) donuyordu

B) kesti B) dondu
C) kesiyordu C) donmuş durumdaydı
3. "didn't improve" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "had been applying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gelişmedi A) başvurdu
B) gelişmiyordu B) başvuruyordu
C) gelişmemiş durumdaydı C) başvurmuş durumdaydı
4. "was joking" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "were curing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) şaka yapıyordu A) tedavi etti

B) şaka yaptı B) tedavi ediyordu
C) şaka yapmış durumdaydı C) tedavi etmiş durumdaydı
5. "had balanced" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "had withdrawn" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dengelemiş durumdaydı A) geri çekildi

B) dengeledi B) geri çekiliyordu
C) dengeliyordu C) geri çekilmiş durumdaydı
6. "undid" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "had been swinging" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) çözdü A) sallanıyordu
B) çözüyordu B) sallandı
C) çözmüş durumdaydı C) sallanmış durumdaydı
7. "hid" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "expired" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) saklıyordu A) süresi doldu
B) saklamış durumdaydı B) süresi doluyordu
C) sakladı C) süresi dolmuş durumdaydı
8. "had been contesting" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "had been wiping" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yarıştı A) sildi
B) yarışıyordu B) siliyordu
C) yarışmış durumdaydı C) silmiş durumdaydı
9. "had been managing" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "were laying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yönetti A) koydu
B) yönetmiş durumdaydı B) koyuyordu
C) yönetiyordu C) koymuş durumdaydı
19. "didn't perspire" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "inscribed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) terlememiş durumdaydı A) yazdı
B) terlemiyordu B) yazıyordu
C) terlemedi C) yazmış durumdaydı
20. "was rewarding" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "had been putting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ödül veriyordu A) koyuyordu

B) ödül verdi B) koydu
C) ödül vermiş durumdaydı C) koymuş durumdaydı
21. "weren't coming" çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "had narrated" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gelmemiş durumdaydı A) anlatmış durumdaydı

B) gelmedi B) anlattı
C) gelmiyordu C) anlatıyordu
22. "had been disturbing" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "had controlled" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) rahatsız ediyordu A) kontrol etmiş durumdaydı
B) rahatsız etti B) kontrol etti
C) rahatsız etmiş durumdaydı C) kontrol ediyordu
23. "were inventing" çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "had focused" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) icat etti A) odaklamış durumdaydı

B) icat ediyordu B) odakladı
C) icat etmiş durumdaydı C) odaklıyordu
24. "had been communicating" çevirisi 33. "didn't bring" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) getirmiyordu
A) iletişim kurdu B) getirmedi
B) iletişim kuruyordu C) getirmemiş durumdaydı
C) iletişim kurmuş durumdaydı
34. "were connecting" çevirisi hangisidir?

25. "had overslept" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bağlantı kuruyordu
A) uyuyakaldı B) bağlantı kurdu
B) uyuyakaldı C) bağlantı kurmuş durumdaydı
C) uyuyakalmış durumdaydı
35. "acclaimed" çevirisi hangisidir?

26. "had been watching" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) alkışlıyordu
A) izledi B) alkışlamış durumdaydı
B) izlemiş durumdaydı C) alkışladı
C) izliyordu
36. "had formed" çevirisi hangisidir?

27. "had communicated" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) oluşturmuş durumdaydı
A) iletişim kurdu B) oluşturdu
B) iletişim kurmuş durumdaydı C) oluşturuyordu
C) iletişim kuruyordu
37. "hadn't been causing" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "was spying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sebep olmadı A) casusluk yaptı

B) sebep olmuyordu B) casusluk yapıyordu
C) sebep olmamış durumdaydı C) casusluk yapmış durumdaydı
38. "swung" çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "had sent" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sallanıyordu A) gönderdi
B) sallanmış durumdaydı B) gönderiyordu
C) sallandı C) göndermiş durumdaydı
Tense Bağlaçları > List
Bu listede tense'lerle ilişkisi olan bağlaçlar listelenmiştir.
after : ...dan sonra (+SVO)
Two days after he bought the new suit, the prices went
up twenty percent.
After Fred had spent his holiday in Italy, he wanted to

learn Italian.
after : ..dan sonra (+phrase)
They came up with a plan after a long discussion.
Over 2,000 people died in Pompeii after the eruption of

Mount Vesuvius.
before : ...dan önce (+SVO)
They defused the bomb before it blew up.
The long distance runner had been running 2 km a day

before he broke her leg.
before : ..dan önce (+phrase)
Before 2000, there had been less than a thousand kite

surfers worldwide.
Many tourists had visited that castle before the

restoration.
when : ...dığı zaman, ...dığında (+SVO)
When air travel started in the twentieth century, it was

very expensive.
Luckily, the glass didn't break when I dropped it.
while : ...iken (+SVO)
While she was sleeping, thieves broke in and stole her

handbag.
I was studying while everybody at home was sleeping.
until : ...e kadar (+SVO)
They remained married until he died.
I held her hands firmly until she calmed down.
until : ...e kadar (+phrase)
He remained in power until his death in 1980.
Switzerland did not join the United Nations until 2002.
by the time : ...e kadar (+SVO)
By the time I got to the station the train had already

gone.
The phone was ringing, but by the time she got indoors,
it had stopped.
by : ...e kadar (+phrase)
By the end of World War II, the team had played 30,000
games.
By 1955, half of all American homes had already bought

a television set.
Example Sentences > introduction
Bu alıştırmada tüm past tense'lere örnek olabilecek cümleler ve çevirileri anlatılmaktadır.
1: A major storm had been building over the western 7: Nurses treated patients in temporary beds while they
half of the United States for days. were doing their best in an emergency.
TR: TR:
2: Until the twentieth century, much African literature 8: Organizers had finished preparations by the time the
had been oral. guests arrived.
TR: TR:
3: Spain legalized same-sex marriage in 2005. 9: While rescue workers were trying to get them out,
TR: another unexpected avalanche came and wiped them
out.
TR:
4: She was complaining about all the violence on
television.
TR:
10: Many tourists had visited that castle before the

5: In Iran, thousands of children served as soldiers in restoration.
the war against Iraq during the 1980s. TR:
TR:
6: He had been stealing from the company for five

years when he got caught.
TR:
Example Sentences > homework
Bu alıştırmada tüm past tense'lere örnek olabilecek cümleler ve çevirileri anlatılmaktadır.
1: By the time British Empire left India in 1947, ten 10: By the time the last Pleistocene ice age started, all
million people had starved to death. major continents had moved into their present
TR: positions.
TR:
2: After the flight attendants had completed the safety

demonstration, the plane took off.
TR: 11: When atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki in Japan, watches were showing 10:10 AM.
TR:
3: By the time Mozart was at the age of six, he was an

excellent pianist and violinist.
TR: 12: When automobiles first hit the roads, pharmacies
were the chief suppliers of gas.
TR:
4: When air travel started in the twentieth century, it

was very expensive.
TR: 13: In the 1920s, most Armenians had lived in rural
areas and worked as farmers or herders.
TR:
5: Over fifteen million people emigrated to the United

States during the 19th century.
TR:
14: By the end of the battle, the Mexican army had lost
over 1000 soldiers.
TR:
6: The story of Earth’s volcanoes began more than 4

billion years ago while the planet was forming.
TR: 15: The Incas worshipped the sun.
TR:
16: While the zookeeper was feeding the lions, the

7: Up until the stock market crashed, property prices gorillas escaped from their cages.
had been rising steadily. TR:
TR:
17: NASA had been conducting experiments on the

8: When Shakespeare was writing, a number of surface of the moon for six years.
theatres rivalled for public attention. TR:
TR:
18: The World Trade centre towers collapsed on 11

9: Neil Armstrong had earned his flight certificate September 2001.
before he earned his driver's license. TR:
TR:
19: In the year 2001-2002, gun crime increased in

Britain by 35%.
TR:
20: During the Middle Ages, European merchants were
looking for new routes to Asia.
TR:
vs Questions > introduction
Bu alıştırmada past tense'ler karşılaştırmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. The boy's last entry in his diary stated that 6. Before that day in winter, the African boy ----
he ---- someone ---- him. snow in his life.
A) thought / was watching A) never saw

B) was thinking / watched B) had never seen
2. Julian ---- the house when he fell off the 7. When I arrived, it was clear that she ----,
ladder. because there were papers all over the floor
and books everywhere.
A) was painting
B) had been painting A) had been working
B) had worked
3. It ---- cloudy for days before it finally ---- to

rain. 8. The family ---- a television program when the
burglar ---- into the house.
A) had been / began
B) was / had begun A) was watching / broke
B) watched / was breaking
4. She ---- there for 30 years until she ----.

9. Before we ---- in the playground, we had
A) worked / had retired done our homework.
B) had worked / retired
A) played
B) were playing
5. She was exhausted because she ---- since
eight o'clock that morning.
10. Nathan ---- just ---- at home when it started
A) had been working raining.
B) was working
A) had / arrived
B) was / arriving
vs Questions > homework
Bu alıştırmada past tense'ler karşılaştırmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. Two turtles ---- slowly the dusty road when 10. They didn't want to go swimming yesterday
we ----. because they ---- swimming the day before.
A) were crossing / passed by A) had gone

B) crossed / were passing by B) went
2. Our neighbours ---- many French lessons by 11. As the fire broke out, people ---- out of their
the time they ---- to France. house.
A) had taken / moved A) hurried
B) took / had moved B) had hurried
3. Jack ---- all the pie before we got back. 12. I ---- Jacob for several years, but I ---- him
immediately.
A) had eaten
B) had been eating A) didn't see / had recognized
B) hadn't seen / recognized
4. John ---- in Paris for 4 years before he could

speak French fluently. 13. When my computer suddenly ----, I noticed
that I ---- to save the document in advance.
A) had been living
B) was living A) had crashed / forgot
B) crashed / had forgotten
5. As he ---- by the sunny window, the novelist -

--- quickly the first chapter of his new book. 14. The war ---- on for two years when John
joined the army.
A) sat / was writing
B) was sitting / wrote A) had been going
B) had gone
6. The patient ---- before the doctor ----.

15. My brother ---- that his shirt was dirty until
A) had died / arrived after dinner.
B) died / had arrived
A) didn't realize
B) hadn't realized
7. On her first day at the driving school, we ----
very nervous because we ---- a car before.
16. We never ---- before her family moved to the
A) were / hadn't driven mountains.
B) had been / didn't drive
A) were skiing
B) had been skiing
8. They were pleased to arrive, because they ----
for 12 hours.
17. When we ---- home, we discovered that water
A) had been travelling ---- the walls.
B) had travelled
A) reached / was running down
B) were reaching / ran down
9. When I walked into the room, everyone ----.
A) was working 18. At the time, I ---- to music on my iPod, so I --

B) worked -- the fire alarm.
A) had been listening / hadn't heard

B) was listening / didn't hear
19. I ---- a beautiful dream when the alarm clock 20. By the time the fire fighters ----, the fire ----
----. many houses and cars.
A) was having / rang A) had arrived / destroyed

B) had / was ringing B) arrived / had destroyed
Present Tenses
Bu ünitede present tense'lerin yazılışı, çevirisi ve kullanım yerleri anlatılmaktadır.
• Table of Present Tenses

• Since vs For
• vs Questions
Table of Present Tenses > simple present
I run every day. I don't run every day.
You run every day. You don't run every day.
He runs every day. He doesn't run every day.
She runs every day. She doesn't run every day.
It runs every day. It doesn't run every day.
We run every day. We don't run every day.
They run every day. They don't run every day.
Kullanım 1
Doğa kanunları, genel geçer
gerçekler
The average person falls asleep in seven minutes.
Our noses and ears grow bigger with age.
The world revolves around the sun.
Plants need water and sunlight.
Kullanım 2
Genelde yaptığımız işler,
alışkanlıklar
We wear traditional dress on holidays.
Sam usually drinks coffee in the morning.
Sandra rarely carries an umbrella.
During the holidays, we always make special meals.
Alışkanlıklarımızdan, genelde yaptığımız işlerden bahsederken sıklık zarfları (frequency adverbs) yaygın olarak
kullanılır.
always > daime, hep, her zaman

almost always > hemen her zaman
usually > genellikle
generally > genellikle
often > sık sık
frequently > sık sık
sometimes > bazen
occasionally > ara sıra
seldom > nadiren
rarely > nadiren
hardly ever > neredeyse hiç
almost never > neredeyse hiç
never > hiç, asla, hiç bir zaman
Kullanım 3
Timetables
The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
The concert starts in five minutes.
Kullanım 4
Non-continuous verbs
He knows seven languages.
He doesn't believe in ghosts.
Some people still think the world is flat.
Table of Present Tenses > simple present continuous
I am running now. I am not running now.
You are running now. You aren't running now.
He is running now. He isn't running now.
She is running now. She isn't running now.
It is running now. It isn't running now.
We are running now. We aren't running now.
They are running now. They aren't running now.
Kullanım 1
Konuşma anında gerçekleşen
eylemler
Zaman zarfları > now, right now, at the moment, at present, still
Where is your sister?

She is doing her homework in her room now.
Be quiet! Your little brother is still sleeping.
Don't turn off the radio! They are playing my favourite song.
Kullanım 2
Bu sıralar yapmakta
olduğumuz eylemler
Zaman zarfları > nowadays, at the moment, these days, this year, this summer ...
She is studying German these days.
I am taking five courses this semester.
Kullanım 3
Değişmekte olan durumlar
Everything is cheap.
Everything is getting cheaper.
It is cold outside.
It is getting colder outside.
Kullanım 4
Şikayet bildiren cümleler
Zaman zarfları > always, constantly, repeatedly, continually
You are always smoking in front of the children.
He is contantly complaining about his job.
Kullanım 5
Gelecek zaman
Zaman zarfları > tomorrow, tonight, next summer, next month., next week...
I am flying to Rome next month, so I am studying Italian these days.
We are ordering pizza for dinner tonight.
My parents are moving to another city at the end of the month.
Table of Present Tenses > present perfect
I have done it. I haven't done it.
You have done it. You haven't done it.
He has done it. He hasn't done it.
She has done it. She hasn't done it.
It has done it. It hasn't done it.
We have done it. We haven't done it.
They have done it. They haven't done it.
Kullanım 1
Geçmişteki eylemleri zaman
zarfı vermeden anlatıyorsak
I have left my phone at home.
We have visited Italy several times.
I have never been to Istanbul.
Kullanım 2
Yakın geçmişte gerçekleşen
sonuçları etkisi şuan
hissedilen eylemler
She has twisted her ankle, and she can’t walk now.
I have painted the walls and they are still wet.
I have lost my keys and I can’t get in the house.
Kullanım 3
Henüz tamamlanmamış
zaman zarflarıyla
zaman zarfları > today, this century, this week, this year ...
She has attended several classes this week.
It has rained a lot this year.
We haven't seen her today.
Kullanım 4
Recently, Lately
son zamanlarda
Recently, I have read some wonderful short stories by E.A. Poe.
A number of traffic accidents have happened recently.
She has published a new book lately.
Kullanım 5
Just, Already, Yet
John has written to his aunt, but he hasn't received a reply yet.
Grace has already climbed Everest and Ben Nevis twice, but she hasn't climbed Snowdon yet.
She looks relaxed, because she has just returned from a pleasant vacation at the seaside.
Kullanım 6
Şimdiye kadar anlamına
gelen zaman zarflarıyla
zaman zarfları > so far, thus far, up to now, till now, by now, until now, to date, ever, never, (cümle sonunda) before,
in my life,
I have visited more than nine countries so far.
Have you ever been in a long distance relationship?
I have never smoked a cigarette in my life.
I have never seen the sea before.
Kullanım 7
for + zaman dilimi
Linda has been on holidays for six weeks.
I have been a vegetarian for five years.
I have put aside one fourth of my salary for the last three years.
Kullanım 8
Tense Bağlacı
SINCE
Letter writing has gone into decline since the telephone was invented.
Since life began, the sun has grown by %30, but life has maintained steady temperatures on earth.
The weather has been awful since the beginning of the year.
Since the 1960s, there have been many technological innovations.
Kullanım 9
fido
It has rained for the past two hours.
We haven't heard from him during the last three weeks.
Over the past five days, It hasn't stopped snowing.
We haven't got a reply during the last two days.
Table of Present Tenses > present perfect continuous
I have been running for an hour. I haven't been running for an hour.
You have been running for an hour. You haven't been running for an hour.
He has been running for an hour. He hasn't been running for an hour.
She has been running for an hour. She hasn't been running for an hour.
It has been running for an hour. It hasn't been running for an hour.
We have been running for an hour. We haven't been running for an hour.
They have been running for an hour. They haven't been running for an hour.
Kullanım 1
Geçmişte başlayıp hala
devam etmekte olan eylemler
Jane has been living in Liverpool all her life.
The workers have been repairing the bridge for weeks, but they haven’t finished yet.
Kullanım 2
Geçmişte başlayıp kısa süre
önce bitmiş ve etkisi hala
devam eden eylemler
We have been driving along muddy roads and now the car is dirty.
Lisa is tired. She has been washing the dishes.
My eyes are aching because I have been working on the computer for ten hours.
Kullanım 3
for + zaman dilimi
We have been walking for hours! Let’s have a rest.
My father has been smoking for years, but he is considering quitting.
I have been sitting here for two hours.
Kullanım 4
Tense Bağlacı
SINCE
I have been taking medicine for my cold since Thursday.
She has been living in the same house since she was born.
Since we moved out of the village, my parents have been wanting to live in a big house.
Bu alıştırma present tense'leri form olarak daha kolay tanıyabilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?
A) have played up A) is ranging

B) doesn't collide B) have been dictating
C) are bursting C) have decided
D) have been drying up D) chats
2. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous 9. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?

Tense'dir?
A) is shipping
A) tremble B) have agreed with
B) have evaded C) are warding off
C) has been screening D) pave
D) are sensing
10. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous

3. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) have been matured
A) honour B) are surging
B) is contrasting C) has been conserving
C) haven't been preventing D) puts through
D) haven't dissolved
11. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?

Tense'dir? A) are spreading out
B) haven't been enquiring
A) aren't deteriorating
C) hasn't leaned
B) hasn't been refuted
D) welcome
C) has been bringing up
D) back up
12. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
5. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous A) are hoping

Tense'dir? B) hasn't breathed
C) go down
A) stride
D) has been enlarging
B) has been ridden
C) haven't been investing
D) are letting 13. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
A) is ripening
6. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous B) refrain from
Tense'dir? C) haven't injected
A) doesn't fight D) has been distracting
B) aren't defying
C) has been soaking 14. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous
D) has assured Tense'dir?
A) are keeping up with
7. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir? B) haven't been gathered
C) figure out
A) accept
D) have been deceiving
B) is electing
C) have taped
D) have been frowning
15. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous 18. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) hasn't been complaining
A) target B) get off
B) has been releasing C) isn't honouring
C) isn't adapting D) haven't dismayed
D) have been backed up
19. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous

16. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) is dismantling
A) watch out B) have been fascinating
B) are throwing out C) haven't paired
C) have been acclaiming D) lacks
D) has remedied

A) casts aside
A) bandage B) has been digesting
B) hasn't afforded C) hasn't immigrated
C) are reading D) is crying
D) hasn't been handling
1. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous

Tense'dir?
A) don't sum
B) have been weighing A) is bribing
C) has torn B) have been opening
D) are getting on C) has united
D) doesn't hint

Tense'dir? 9. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) have been detailing
B) care A) dedicates
C) are naming after B) has expelled
D) haven't been asked for C) has been benefiting
D) isn't chopping

A) is packaging Tense'dir?
B) haven't unearthed
A) is apologizing
C) has thought out
B) has been owning
D) bursts into
C) hasn't put off
D) don't act
A) reason 11. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous

B) have categorized Tense'dir?
C) are accustoming to
A) are judging on
D) has been shining
B) have been persevering
C) have spat
5. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir? D) don't come out
A) don't disperse
B) is applauding 12. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous
C) hasn't made use of Tense'dir?
D) have been curtailing A) has been housing
B) link
6. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous C) aren't arousing
Tense'dir? D) haven't been complemented
A) don't ridicule
B) has been catering to 13. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?
C) aren't filming
A) questions
D) has been avoided
B) is sparking
C) have been vanishing
7. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous D) haven't administered
Tense'dir?
A) bankrupt
B) is reviewing
C) hasn't been waved
D) has been eliminating
14. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous 21. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) are inserting
A) employ B) haven't reflected
B) are baking C) have been grasping
C) has been sedating D) object
D) has been dictated

15. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) has been tripling
A) guesses B) has been struggled
B) have been ending in C) is observing
C) aren't astounding D) get out of
D) has been parted

16. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir? Tense'dir?
A) isn't adding A) flow
B) have been assimilating B) has dared
C) haven't handed C) has been depleting
D) surround D) are costing
17. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir? 24. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) obtain
B) isn't facilitating A) enlighten
C) has been falling back upon B) has worshiped
D) has derived from C) haven't been educating
D) is triumphing

Tense'dir? 25. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) look out
B) isn't leasing A) debate
C) has been cropping B) have boarded
D) haven't obtained C) have been arriving
D) isn't slaughtering

A) is grounding
B) has ached A) don't argue
C) are hanging B) is counterattacking
D) come on C) has been thawing
D) have judged on

A) is squeezing
B) has pervaded A) aren't menacing
C) are turning off B) haven't flourished
D) abide by C) focus upon
D) has been approaching
28. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir? 35. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?
A) interfere A) is subjecting
B) isn't reporting B) hasn't been worsening
C) haven't come together C) has vacated
D) hasn't been contributing D) thaw
29. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir? 36. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) have disappeared
B) doesn't revolutionize A) hang out
C) aren't outpacing B) aren't succeeding
D) have been streaming C) hasn't stopped
D) have been going by

Tense'dir? 37. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
A) doesn't alarm A) steal
B) are building on B) is indicating
C) has been shipped C) has repaired
D) have been displaying D) have been waxing
31. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous 38. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) propel
A) haven't been soaring B) aren't regarding
B) expend C) has enquired
C) is provoking D) haven't been slaughtering
D) has been found out

32. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir? Tense'dir?
A) vacates A) metabolize
B) have overseen B) isn't blinking
C) are foretelling C) has been arresting
D) hasn't been inventing D) has been depended upon
33. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir? 40. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
A) outlive A) have voted

B) aren't blazing B) have been rearranging
C) has been focusing on C) don't put
D) has flattened D) has been linking

Tense'dir?
A) aren't detailing
B) has been exploiting
C) has retrieved
D) speak out
1. "don't ridicule" hangi tense'dir? 8. "are contributing" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) present perfect

B) simple present B) simple present
C) present perfect continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present continuous D) simple present continuous
2. "has been looking to" hangi tense'dir? 9. "doesn't qualify" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) present perfect continuous

B) simple present continuous B) simple present continuous
C) present perfect continuous C) present perfect
D) simple present D) simple present
3. "are foregoing" hangi tense'dir? 10. "have surprised" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple present B) simple present continuous
C) present perfect continuous C) simple present
D) simple present continuous D) present perfect continuous
4. "has laid" hangi tense'dir? 11. "have been exporting" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present A) simple present
B) present perfect B) present perfect
C) present perfect continuous C) present perfect continuous
5. "isn't necessitating" hangi tense'dir? 12. "have been climbing" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) simple present
B) simple present continuous B) present perfect continuous
C) present perfect C) present perfect
D) simple present D) simple present continuous
6. "is acquiring" hangi tense'dir? 13. "hasn't been bypassing" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple present continuous B) present perfect
C) present perfect continuous C) simple present continuous
D) present perfect D) present perfect continuous
7. "embellish" hangi tense'dir? 14. "has appeared" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present A) simple present continuous

15. "empty" hangi tense'dir? 18. "have initiated" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) simple present continuous
B) present perfect continuous B) simple present
C) simple present continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present D) present perfect
16. "has wandered" hangi tense'dir? 19. "ease" hangi tense'dir?

A) simple present continuous A) present perfect
B) simple present B) present perfect continuous
C) present perfect C) simple present continuous
D) present perfect continuous D) simple present
17. "haven't been drinking" hangi tense'dir? 20. "is secreting" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) simple present continuous

B) simple present B) present perfect
C) present perfect C) simple present
1. "have been multiplying" hangi tense'dir? 8. "don't get in" hangi tense'dir?
2. "aren't commissioning" hangi tense'dir? 9. "are donating" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) simple present

B) present perfect B) present perfect continuous
C) simple present C) present perfect
3. "has been evolving" hangi tense'dir? 10. "don't get by" hangi tense'dir?

4. "has aided" hangi tense'dir? 11. "has subscribed to" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple present continuous B) simple present
C) simple present C) present perfect
D) present perfect continuous D) present perfect continuous
5. "is deciphering" hangi tense'dir? 12. "recreate" hangi tense'dir?

A) simple present continuous A) present perfect continuous
C) present perfect continuous C) present perfect
D) present perfect D) simple present
6. "has inflicted" hangi tense'dir? 13. "has been transforming" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present A) present perfect continuous
B) present perfect continuous B) simple present continuous
C) simple present continuous C) simple present
D) present perfect D) present perfect
7. "isn't talking" hangi tense'dir? 14. "don't number" hangi tense'dir?

B) present perfect continuous B) present perfect continuous
D) simple present continuous D) present perfect
15. "are bandaging" hangi tense'dir? 23. "have been privatizing" hangi tense'dir?

C) simple present continuous C) simple present continuous
16. "is slaying" hangi tense'dir? 24. "have disappointed" hangi tense'dir?
C) simple present continuous C) simple present
D) present perfect continuous D) present perfect
17. "have neglected" hangi tense'dir? 25. "contemplates" hangi tense'dir?

D) present perfect D) simple present continuous
18. "are distinguishing" hangi tense'dir? 26. "suffer" hangi tense'dir?

B) present perfect continuous B) present perfect
C) present perfect C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present continuous D) simple present
19. "surge" hangi tense'dir? 27. "has been arising" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present A) present perfect continuous

B) simple present continuous B) simple present continuous
20. "retain" hangi tense'dir? 28. "hasn't attacked" hangi tense'dir?

B) present perfect continuous B) simple present
C) simple present C) present perfect continuous
21. "doesn't persist" hangi tense'dir? 29. "isn't stretching" hangi tense'dir?
C) present perfect continuous C) simple present continuous
22. "has disrupted" hangi tense'dir? 30. "hasn't been extracting" hangi tense'dir?

B) present perfect continuous B) present perfect
C) simple present continuous C) simple present continuous
D) present perfect D) present perfect continuous
31. "has been merging" hangi tense'dir? 36. "realizes" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous A) present perfect continuous
32. "has been saving" hangi tense'dir? 37. "has been shedding" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) present perfect continuous

D) simple present continuous D) present perfect
33. "hasn't disconnected" hangi tense'dir? 38. "are wining" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple present B) present perfect
34. "haven't been considering" hangi tense'dir? 39. "has chopped" hangi tense'dir?

35. "are triggering" hangi tense'dir? 40. "have registered" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous A) simple present
B) present perfect continuous B) present perfect continuous
C) present perfect C) present perfect
Bu alıştırma present tense'lerin çevirisini pekiştirebilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. "has focused" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "abstain" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) odaklamış durumda A) uzak durmuş durumda

B) odaklar B) uzak durur
C) odaklıyor C) uzak duruyor
2. "isn't exercising" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "has been babysitting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) egzersiz yapmıyor A) çocuk bakıyor

B) egzersiz yapmaz B) çocuk bakar
C) egzersiz yapmamış durumda C) çocuk bakmış durumda
3. "are leaking" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "haven't been forbidding" çevirisi

hangisidir?
A) sızdırmış durumda
B) sızdırır A) yasaklamaz
C) sızdırıyor B) yasaklamamış durumda
C) yasaklamıyor
4. "doesn't analyse" çevirisi hangisidir?

12. "have remarked" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) analiz etmez
B) analiz etmemiş durumda A) söyler
C) analiz etmiyor B) söylemiş durumda
C) söylüyor
5. "has balanced" çevirisi hangisidir?

13. "are cutting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dengelemiş durumda
B) dengeler A) keser
C) dengeliyor B) kesiyor
C) kesmiş durumda
6. "hasn't been exchanging" çevirisi

hangisidir? 14. "haven't left" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) değiş tokuş yapmaz A) ayrılmıyor

B) değiş tokuş yapmamış durumda B) ayrılmaz
C) değiş tokuş yapmıyor C) ayrılmamış durumda
7. "don't release" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "buys" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) salmıyor A) satın almış durumda

B) salmaz B) satın alıyor
C) salmamış durumda C) satın alır
8. "have been disturbing" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "is separating" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) rahatsız ediyor A) ayırır
B) rahatsız eder B) ayırıyor
C) rahatsız etmiş durumda C) ayırmış durumda
17. "don't ripen" çevirisi hangisidir? 19. "is suffering" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yırtmaz A) acı çekiyor
B) yırtmıyor B) acı çeker
C) yırtmamış durumda C) acı çekmiş durumda
18. "have been hiding" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "has broken" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) saklanıyor A) kırmış durumda

B) saklanır B) kırar
C) saklanmış durumda C) kırıyor
Bu alıştırma present tense'lerin çevirisini pekiştirebilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. "have been fulfilling" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "reveals" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) yerine getirir A) göstermiş durumda
B) yerine getiriyor B) gösterir
C) yerine getirmiş durumda C) gösteriyor
2. "has reacted" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "have been measuring" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tepki göstermiş durumda A) ölçüyor

B) tepki gösterir B) ölçer
C) tepki gösteriyor C) ölçmüş durumda
3. "is forcing" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "hasn't noticed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) zorlamış durumda A) fark etmemiş durumda

B) zorlar B) fark etmez
C) zorluyor C) fark etmiyor
4. "isn't enjoying" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "are accelerating" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) eğlenmez A) hızlandırmış durumda
B) eğlenmiyor B) hızlandırır
C) eğlenmemiş durumda C) hızlandırıyor
5. "doesn't flee" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "is neglecting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kaçmıyor A) ihmal eder

B) kaçmamış durumda B) ihmal ediyor
C) kaçmaz C) ihmal etmiş durumda
6. "haven't been causing" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "are watching out" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sebep olmaz A) dikkat etmiş durumda

B) sebep olmuyor B) dikkat eder
C) sebep olmamış durumda C) dikkat ediyor
7. "hasn't been penetrating" çevirisi 15. "isn't cohabiting" çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) birlikte yaşamıyor
A) nüfuz etmez B) birlikte yaşamaz
B) nüfuz etmiyor C) birlikte yaşamamış durumda
C) nüfuz etmemiş durumda
16. "has proceeded" çevirisi hangisidir?

8. "have been experimenting" çevirisi
hangisidir? A) ilerler
B) ilerlemiş durumda
A) deney yapar
C) ilerliyor
B) deney yapmış durumda
C) deney yapıyor
17. "has been dyeing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) boyar
B) boyuyor
C) boyamış durumda
18. "are throwing out" çevirisi hangisidir? 27. "throw" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) atıyor A) atıyor
B) atar B) atar
C) atmış durumda C) atmış durumda
19. "manifest" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "are bottling" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) gösteriyor A) şişeler
B) göstermiş durumda B) şişeliyor
C) gösterir C) şişelemiş durumda
20. "has been walking" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "match" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yürüyor A) eşleşir
B) yürürlükten kaldırdı B) eşleşiyor
C) yürümüş durumda C) eşleşmiş durumda
21. "don't shift" çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "have been blowing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) değiştirmiyor A) eser
B) değiştirmez B) esiyor
C) değiştirmez durumda C) esmiş durumda
22. "emerge" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "has recovered" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ortaya çıkmış durumda A) iyileşir

B) ortaya çıkar B) iyileşmiş durumda
C) ortaya çıkıyor C) iyileşiyor
23. "finds" çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "is smiling" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) bulur A) gülümser
B) buluyor B) gülümsüyor
C) bulmuş durumda C) gülümsemiş durumda
24. "goes" çevirisi hangisidir? 33. "has punished" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gidiyor A) cezalandırır
B) gitmiş durumda B) cezalandırmış durumda
C) gider C) cezalandırıyor
25. "have fallen" çevirisi hangisidir? 34. "has paniced" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) düşmüş durumda A) paniğe kapılmış durumda

B) düşer B) paniğe kapılır
C) düşüyor C) paniğe kapılıyor
26. "have organized" çevirisi hangisidir? 35. "haven't calmed down" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) düzenlemiş durumda A) sakinleşmez
B) düzenler B) sakinleşmemiş durumda
C) düzenliyor C) sakinleşmiyor
36. "have been surveying" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "has torn" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) anket yapar A) yırtar
B) anket yapmış durumda B) yırtıyor
C) anket yapıyor C) yırtmış durumda
37. "hasn't been elevating" çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "are burning" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yükseltmez A) yanar
B) yükseltmemiş durumda B) yanıyor
C) yükseltmiyor C) yanmış durumda
38. "doesn't know" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bilmez
B) bilmiyor
C) bilmemiş durumda
Bu alıştırmada present tense'lerle ilgili örnek cümleler anlatılmaktadır.
1: Rocks hold important clues about our planet. 6: In the last 30 years ice has been melting in the
TR: Arctic at a rapid pace.
TR:
2: Text messaging has become increasingly popular all

over the world.
TR: 7: Psychology plays an important part in the healing
success.
TR:
3: Treatment of heart failure has advanced significantly
in recent decades.
TR: 8: The modern world is getting more highly
industrialized and mechanized.
TR:
4: Over millions of years of evolution, our sleeping

patterns have changed.
TR: 9: Chocolate is gaining wider recognition for its health
benefits.
TR:
5: Turkish people have been living in central Asia for

ages. 10: Rules and laws differ from one country to another.
TR: TR:
Bu alıştırmada present tense'lerle ilgili örnek cümleler anlatılmaktadır.
1: The education industry has been revolutionizing 11: Mosquitoes become inactive during the cold
rapidly with the changing time. weather or winter.
TR: TR:
12: The number of deaths from AIDS is still increasing

2: Since the 19th century, humans have been in many parts of the world.
wondering about the prospects of life on Mars. TR:
TR:
13: All over the world, communities handle their waste

3: Superstitions have existed in every human society or trash differently.
throughout history. TR:
TR:
14: Acid rain leads to the destruction of forests, lakes

4: Earth's climate has been changing regularly for and soil.
hundreds of millions of years. TR:
TR:
15: The Brazilian plateau receives rainfall between

1000 and 2000 mm.
5: The rate of homeless families is increasing rapidly. TR:
TR:
6: Excessive sun exposure in childhood contributes to 16: Ireland has included the harp as its national symbol
skin cancer in later life. since the 1200s.
TR: TR:
7: Life expectancy in Europe has increased greatly in 17: The development of technology has considerably
the 20th century. improved our lifestyles.
TR: TR:
8: The Sahara Desert is expanding at a rate of around 18: Benign tumours don't grow and spread.
30 miles per year. TR:
TR:
19: Humans have have been making art for thousands
of years.
TR:
9: The Chinese economy has already overtaken the
USA.
TR:
20: In the past 100 years, the roles and lives of women
have changed drastically.
10: Electricity is becoming a more and more critical TR:
part of modern life.
TR:
Since vs For > konu anlatımı
Bu alıştırmada Since ve For arasındaki fark anlatılmaktadır.
for + zaman dilimi : ...dır, ...dir, ...dur, ...dür
I have worked here for five years.
He has been teaching English for fourteen years.
She has been watching that programme for 10 months.
I haven't seen Jack for a long time.
since + zaman noktası : ...den beri, ...dan bu yana
I have worked here since 2013.
He has been teaching English since 2004.
She has been watching that programme since December.
I haven't seen Jack since high school.
since + SVO : ...den beri, ...dan bu yana
I have worked here since I left school.
He has been teaching English since he was 22 years

old.
She has been watching that programme since it started.
I haven't seen Jack since we graduated from high

school.
since = ever since
**Since, sebep bağlacı olarak da kullanılabilir. Bu anlamı conjunctions ünitesinde anlatılacaktır.
Since vs For > introduction
1. Joe and Josephine have been going out 6. The dog has been barking ---- the last 30
together ---- Valentine's Day minutes.
A) for B) since A) for B) since
2. Here, tourism has been increasing ---- the 7. I have been in the same job ---- I left school.
end of last year.
A) for B) since
A) for B) since
8. This has been the standard in the milk

3. I have danced ---- I was small. industry ---- years.
4. Clara has been exercising regularly ---- the 9. The weather has been awful ---- the
past month. beginning of the year.
5. We have eaten at several of the restaurants -- 10. We haven't had such a good vacation ----
-- we arrived. several years.
Since vs For > homework
1. I have been in the same job ---- twenty years. 11. Sue has only been waiting ---- 20 minutes.
2. I have been waiting ---- 4 o'clock. 12. I have been well-paid ---- I joined that firm.
3. The astronauts have been working on the 13. Bonnie has been taking vitamins ---- she got
flight simulator ---- five months. a very bad flu.
4. ---- its original design, the American flag has 14. They have all improved in attitude ---- the
been changed 26 times. headmaster talked to them.
A) For B) Since A) for B) since
5. I've lost so much flexibility ---- I injured my 15. How long has it been ---- you got married?
leg.
A) for B) since
A) for B) since
16. The cost of living has gone up a great deal --

6. The war has continued ---- five more years. -- last year.
7. The lawyers have been arguing the case ---- 17. She hasn't had a day off ---- three months.
hours.
A) for B) since
A) for B) since
18. The forest has been in flames ---- three days.

8. Women soccer teams have been playing in
the Olympics ---- 1996. A) for B) since
A) for B) since
19. We have been talking about our trip ---- we
got back.
9. Several countries have been mining silver ---
- the 1500s. A) for B) since
A) for B) since
20. Sue and Joe have been planning their
vacation ---- last winter.
10. We have been waiting for him ---- a long
time. A) for B) since
A) for B) since
Bu alıştırmada present tense'ler karşılaştırmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. My fingers are sore because I ---- the guitar 6. She ---- in seven different countries, so she --
all day. -- a lot about different cultures.
A) have been playing A) has lived / knows
B) am playing B) lives / has known
2. Technology ---- so much over the past 7. Look, I ---- two tickets for the circus.
century.
A) hold
A) has developed and changed B) am holding
B) develops and changes
8. John ---- to get up very early.

3. When the snow ----, it ---- into the river.
A) likes
A) has melted / has flowed B) is liking
B) melts / flows
9. Everybody ---- money. It is very important.

4. We ---- French for ten years.
A) needs
A) don't study B) is needing
B) haven’t studied
10. Do you hear the wind ? It ---- very heavily

5. Cecilia has been crying all day because she - tonight.
--- her exams.
A) is blowing
A) has failed B) has been blowing
B) has been failing
Bu alıştırmada present tense'ler karşılaştırmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. At the moment, Cynthia ---- on the floor with 10. They ---- to London on Friday evening at
her doll. 8:15.
A) is lying A) fly
B) has lain B) are flying
2. She usually ---- languages very fast, but she - 11. I won’t go out now, because it ---- and I don't
--- problems with Chinese at the moment. have an umbrella.
A) is learning / has A) rains

B) learns / is having B) is raining
3. I ---- at the door for ten minutes without 12. Fresh water ---- at 100° Celsius.
success.
A) boils
A) have been knocking B) is boiling
B) am knocking
13. He---- all the Harry Potter books.

4. I ---- from my pen pal for a long time.
A) has read
A) haven't heard B) has been reading
B) don't hear
14. He ---- two letters this morning.

5. She lost her keys. She ---- them since
Monday but she hasn't found them yet. A) has written
B) has been writing
A) has been looking for
B) has looked for
15. Throughout history, world leaders ---- in
power for a few weeks or as long as several
6. When water is heated, it ---- into gas. decades.
A) turns A) remain
B) is turning B) have remained
7. George ---- well when he is not tired. 16. Listen! They ---- my favourite song.
A) has worked A) are playing

B) works B) have been playing
8. It ---- without interruption for three days. 17. Jacky is sweating because he ---- for over
four hours.
A) has rained
B) rain A) has been running
B) is running
9. Emma ---- English and French but her sister

doesn't. 18. Kim and Joey ---- friends for three years.
A) speaks A) have been
B) is speaking B) are
19. She ---- the secret for thirty years.
A) has kept
B) keep
20. Guy ---- Joanna since they were at primary
school.
A) has known
B) knows
Future Tenses
Bu ünitede future tense'lerin yazılışı, çevirisi ve kullanım yerleri anlatılmaktadır.
• Table of Future Tenses

• vs Questions
Table of Future Tenses > simple future
I will do it tomorrow. I won't do it tomorrow.
You will do it tomorrow. You won't do it tomorrow.
He will do it tomorrow. He won't do it tomorrow.
She will do it tomorrow. She won't do it tomorrow.
It will do it tomorrow. It won't do it tomorrow.
We will do it tomorrow. We won't do it tomorrow.
They will do it tomorrow. They won't do it tomorrow.
Kullanım 1
Gelecekte gerçekleşecek
eylemler
Before she leaves, she is going to repair the computer.
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
I am staying with my uncle for the time being, but later I will move to a small apartment.
When the supply is low, the price will naturally go higher.
I will go to the dentist’s as soon as I have a toothache.
A nuclear war will bring about the destruction of mankind.
He will look after the cats for me while I'm abroad.
Because my mother is sick, my father will cook today.
As soon as he finishes his breakfast, he will go to work.
I will stay at home until you phone me.
Kullanım 2
be going to do
We are going to have dinner at eight o’clock.
Robots are going to do all the housework in the next decade.
I am going to do my homework when I get home this afternoon.
We talked about it yesterday and I am going to quit my job tomorrow.
Get back! The bomb is going to explode.
Table of Future Tenses > simple future continuous
I will be doing it at this time tomorrow. I won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
You will be doing it at this time tomorrow. You won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
He will be doing it at this time tomorrow. He won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
She will be doing it at this time tomorrow. She won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
It will be doing it at this time tomorrow. It won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
We will be doing it at this time tomorrow. We won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
They will be doing it at this time tomorrow. They won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
Kullanım
Gelecekte bir noktada yapıyor
olacağımız eylemler
I will be working for my father this time next year.
My mother will probably be cooking when we get home.
At approximately 7:30, the sun will be sinking behind the horizon.
Table of Future Tenses > future perfect
I will have done it by Friday. I won't have done it by Friday.
You will have done it by Friday. You won't have done it by Friday.
He will have done it by Friday. He won't have done it by Friday.
She will have done it by Friday. She won't have done it by Friday.
It will have done it by Friday. It won't have done it by Friday.
We will have done it by Friday. We won't have done it by Friday.
They will have done it by Friday. They won't have done it by Friday.
Kullanım
Gelecekte bir noktada
yapmış, bitirmiş, tamamlamış
olacağımız eylemler
We will have heard from the publishers again by next month.
By the end of the century, the earth will have experienced a dramatic increase in temperature.
By the time you come back from your vacation, all the flowers will have fainted.
The plane will have landed by the time we arrive at the airport in this slow traffic.
On the 30th of next month, she will have been a pilot for four years.
Table of Future Tenses > future perfect continuous
I will have been doing it. I won't have been doing it.
You will have been doing it. You won't have been doing it.
He will have been doing it. He won't have been doing it.
She will have been doing it. She won't have been doing it.
It will have been doing it. It won't have been doing it.
We will have been doing it. We won't have been doing it.
They will have been doing it. They won't have been doing it.
Kullanım
Gelecekteki bir eylemi ne
kadar zamandır yapıyor
olacağımız bu tense ile ifade
edilir
By morning, we will have been working ten hours without a rest.
He will have been studying French six years by next summer.
By the end of the month, we will have been working on the project for two years.
Bu alıştırma future tense'leri form olarak daha kolay tanıyabilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?

A) will succeed A) won't have been smelling
B) will be roaring B) will overhear
C) won't have ruled against C) won't be paying off
D) will have been calling off D) won't have thawed
2. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous 9. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous

Tense'dir? Tense'dir?
A) will have been bombarding A) will be regulating
B) will have cared B) will have been blossoming
C) will prolong C) will have glimpsed
D) won't be salting D) will remedy
3. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir? 10. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous

Tense'dir?
A) will have been dictating
B) will be picking A) will have been touring
C) won't have lived B) will have faked
D) won't unload C) will feel up to
D) will be sprinkling
4. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?

11. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
A) won't be shutting up
B) won't evade A) will have been flourishing
C) will have been depriving B) won't be waving
D) won't have expired C) will have functioned
D) will mobilize

12. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous
A) will affect Tense'dir?
B) will have been fading out
A) will be distrusting
C) will have blown
B) won't have been sabotaging
D) will be stealing
C) will have endured
D) will tremble
Tense'dir?
13. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous
A) won't have been competing Tense'dir?
B) will have identified
A) will have been allying
C) won't wake up
B) will have come along
D) will be answering
C) won't alleviate
D) will be slowing down
Tense'dir?
A) will be booming Tense'dir?
B) won't have been inducing
A) won't have been spiting
C) won't have traded
B) won't have dived
D) will dwell
C) will worsen
D) will be breaking up
Tense'dir?
A) won't be vetoing
B) won't mummify A) will have been engaging
C) will have been sending B) won't be ruining
D) will have cared C) will have caught
D) will win

A) will have ruined
B) will subject A) will have been bursting
C) will have been coinciding B) will have benefited
D) won't be advertising C) will paralyze
D) will be chopping

Tense'dir? 20. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
A) won't have been calculating A) will have been revising
B) will disguise B) will be tagging
C) will be beating C) will have bet
D) will have wanted D) won't swap
1. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?
A) won't be exiling A) won't pour

B) will save B) will be dislocating
C) will have been privatizing C) will have funded
D) won't have imitated D) will have been participating
2. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 9. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous

Tense'dir?
A) will be showering
B) will have enrolled A) will have been deeming
C) won't have been abiding by B) will borrow
D) will brush C) will be alleging
D) won't have kept out

A) won't be weaving Tense'dir?
B) won't frown
A) will be growing into
C) will have been keeping out
B) will have been hastening
D) won't have produced
C) won't have determined
D) won't meet
A) will grind 11. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous

B) will have been rising Tense'dir?
C) will have embodied
A) will have been cropping
D) will be boycotting
B) will have consented
C) will sort
5. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? D) won't be setting
A) will have been broadcasting
B) won't be going along with 12. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous
C) won't notify Tense'dir?
D) will have inscribed A) will be limiting
B) will have been looking down
6. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous C) will have postponed
Tense'dir? D) will sentence
A) won't control
B) will be restraining 13. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous
C) will have isolated Tense'dir?
D) will have been splitting A) won't have overflowed
B) will slow down
7. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir? C) will have been running out of
D) will be annoying
A) will have been leasing
B) won't have smoked
C) will pass away 14. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?
D) will be obeying A) won't be smuggling
B) won't have explained
C) will have been altering
D) will dismay
15. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 22. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
A) will be disabling A) won't have edited

B) won't have settled B) will be criticizing
C) will have been corrupting C) won't pull through
D) will come from D) won't have been fooling
Tense'dir?
A) won't be risking
B) will have been settling down A) will have been photographing
C) will break out B) will confront
D) will have wanted C) will be decreasing
D) will have injured

Tense'dir? 24. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
A) will have been tagging A) will have missed

B) won't equal B) won't salt
C) will be limiting C) will be projecting
D) will have snowed D) won't have been conducting
18. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 25. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) will have been exceeding
B) will be dreaming A) won't have been educating
C) will distract B) will exile
D) will have blossomed C) won't be destroying
D) won't have cooled

Tense'dir? 26. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) will plan
B) won't have been plugging A) will have submerged
C) will be enslaving B) won't be coding
D) will have sawn C) will backfire
D) will have been dropping by

A) will bring together Tense'dir?
B) won't be searching for
A) will have been expending
C) will have been hesitating
B) will be emigrating
D) will have pioneered
C) won't have validated
D) will undertake
A) will be wondering 28. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?
B) will have accompanied
A) will have rusted
C) will have been growing up
B) will rinse
D) will nominate
C) will have been discovering
D) will be asking
29. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous 35. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) will have banged
A) will have been upholding B) will cough
B) will have tagged C) will be abounding
C) will leave out D) won't have been meaning
D) will be correlating

30. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) will have innovated
A) won't have been attending B) will be upgrading
B) will have drilled C) will stand out
C) will run away with D) will have been extorting
D) won't be posting

31. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir? Tense'dir?
A) will have been typing A) won't have emigrated
B) won't have bounced B) will be going up
C) will afford C) will interfere
D) will be pollinating D) will have been exterminating
32. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous 38. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous
Tense'dir? Tense'dir?
A) won't be smoothing A) won't have been improvising

B) will limit B) won't have exhaled
C) won't have been thawing C) won't complain
D) will have washed D) will be needling
33. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 39. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) won't have inhaled
B) will execute A) will hang out
C) will have been concealing B) will have been acting
D) will be shocking C) will have laid
D) will be staying behind

A) will be magnifying Tense'dir?
B) will have contributed to
A) will have been interfering
C) will show around
B) will have germinated
D) will have been registering
C) won't carry away
D) won't be collaborating
1. "will have cheered up" hangi tense'dir? 8. "will have coughed" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) simple future
B) future perfect continuous B) future perfect continuous
C) simple future continuous C) simple future continuous
D) simple future D) future perfect
2. "will have been breaking out" hangi 9. "won't have mocked" hangi tense'dir?
tense'dir?
A) simple future
A) future perfect continuous B) future perfect continuous
B) simple future C) future perfect
C) future perfect D) simple future continuous
D) simple future continuous
10. "will be clearing" hangi tense'dir?

3. "will be overlooking" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous
A) simple future B) future perfect continuous
B) future perfect continuous C) future perfect
C) future perfect D) simple future
11. "won't associate with" hangi tense'dir?

4. "won't be dividing" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect
B) future perfect C) simple future
C) simple future D) simple future continuous
12. "will have been shutting up" hangi

5. "will blur" hangi tense'dir? tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous A) future perfect

B) future perfect B) simple future continuous
C) future perfect continuous C) future perfect continuous
D) simple future D) simple future
6. "will have been sparing" hangi tense'dir? 13. "will be setting up" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous A) future perfect continuous

B) future perfect continuous B) simple future continuous
C) simple future C) future perfect
D) future perfect D) simple future
7. "will have been auctioning off" hangi 14. "won't rehearse" hangi tense'dir?
tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous
A) future perfect continuous B) simple future continuous
B) simple future continuous C) simple future
C) simple future D) future perfect
D) future perfect
15. "will spell" hangi tense'dir? 18. "won't be hastening" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous A) future perfect

B) simple future B) simple future
C) simple future continuous C) future perfect continuous
D) future perfect D) simple future continuous
16. "will have looked down" hangi tense'dir? 19. "won't have countered" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) simple future continuous

C) future perfect continuous C) future perfect
D) simple future continuous D) future perfect continuous
17. "won't have been oscillating" hangi 20. "will regulate" hangi tense'dir?
tense'dir?
A) future perfect
B) simple future C) simple future continuous
C) future perfect D) simple future
1. "will have hurried" hangi tense'dir? 8. "will be communicating" hangi tense'dir?

D) simple future continuous D) future perfect
2. "will have been eating" hangi tense'dir? 9. "will have digested" hangi tense'dir?
B) simple future B) future perfect continuous
C) future perfect C) simple future continuous
D) future perfect continuous D) simple future
3. "will rank" hangi tense'dir? 10. "will have been deciding" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future A) simple future

B) future perfect B) future perfect
C) future perfect continuous C) simple future continuous
4. "will be contributing" hangi tense'dir? 11. "will have caught" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple future continuous B) future perfect
C) simple future C) future perfect continuous
D) future perfect continuous D) simple future continuous
5. "will have been narrating" hangi tense'dir? 12. "won't purchase" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous A) simple future continuous

D) future perfect D) future perfect continuous
6. "won't be throwing up" hangi tense'dir? 13. "will have cooked" hangi tense'dir?

C) future perfect continuous C) simple future continuous
D) simple future continuous D) future perfect
7. "won't be housing" hangi tense'dir? 14. "won't be globalizing" hangi tense'dir?

B) future perfect B) simple future
D) future perfect continuous D) simple future continuous
15. "will have extracted" hangi tense'dir? 22. "will be struggling" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) future perfect continuous

B) future perfect continuous B) simple future continuous
C) simple future continuous C) future perfect
D) simple future D) simple future
16. "won't have been gambling" hangi tense'dir? 23. "will be beating" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous A) future perfect continuous

B) simple future B) simple future continuous
C) future perfect C) future perfect
D) simple future continuous D) simple future
17. "won't have been accounting" hangi 24. "won't have looked back" hangi tense'dir?
tense'dir?
A) future perfect
A) future perfect continuous B) simple future continuous
B) simple future continuous C) simple future
C) simple future D) future perfect continuous
D) future perfect
25. "won't be devastating" hangi tense'dir?

18. "will mutate" hangi tense'dir?
B) simple future continuous C) future perfect
C) simple future D) simple future
D) future perfect
26. "will translate" hangi tense'dir?

19. "will foresee" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous B) future perfect
B) future perfect C) future perfect continuous
C) simple future D) simple future
D) future perfect continuous
27. "won't be structuring" hangi tense'dir?

20. "will have been raining" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future
A) simple future B) future perfect continuous
B) future perfect C) future perfect
C) future perfect continuous D) simple future continuous
28. "will stem from" hangi tense'dir?

21. "will have been foreseeing" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future
A) future perfect B) simple future continuous
C) simple future continuous D) future perfect continuous
D) simple future
29. "won't insist" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future
B) future perfect
C) future perfect continuous
30. "will have invented" hangi tense'dir? 36. "won't have read" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous A) future perfect

B) simple future continuous B) simple future
C) future perfect C) future perfect continuous
D) simple future D) simple future continuous
31. "won't have been paralyzing" hangi 37. "will have been naming" hangi tense'dir?
tense'dir?
A) simple future
A) simple future continuous B) future perfect continuous
C) simple future D) simple future continuous
D) future perfect
38. "will have been pronouncing" hangi

32. "won't have undermined" hangi tense'dir? tense'dir?
A) simple future A) future perfect
B) future perfect B) simple future continuous
D) simple future continuous D) simple future
33. "will have handed over" hangi tense'dir? 39. "will moan" hangi tense'dir?
B) simple future B) simple future continuous
34. "will be meaning" hangi tense'dir? 40. "will arrive" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future A) future perfect

B) future perfect continuous B) simple future
C) future perfect C) future perfect continuous
D) simple future continuous D) simple future continuous
35. "will warm" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future
B) simple future continuous
C) future perfect
D) future perfect continuous
Bu alıştırma future tense'lerin çevirisini pekiştirebilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. "will be wearing" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "will have been swinging" çevirisi

hangisidir?
A) giyecek
B) giyiyor olacak A) sallanıyor olacak
C) giymiş durumda olacak B) sallanacak
C) sallanmış durumda olacak
2. "won't have slept" çevirisi hangisidir?

10. "will suck" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) uyumayacak
B) uyumuyor olacak A) emiyor olacak
C) uyumamış durumda olacak B) emecek
C) emmiş durumda olacak
3. "will have regulated" çevirisi hangisidir?

11. "will be packaging" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) düzenlemiş durumda olacak
B) düzenleyecek A) paketleyecek
C) düzenliyor olacak B) paketliyor olacak
C) paketlemiş durumda olacak
4. "will have been creating" çevirisi hangisidir?

12. "will peel" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yaratacak
B) yaratıyor olacak A) soymuş durumda olacak
C) yaratmış durumda olacak B) soyuyor olacak
C) soyacak
5. "will have been defeating" çevirisi

hangisidir? 13. "will have been leaving" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) galip gelecek A) ayrılacak

B) galip geliyor olacak B) ayrılmış durumda olacak
C) galip gelmiş durumda olacak C) ayrılıyor olacak
6. "will have read" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "will be paying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) okuyacak A) ödüyor olacak
B) okuyor olacak B) ödeyecek
C) okumuş durumda olacak C) ödemiş durumda olacak
7. "will force" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "won't have been elevating" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) zorlamış durumda olacak
B) zorluyor olacak A) yükseltmeyecek
C) zorlayacak B) yükseltmemiş durumda olacak
C) yükseltmiyor olacak
8. "won't be looking for" çevirisi hangisidir?

16. "will have seen" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) aramıyor olacak
B) aramayacak A) görüyor olacak
C) aramamış durumda olacak B) görecek
C) görmüş durumda olacak
17. "will have balanced" çevirisi hangisidir? 19. "won't be exercising" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dengelemiş durumda olacak A) egzersiz yapmıyor olacak

B) dengeleyecek B) egzersiz yapmayacak
C) dengeliyor olacak C) egzersiz yapmamış durumda olacak
18. "will fill" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "will deepen" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dolduruyor olacak A) derinleşecek

B) dolduracak B) derinleşmiş durumda olacak
C) doldurmuş durumda olacak C) derinleşiyor olacak
Bu alıştırma future tense'lerin çevirisini pekiştirebilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. "will have fainted" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "will have stepped down" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) bayılmış durumda olacak
B) bayılıyor olacak A) istifa ediyor olacak
C) bayılacak B) istifa etmiş durumda olacak
C) istifa edecek
2. "will innovate" çevirisi hangisidir?

10. "won't have been wrapping" çevirisi
A) yenilik yapacak hangisidir?
B) yenilik yapmış durumda olacak
A) sarmayacak
C) yenilik yapıyor olacak
B) sarmamış durumda olacak
C) sarmıyor olacak
3. "will be curing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tedavi edecek 11. "will thank" çevirisi hangisidir?

B) tedavi ediyor olacak
A) teşekkür etmiş durumda olacak
C) tedavi etmiş durumda olacak
B) teşekkür ediyor olacak
C) teşekkür edecek
4. "will have been rescuing" çevirisi
hangisidir?
12. "will be obeying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kurtarıyor olacak
B) kurtaracak A) itaat ediyor olacak
C) kurtarmış durumda olacak B) itaat etmiş durumda olacak
C) itaat edecek
5. "won't participate" çevirisi hangisidir?

13. "will have told" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) katılmayacak
B) katılmamış durumda olacak A) söylüyor olacak
C) katılmıyor olacak B) söylemiş durumda olacak
C) söyleyecek
6. "won't have heard" çevirisi hangisidir?

14. "will be forcing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) duymamış durumda olacak
B) duymuyor olacak A) zorlamış durumda olacak
C) duymayacak B) zorlayacak
C) zorluyor olacak
7. "will have recommended" çevirisi

hangisidir? 15. "will have been expanding" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) tavsiye edecek
B) tavsiye ediyor olacak A) genişliyor olacak
C) tavsiye etmiş durumda olacak B) genişleyecek
C) genişlemiş durumda olacak
8. "will have been standing up" çevirisi

hangisidir? 16. "won't have been jumping" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ayağa kalkacak
B) ayağa kalkıyor olacak A) zıplamıyor olacak
C) ayağa kalkmış durumda olacak B) zıplamayacak
C) zıplamamış durumda olacak
17. "will be assigning" çevirisi hangisidir? 26. "won't have won" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) görevlendirecek A) kazanmamış durumda olacak

B) görevlendiriyor olacak B) kazanmayacak
C) görevlendirmiş durumda olacak C) kazanmıyor olacak
18. "won't mix" çevirisi hangisidir? 27. "will be leaking" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) karıştırmıyor olacak A) sızdırmış durumda olacak

B) karıştırmayacak B) sızdıracak
C) karıştırmamış durumda olacak C) sızdırıyor olacak
19. "will improvise" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "will revolve" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) geliştiriyor olacak A) dönüyor olacak
B) geliştirecek B) dönecek
C) geliştirmiş durumda olacak C) dönmüş durumda olacak
20. "will be joking" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "will have been watering" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) şaka yapıyor olacak
B) şaka yapacak A) suluyor olacak
C) şaka yapmış durumda olacak B) sulayacak
C) sulamış durumda olacak
21. "will have complemented" çevirisi

hangisidir? 30. "will take" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tamamlayacak A) almış durumda olacak
B) tamamlıyor olacak B) alıyor olacak
C) tamamlamış durumda olacak C) alacak
22. "won't evacuate" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "will have been experimenting" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) tahliye etmeyecek
B) tahliye etmemiş durumda olacak A) deney yapacak
C) tahliye etmiyor olacak B) deney yapmış durumda olacak
C) deney yapıyor olacak
23. "won't be driving" çevirisi hangisidir?

32. "will be laying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sürmeyecek
B) sürmemiş durumda olacak A) koyacak
C) sürmüyor olacak B) koyuyor olacak
C) koymuş durumda olacak
24. "will track" çevirisi hangisidir?

33. "will have disputed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) izini sürmüş durumda olacak
B) izini sürüyor olacak A) karşı çıkıyor olacak
C) izini sürecek B) karşı çıkmış durumda olacak
C) karşı çıkacak
25. "won't defeat" çevirisi hangisidir?

34. "will have wet" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yenmeyecek
B) yenmemiş durumda olacak A) ıslatacak
C) yenmiyor olacak B) ıslatıyor olacak
C) ıslatmış durumda olacak
35. "will have calculated" çevirisi hangisidir? 38. "will be mixing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) hesaplıyor olacak A) karıştırmış durumda olacak

B) hesaplayacak B) karıştıracak
C) hesaplamış durumda olacak C) karıştırıyor olacak
36. "will have been crawling" çevirisi 39. "won't have been participating" çevirisi
hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) emekliyor olacak A) katılmayacak

B) emekleyecek B) katılmıyor olacak
C) emeklemiş durumda olacak C) katılmamış durumda olacak
37. "will have been attending" çevirisi 40. "will be commenting" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) yorum yapıyor olacak
A) katılacak B) yorum yapacak
B) katılmış durumda olacak C) yorum yapmış durumda olacak
C) katılıyor olacak
Bu alıştırmada future tense'lerle ilgili örnek cümleler anlatılmaktadır.
1: A Category 4 or 5 hurricane is going to be almost 6: The dam will have started producing electricity by
complete destruction. the end of July.
TR: TR:
2: In a hundred years' time, people will be going to 7: Non-renewable resources are limited and will expire
Mars for their holidays. one day.
TR: TR:
8: Intelligent robots will have been ruling the world for

3: Because of the bad weather, aeroplanes are not years in 2100.
going to take off tomorrow. TR:
TR:
9: By 2030, humans will once again walk on the

4: The armies will have been fighting for four years by surface of the moon.
the end of this month. TR:
TR:
10: By next June, the best-selling author will have

5: The governor will be giving an interview right after published her second book.
the news. TR:
TR:
Bu alıştırmada future tense'lerle ilgili örnek cümleler anlatılmaktadır.
1: A small amount of sugar isn’t going to cause 11: By 2030, scientists will discover a clean-energy
considerable problems for most people. breakthrough to power our world.
TR: TR:
2: This time next week the snow will be melting and 12: By noon tomorrow, we will have travelled more than
skiing will be over. thousand kilometres.
TR: TR:
3: By the next elections, this government will have 13: The total capacity of the ethanol industry will have
been running the country for four years. risen to 15 billion by 2019.
TR: TR:
4: By the year 2023, the Republic of Turkey will be 14: She will be sending out her invitations at the last
living for 100 years. minute again.
TR: TR:
15: By mid-century, 85% of the world's population will

5: By the end of the decade scientists will have be living in developing countries.
discovered a cure for influenza. TR:
TR:
6: The next lunar eclipse is going to happen on Jan. 16: Social media is going to have different advantages
21, 2019. for all industries.
TR: TR:
7: The sea ice decline is going to continue through the 17: A record number of over 400,000 Chinese tourists
end of the century. will have visited Turkey in 2018.
TR: TR:
8: The hard economic conditions in the country will

18: The weather will likely remain sunny for the coming
increase the suicide rate.
week.
TR:
TR:
9: Next year, he will have been programming 19: By 2080, people will have been taking pictures for
computers for 16 years. 150 years.
TR: TR:
10: Unfortunately, sea levels will still be rising in 20 20: The atomic power station will produce enough
years. energy for three large cities.
TR: TR:
Bu alıştırmada future tense'ler karşılaştırmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. By this time next week, we ---- over 3,000 km. 6. By next June, I ---- in London for ten years.
A) will travel A) will be

B) will have travelled B) will have been
2. When you arrive home from work next 7. I have been calling my friends all morning to
Friday night, I ---- . tell them there ---- a party.
A) will sleep A) won't be

B) will be sleeping B) won't have been
3. The children ---- all the cake before their 8. I ---- when you arrive home from work next
mother comes. Friday night.
A) will have eaten A) will have been sleeping
B) will have been eating B) will be sleeping
4. By the end of this week, we ---- on the project 9. We ---- how to water ski by the end of the
for a month. course.
A) will be working A) will have learnt
B) will have been working B) will be learning
5. The mayor ---- her work when the power 10. They ---- all the books by the time we get
goes out at the scheduled time tomorrow. there.
A) will have finished up A) will have sold
B) will be finishing up B) will sell
Bu alıştırmada future tense'ler karşılaştırmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. Princess Anne ---- the new hospital in a few 10. I ---- to Madrid next week, so I can give you a
weeks. lift.
A) will be opening A) will drive
B) will open B) will have driven
2. They ---- presentations in class when the 11. I ---- bed now. Good night!
practice fire alarm rings at 2 p.m.
A) am going to
A) will be doing B) will have been going
B) will have been doing
12. By the time I start my shift, Dr. Frazier ---- for

3. It's strange that when we get to Sydney, we -- 18 hours straight.
-- half way across the world.
A) will have been working
A) will have flown B) will be working
B) will fly
13. You'll be late for the train . I ---- you to the

4. I ---- out now because it is raining and I don't station if you like.
have an umbrella.
A) will drive
A) won't be going B) will have will driven
B) won't go
14. I think I ---- and take a walk.

5. When the power goes out at the scheduled
time tomorrow, the mayor ---- her work. A) will go
B) will have gone
A) will be finishing up
B) will have been finishing up
15. I ---- by the library on my way to work. Do
you want me to drop off your books?
6. Today is Tuesday. Jack says he ---- his
assignments by the end of the week. A) will be going
B) will have been going
A) will have finished
B) will finish
16. By 2025 I ----- in London for sixteen years.
7. I ---- in London next year, doing the same old A) will have been living
job. B) will be living
A) will be
B) will have been 17. By next July he ---- school.
A) will have finished

8. The fire ---- the whole building before the B) will finish
firemen arrive.
A) will have been destroying 18. They ---- baseball after school.
B) will have destroyed
A) will play
B) will have played
9. If you need me, I ---- in the conference room.
A) will have been working 19. The secretary ---- all the letters by this
B) will be working afternoon.
A) will have posted
B) will post
20. By this time next year you ---- your English
exam.
A) will have passed

B) will pass
Tense Revision
Bu ünitede tense'ler karşılaştırmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
• Table of All Tenses

• vs Questions
Table of All Tenses > all tenses
Bu listede İngilizce'deki tüm tenselerin tablosu yer almaktadır.
Present Tenses
Simple Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
am Ving
have V3 have been Ving
V1 is Ving
has V3 has been Ving
are Ving
yapar yapıyor yapmış durumda yapıyor
am not Ving
don't V1 haven't V3 haven't been Ving
isn't Ving
doesn't V1 hasn't V3 hasn't been Ving
aren't Ving
yapmaz yapmıyor yapmamış durumda yapmıyor
Past Tenses
Simple Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous
was Ving
V2 had V3 had been Ving
were Ving
yaptı yapıyordu yapmış durumdaydı yapıyordu
wasn't Ving
didn't V1 hadn't V3 hadn't been Ving
weren't Ving
yapmadı yapmıyordu yapmamış durumdaydı yapmıyordu
Future Tenses
Simple Future Future Perfect

Simple Future Future Perfect
Continuous Continuous
will V1 will be Ving will have V3 will have been Ving
yapacak yapıyor olacak yapmış durumda olacak yapıyor olacak
won't V1 won't be Ving won't have V3 won't have been Ving
yapmayacak yapmıyor olacak yapmamış durumda yapmıyor olacak
olacak
Bu alıştırmada tüm tense'lerin adları ve yazılışları karışık olarak test edilmektedir.
1. Past Perfect Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz. 8. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) will have been granting A) will be hanging

B) had compromised B) will have paired
C) won't have been bursting into C) have propelled
D) had been voicing D) hasn't been setting down
2. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz. 9. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) held up A) has been adding

B) won't have been passing on B) knew
C) won't reply C) hadn't coexisted
D) have been keeping off D) alleges
3. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 10. Simple Present Continuous olanı

işaretleyiniz.
A) won't have been impelling
B) were voyaging A) will have cared about
C) will have frowned B) are misunderstanding
D) won't be conducting C) will succeed
D) had been agreeing with
4. Simple Past Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.

11. Simple Future Continuous olanı
A) had spelled işaretleyiniz.
B) were knowing
A) challenge
C) had been responding
B) hadn't been subscribing to
D) aren't introducing
C) will have been recommending
D) will be prompting
5. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) had been miscarrying 12. Future Perfect Continuous olanı
B) don't burst işaretleyiniz.
C) hadn't used up
A) had been confirming
D) won't bring
B) had been adjourning
C) is raiding
6. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz. D) will have been slaughtering
A) proclaim
B) will eradicate 13. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz.
C) isn't outliving
A) were straining
D) had been gaining
B) claimed
C) will be backing
7. Simple Past Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz. D) will balance
A) will reign
B) will prosper 14. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
C) was waiting
A) had been recalling
D) will have cleared
B) hasn't been outpacing
C) will have been warding off
D) hadn't anticipated
15. Simple Present Continuous olanı 18. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.
işaretleyiniz.
A) will dig
A) don't widen B) spray
B) aren't serving C) smile
C) has been justifying D) determines
D) has been whispering
19. Present Perfect Continuous olanı

16. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. işaretleyiniz.
A) have increased A) had been undergoing
B) were patenting B) has visited
C) will have planted C) will be easing
D) will be diminishing D) has been baking
17. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 20. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) is forming A) will have been acting
B) won't have poured down B) hadn't terrorized
C) bottles C) forwarded
D) don't marry D) had been bribing
1. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz. 8. Future Perfect Continuous olanı

işaretleyiniz.
A) has been bringing up
B) didn't adapt A) won't dress
C) will be setting aside B) won't have been spiting
D) will be powering C) will be stinging
D) hasn't been leaning
2. Future Perfect Continuous olanı

işaretleyiniz. 9. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) won't contradict A) faint
B) had been banding together B) will extinguish
C) had aided C) handed out
D) won't have been sabotaging D) had been plugging
3. Future Perfect Continuous olanı 10. Present Perfect Continuous olanı

işaretleyiniz. işaretleyiniz.
A) will pass by A) hasn't been worsening
B) had been peeling B) had defended
C) doesn't experience C) weren't excluding
D) won't have been bumping D) doesn't revolve
4. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 11. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.

A) worships A) will be tricking
B) had swept B) have been lengthening
C) were gazing C) didn't cleanse
D) hadn't been smiling D) will run off with
5. Present Perfect Continuous olanı 12. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.

işaretleyiniz.
A) will have compelled
A) won't be exhibiting B) will have been telephoning
B) are catching up with C) had allowed
C) won't have been landing D) will have been struggling
D) has been adjusting
13. Simple Present Continuous olanı

6. Simple Future Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
işaretleyiniz.
A) will applaud
A) hasn't been fasting B) is appreciating
B) won't be hosting C) have been coming up
C) are coming D) will have come apart
D) won't speed up
14. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.

7. Simple Present Continuous olanı
işaretleyiniz. A) will constrict
B) will be assigning
A) aren't exhaling
C) had called
B) won't have been playing
D) had been intervening
C) has been sprinting
D) had been wandering
15. Simple Past Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz. 22. Simple Past Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) were swimming A) was memorizing

B) won't be coming together B) won't show off
C) hadn't kept on C) will level
D) had protested D) will have wound
16. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 23. Past Perfect Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) have tended A) had discouraged

B) were banning B) had been posting
C) hadn't brought forward C) will have been launching
D) will be safeguarding D) have suited
17. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 24. Simple Future Continuous olanı
işaretleyiniz.
A) have been pervading
B) haven't thrown A) had been working
C) will have set down B) gain
D) blend C) will be packaging
D) haven't dwelled on
18. Simple Future Continuous olanı

işaretleyiniz. 25. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) won't be exposing A) opposed
B) will have bumped B) won't pressure
C) are caring about C) has been unloading
D) hadn't denied D) will have been cloning
19. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 26. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) give birth to A) had been converting
B) won't have been helping B) had eaten away
C) won't have been passing on C) will enclose
D) has been letting down D) will be walking
20. Simple Present Continuous olanı 27. Past Perfect Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
işaretleyiniz.
A) hadn't housed
A) will hug B) will have climbed
B) won't have divided C) won't be invading
C) had been accessing D) had been watching out for
D) are curing
28. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz.

21. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) has dragged
A) are stepping up B) won't dump
B) brought on C) advance
C) look out for D) will have rioted
D) aren't aborting
29. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 35. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) have abandoned A) will express
B) has been whitening B) will have been personalizing
C) haven't been establishing C) won't be miscarrying
D) were innovating D) doesn't do well
30. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 36. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) hadn't existed A) will have been receiving

B) hadn't contaminated B) won't have been signing
C) subjected C) haven't discontinued
D) doesn't impress D) flattened
31. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 37. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) have been commuting A) is likening

B) have been dropping in B) will have been lying
C) wasn't expecting C) have mentioned
D) hadn't transferred D) don't deepen
32. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 38. Past Perfect Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) was taking up A) hadn't been thinking

B) has been censoring B) will have been archiving
C) won't be demanding C) are spraying
D) hadn't disguised D) bonded
33. Present Perfect Continuous olanı 39. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
işaretleyiniz.
A) will be grouping
A) has implied B) hasn't stored
B) has been detaining C) were exhibiting
C) came from D) will have fallen back on
D) haven't dismayed
40. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz.

34. Simple Past Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) missed
A) were endeavouring B) don't restrict
B) will be betraying C) will plan
C) aren't advertising D) won't guard
D) are strengthening
1. "hadn't boasted" hangi tense'dir? 8. "hadn't been endeavouring" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) future perfect

B) simple present B) past perfect continuous
C) past perfect C) simple past
D) present perfect D) simple future
2. "weren't keeping" hangi tense'dir? 9. "won't have thrown up" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) simple present

B) future perfect continuous B) present perfect
C) future perfect C) future perfect
D) simple future continuous D) past perfect continuous
3. "has been appreciating" hangi tense'dir? 10. "hasn't modelled" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) simple past

B) present perfect continuous B) simple present continuous
C) simple future continuous C) past perfect
D) past perfect D) present perfect
4. "will have been stamping" hangi tense'dir? 11. "have expanded" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) simple present

B) simple present B) simple future
C) future perfect continuous C) present perfect
D) present perfect continuous D) future perfect
5. "was outliving" hangi tense'dir? 12. "will be sailing" hangi tense'dir?

B) past perfect B) simple future continuous
C) simple past continuous C) simple future
D) simple future D) simple present
6. "measure" hangi tense'dir? 13. "will have conversed" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect A) simple past

B) future perfect B) simple present
C) simple present C) past perfect continuous
D) simple past D) future perfect
7. "will resist" hangi tense'dir? 14. "swept away" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous A) future perfect

C) present perfect continuous C) future perfect continuous
D) simple future D) simple past
15. "isn't walking" hangi tense'dir? 18. "didn't struggle" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) future perfect continuous

C) present perfect C) past perfect continuous
D) simple future continuous D) simple past
16. "won't dry up" hangi tense'dir? 19. "are caring for" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous A) past perfect
B) simple future continuous B) present perfect
C) simple future C) simple future continuous
D) future perfect D) simple present continuous
17. "had faxed" hangi tense'dir? 20. "dare" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect A) simple present

B) simple future B) past perfect
C) future perfect continuous C) simple past continuous
D) past perfect continuous D) past perfect continuous
1. "will pursue" hangi tense'dir? 8. "has been frying" hangi tense'dir?

A) past perfect A) simple future
C) simple future continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present D) past perfect
2. "spray" hangi tense'dir? 9. "had been detailing" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) past perfect continuous

B) simple present B) simple past continuous
C) simple future C) simple present continuous
D) simple present continuous D) past perfect
3. "weren't sponsoring" hangi tense'dir? 10. "isn't launching" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous A) simple future continuous

B) present perfect continuous B) simple past continuous
C) present perfect C) simple future
D) simple past continuous D) simple present continuous
4. "had occurred" hangi tense'dir? 11. "mails" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect A) present perfect continuous

B) future perfect B) present perfect
C) simple future continuous C) past perfect
D) simple present D) simple present
5. "hadn't been weakening" hangi tense'dir? 12. "will have been wasting" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) future perfect continuous

B) past perfect B) present perfect
C) future perfect continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) future perfect D) past perfect continuous
6. "tore" hangi tense'dir? 13. "haven't reflected" hangi tense'dir?

A) simple past A) present perfect
B) future perfect B) future perfect
C) present perfect C) simple past continuous
D) simple past continuous D) simple future
7. "didn't type" hangi tense'dir? 14. "have ended" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future A) present perfect

B) simple future continuous B) simple future
C) simple past C) future perfect
D) simple present D) simple past
15. "has worsened" hangi tense'dir? 22. "will have been running off with" hangi
tense'dir?
A) simple past
B) present perfect A) future perfect continuous
C) simple past continuous B) simple past continuous
D) simple present C) simple future continuous
D) simple present
16. "had dissolved" hangi tense'dir?

23. "hadn't kept up with" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect
B) past perfect continuous A) present perfect
C) simple future B) simple past continuous
D) past perfect C) simple present continuous
D) past perfect
17. "won't have been rejecting" hangi tense'dir?

24. "took advantage of" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous
B) simple future A) past perfect
C) future perfect continuous B) simple present continuous
D) present perfect continuous C) simple past
D) simple future
18. "don't forge" hangi tense'dir?

25. "had been conveying" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect
B) past perfect continuous A) past perfect continuous
C) simple present B) simple present
D) simple past continuous C) past perfect
D) simple past
19. "doesn't refund" hangi tense'dir?

26. "will have got on well" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous
B) simple present A) future perfect
C) simple past B) simple present continuous
D) simple present continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present
20. "are domesticating" hangi tense'dir?

27. "will be cycling" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous
B) simple future A) present perfect continuous
C) simple past B) simple future continuous
D) simple past continuous C) future perfect continuous
D) future perfect
21. "is transmitting" hangi tense'dir?

28. "wasn't taking" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous
B) simple present A) simple past continuous
C) future perfect B) present perfect continuous
D) simple past continuous C) present perfect
D) simple past
29. "won't have flooded" hangi tense'dir? 35. "will be emphasizing" hangi tense'dir?
B) past perfect continuous B) simple present
D) past perfect D) present perfect
30. "will mobilize" hangi tense'dir? 36. "has been locking" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) present perfect continuous

B) present perfect B) simple past continuous
D) future perfect continuous D) simple present
31. "will have persisted" hangi tense'dir? 37. "won't mess" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple future B) past perfect
C) future perfect C) simple future
D) simple future continuous D) simple present continuous
32. "won't be facing" hangi tense'dir? 38. "hasn't been requiring" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) simple future continuous

B) simple future continuous B) present perfect continuous
C) simple present continuous C) simple future
33. "hasn't quested" hangi tense'dir? 39. "horrified" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) simple present

B) simple future continuous B) simple past
C) simple present C) future perfect continuous
D) present perfect continuous D) simple future continuous
34. "were turning off" hangi tense'dir? 40. "won't tidy" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous A) present perfect
C) simple past continuous C) simple past
D) past perfect D) simple present
Bu alıştırma tüm tense'lerin karşılaştırmalı olarak çevirisini pekiştirebilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. "had been expanding" çevirisi hangisidir? 8. "are matching" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) genişliyordu A) eşleşmiş durumda

B) genişler B) eşleşir
C) genişliyor C) eşleşiyor
D) genişleyecek D) eşleşiyor olacak
2. "will have been wearing" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "clicked" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) giymiş durumdaydı A) tık sesi çıkardı

B) giydi B) tık sesi çıkarır
C) giyiyor olacak C) tık sesi çıkaracak
D) giyecek D) tık sesi çıkarıyor
3. "was adopting" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "won't achieve" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) evlat edindi A) başarmıyor

B) evlat edinmiş durumdaydı B) başarmıyor olacak
C) evlat ediniyordu C) başarmamış durumda
D) evlat ediniyor D) başarmayacak
4. "will have captivated" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "were impairing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) etkileyecek A) zarar veriyordu

B) etkiler B) zarar verdi
C) etkilemiş durumda C) zarar veriyor
D) etkilemiş durumda olacak D) zarar vermiş durumdaydı
5. "will anticipate" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "had overreacted" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) merakla bekliyor olacak A) aşırı tepki verdi
B) merakla bekleyecek B) aşırı tepki veriyordu
C) merakla bekliyor C) aşırı tepki vermiş durumda
D) merakla bekledi D) aşırı tepki vermiş durumdaydı
6. "send" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "hadn't watched" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gönderir A) izlemiyor
B) gönderiyordu B) izlemiyordu
C) gönderecek C) izlememiş durumdaydı
D) gönderdi D) izlememiş durumda olacak
7. "made" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "have been affecting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yapıyor A) etkiliyor
B) yapar B) etkiler
C) yapıyordu C) etkiliyordu
D) yaptı D) etkiledi
15. "has hunted" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "is cooling" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) avlıyor A) soğutmuş durumda

B) avlamış durumda B) soğutuyor
C) avlıyordu C) soğutuyor olacak
D) avlar D) soğutur
16. "will have refreshed" çevirisi hangisidir? 19. "will be sheltering" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) serinletecek A) sığınmış durumda
B) serinletiyor B) sığınıyor
C) serinletmiş durumda olacak C) sığınacak
D) serinletmiş durumda D) sığınıyor olacak
17. "corresponds" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "have run" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) birbirine uyuyor A) koşar

B) birbirine uydu B) koşuyordu
C) birbirine uyar C) koşmuş durumda
D) birbirine uyuyordu D) koşacak
Bu alıştırma tüm tense'lerin karşılaştırmalı olarak çevirisini pekiştirebilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. "will have captured" çevirisi hangisidir? 8. "will be torturing" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) ele geçiriyor olacak A) işkence ediyor
B) ele geçirmiş durumda olacak B) işkence edecek
C) ele geçirir C) işkence ediyor olacak
D) ele geçirmiş durumda D) işkence etmiş durumda
2. "will set up" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "are helping" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kurmuş durumda A) yardım ediyor olacak

B) kuracak B) yardım ediyor
C) kuruyor C) yardım etmiş durumda
D) kuruyor olacak D) yardım eder
3. "were hunting" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "didn't set down" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) avlıyordu A) ayarlamıyor
B) avladı B) ayarlamaz
C) avlıyor C) ayarlamadı
D) avlamış durumdaydı D) ayarlamayacak
4. "will be orbiting" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "had been commanding" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) etrafında dönüyor A) emrediyor

B) etrafında dönüyor olacak B) emrediyordu
C) etrafında dönecek C) emreder
D) etrafında dönmüş durumda D) emretti
5. "had mailed" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "had applauded" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) postayla gönderiyor A) alkışlamış durumdaydı

B) postayla göndermiş durumdaydı B) alkışladı
C) postayla göndermiş durumda C) alkışlıyor olacak
D) postayla gönderdi D) alkışlamış durumda
6. "have been scaring" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "had been blowing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) korkutur A) esiyordu
B) korkutuyordu B) esti
C) korkutuyor C) esiyor olacak
D) korkuttu D) esiyor
7. "wasn't worsening" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "hasn't collapsed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kötüleşmiyor A) yıkmadı
B) kötüleşmedi B) yıkmamış durumda olacak
C) kötüleşmemiş durumdaydı C) yıkmamış durumda
D) kötüleşmiyordu D) yıkmıyordu
15. "ate away" çevirisi hangisidir? 22. "will empower" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) içi içini yedi A) yetki vermiş durumda olacak

B) içi içini yer B) yetki verecek
C) içi içini yiyecek C) yetki veriyor
D) içi içini yemiş D) yetki verir
16. "will have been influencing" çevirisi 23. "comes" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) geldi
A) etkiliyordu B) geliyordu
B) etkiliyor C) geliyor
C) etkileyecek D) gelir
D) etkiliyor olacak
24. "hasn't deduced" çevirisi hangisidir?

17. "cycled" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sonuç çıkarmamış durumda olacak
A) bisiklete biner B) sonuç çıkarmıyor
B) bisiklete biniyor C) sonuç çıkarmaz
C) bisiklete binecek D) sonuç çıkarmamış durumda
D) bisiklete bindi
25. "didn't memorize" çevirisi hangisidir?

18. "isn't driving" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ezberlemiyor
A) sürmemiş durumda B) ezberlemedi
B) sürmeyecek C) ezberlemez
C) sürmez D) ezberlemeyecek
D) sürmüyor
26. "bind" çevirisi hangisidir?

19. "will seal" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bağladı
A) tıkıyor olacak B) bağlıyor
B) tıkıyor C) bağlar
C) tıkayacak D) bağlayacak
D) tıkadı
27. "will have covered" çevirisi hangisidir?

20. "pour down" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kaplamış durumda
A) döküyor B) kaplamış durumda olacak
B) döküyor olacak C) kaplıyor olacak
C) dökecek D) kaplayacak
D) döker
28. "haven't been summarizing" çevirisi

21. "will tie up" çevirisi hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) bağlayacak A) özetlemiyor
B) bağlamış durumda olacak B) özetlemiyordu
C) bağlıyor C) özetlemez
D) bağlar D) özetlemeyecek
29. "doesn't fall asleep" çevirisi hangisidir? 35. "will have been withdrawing" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) uykuya dalmıyor
B) uykuya dalmaz A) para çekecek
C) uykuya dalmayacak B) para çekiyor olacak
D) uykuya dalmadı C) para çekti
D) para çeker
30. "hadn't been shaving" çevirisi hangisidir?

36. "has fulfilled" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tıraş olmuyordu
B) tıraş olmadı A) yerine getirmiş durumda
C) tıraş olmayacak B) yerine getiriyordu
D) tıraş olmuyor C) yerine getirir
D) yerine getirmiş durumda
31. "will be asking" çevirisi hangisidir?

37. "have been robing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) soruyor olacak
B) soracak A) soyuyor
C) soruyordu B) soyuyordu
D) sormuş durumda C) soydu
D) soyuyor olacak
32. "will have been ironing" çevirisi hangisidir?

38. "have delivered" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ütülüyor olacak
B) ütüler A) teslim ediyordu
C) ütüleyecek B) teslim ediyor
D) ütülemiş durumda C) teslim etmiş durumda olacak
D) teslim etmiş durumda
33. "is releasing" çevirisi hangisidir?

39. "will have moisturized" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) salıyor
B) salar A) nemlendirmiş durumda olacak
C) salmış durumda B) nemlendirmiş durumda
D) salıyor olacak C) nemlendiriyor olacak
D) nemlendirir
34. "was understanding" çevirisi hangisidir?

40. "had withheld" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) anlıyor
B) anlamış durumdaydı A) esirger
C) anlıyordu B) esirgedi
D) anladı C) esirgemiş durumdaydı
D) esirgemiş durumda
Bu alıştırmada tüm tense'ler karşılaştırmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. John's parents ---- in Germany for a long 10. The children were wet when they came home
time. because they ---- football in the rain.
A) have been living A) were playing
B) had been living B) had been playing
2. She ---- 12 books so far, and the thirteenth is 11. The Pilgrims only ---- America after they ----
on the way. the Atlantic for 66 days.
A) has written A) reached / had sailed
B) wrote B) was reaching / had been sailing
3. A:- Where is she? 12. George ---- a shower when someone

B:- She ---- to the supermarket. suddenly knocked at the door.
A) has gone A) was having
B) went B) is having
4. The girl ---- her mother to New York the day 13. By the time the teacher comes in, we ----
before yesterday. down all the new words.
A) drove A) will have written

B) drives B) have written
5. I ---- there for three hours when at last it was 14. He ---- French for ten years. Two years ago
my turn to speak to the official. he started with German.
A) have been standing A) has studied

B) had been standing B) studied
6. Mum ---- in the garden the whole day. 15. Once this room is finished, we ---- six of the
seven rooms in the house. Not bad for two
A) has been working days' work.
B) is working
A) will paint
B) will have painted
7. Oh be quite! You ---- always ---- about
something.
16. If I don't have too much work to do this year,
A) will / be complaining I think I will have finished the novels I ---- to
B) are / complaining write.
A) am planning
8. I ---- Istanbul before; I am planning to go B) was planning
there this summer.
A) have never visited 17. They were good friends . They ---- each other
B) never visited for quite a long time
A) had known
9. When the water ---- to a boil, add salt. B) have known
A) comes
B) will come 18. I'm tired of waiting for him. Soon we ---- here
for an hour.
A) will be waiting
B) will have been waiting
19. David feels great these days. He ---- up early 23. Sharon loves to travel. She ---- abroad
lately. almost every summer.
A) has been getting A) has gone

B) has got B) goes
20. We ---- them after they ---- each other. 24. Watch out for cars when you ---- the street.
A) met / had divorced A) cross

B) had met / divorced B) will cross
21. David and Nick ---- trees when Davis fell and 25. I was watching a scary movie when
broke his arm. suddenly my mobile phone ----.
A) were climbing A) rings
B) climbed B) rang
22. I usually ---- the children a story before they

go to bed.
A) am telling
B) tell
Bu alıştırmada tüm tense'ler karşılaştırmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. When the whistle ----, the race ----. 10. We ---- a car for ten years before it broke
down.
A) will blow / start
B) blows / will start A) had had
B) have had
2. I haven't lived in France since my cousin ----

almost ten yeas ago. 11. Sam ---- in San Diego last week.
A) died A) arrived
B) has died B) arrives
3. The bridge still isn't finished. They ---- it for 12. The film ---- by the time we get home.
six years.
A) will have started
A) have been building B) will start
B) had been building
13. Next year, I ---- in the company for 10 years.

4. I ---- my great grandmother for a few years;
she died when I was eight. A) will be working
B) will have been working
A) have known
B) knew
14. Hurry up! The symphony ---- .
5. Sonia was hit by a car when she --- to A) has already begun
school. B) will have already begun
A) was cycling
B) is cycling 15. We ---- on this project for a month before we
---- a fundamental flaw.
6. I usually ---- as a secretary but this summer I A) had been working / found
am going to America to study art. B) were working / had found
A) have worked
B) work 16. We usually ---- coffee, but we haven't drunk
any for more than a week.
7. They ---- here for a long time. A) drink

B) drank
A) have lived
B) had lived
17. The cat ---- anything since yesterday.
8. She needed some exercise because she ---- A) has not eaten
in an office all day in front of a computer. B) had not eaten
A) had been sitting
B) had sat 18. We're too late. The programme ---- .
A) has finished
9. He ---- less than an hour when he ran out of B) had finished
petrol.
A) were driving 19. This time next week, we ---- a party.

B) had been driving
A) will be having
B) have had
20. He usually ---- home at 9.00 o'clock but today 26. We ---- married next Tuesday.
he is leaving later.
A) will get
A) leaves B) get
B) left
27. Halina ---- the saxophone since she was 12.

21. She ---- in Paris when she was a child.
A) has played
A) has lived B) played
B) lived
28. Kevin suddenly ---- that he had left his

22. Carl ---- six countries so far. mobile phone on the train.
A) has visited A) realised / had left
B) has been visiting B) had realised / left
23. Two men ---- outside so I went to see what it 29. They ---- in the garden since dinner time.
was.
A) are playing
A) were arguing B) have been playing
B) are arguing
30. Her hand ---- hurting because she ----

24. My grandmother ---- in the park every day. computer games all day.
A) is walking A) started / had been playing

B) walks B) had been starting / played
25. Shakespeare ---- a lot of plays and poems.
A) writes
B) wrote
Modals
Bu ünitede modalların anlamları, çevirileri ve kullanım yerleri anlatılmaktadır.
• List of Modals
• Meaning Recognition 1
• Meaning Recognition 2
• Mood Recognition
• Time Recognition
• Simple Modal Examples
• Perfect Modal Examples
• vs Questions
List of Modals > zorunluluk
Present Zorunluluk Bildiren Modal'lar
must do yapmalı
present / future
(mustn't do) (yapmamalı)
You must stop when the traffic lights turn red.
You mustn’t let him hear about the party tomorrow. It’s a surprise!
You must finish your assignment by tomorrow.
It smells smoke. There must be a fire somewhere in the building.
We mustn’t miss the train, it’s the last one tonight.
He must be over 80, because he fought in World War II.
should do
(shouldn't do)
yapmalı
present / future
(yapmamalı)
ought to do
(oughtn't to do)
You should lock the door when you leave home.
You should visit your dentist at least twice a year.
You look terrible. You should see a doctor.
Everybody should wear seat belts while they are driving a car.
It looks like rain. We ought to shut the windows.
You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.
had better do yapsa iyi olur

present / future
(had better not do) (yapmasa iyi olur)
You had better not be so noisy. Everybody is sleeping.
You had better take this medicine, or you won’t get well.
The gas tank is almost empty. We had better stop at the next gas station.
have to do
(don't have to do)
yapmak zorunda
present
(yapmak zorunda değil)
has to do
(doesn't have to do)
will have to do yapmak zorunda kalacak

future
(won't have to do) (yapmak zorunda kalmayacak)
There has to be some reason for his failure.
There is no elevator to success. You have to take the stairs.
In her new job, She will have to work with clients from all over the world.
You have to take off your shoes before you get into the mosque.
He doesn't have to get up early at the weekend.
The museum is free. You don’t have to pay to get in.
need to do yapmak zorunda present

(don't need to do) (yapmak zorunda değil)
needs to do
(doesn't need to do)
will need to do yapmak zorunda kalacak
future
(won't need to do) (yapmak zorunda kalmayacak)
I need to spend more time with my children because I've been so busy lately.
She doesn't need to worry about her grades. She's a great student.
I will need to look after my little sister when my parents are away.
I don’t need to buy tomatoes. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge.
You don’t need to go to the post office. I have already posted the letters.
Past Zorunluluk Bildiren Modal'lar
had to do yapmak zorunda kaldı

past
(didn't have to do) (yapmak zorunda kalmadı)
When my mother was young, she had to wash the clothes by hand.
At last, the enemy had to accept defeat.
I didn't have to get up early yesterday, because it was my off day.
needed to do yapmak zorunda kaldı

past
(didn't need to do) (yapmak zorunda kalmadı)
When she had an accident, she needed to stay in hospital for ten days.
We ran out of time and needed to cut short the interview.
Because it was raining, we needed to cancel the class picnic.
List of Modals > azarlama
Past Azarlama Bildiren Modal'lar
should have done

(shouldn't have done)
yapmalıydı
past
(yapmamalıydı)
ought to have done
(oughtn't to have done)
Turkey should have banned smoking in public places long ago.
You should have asked for permission before you started.
Lucy should have left earlier. She missed her flight.
You ought to have come to the meeting. It was interesting.
You failed the exam; you ought to have studied harder.
List of Modals > yetenek
Present Yetenek Bildiren Modal'lar
can do yapabilir
present / future
(can't do) (yapamaz)
A computer can solve complicated problems at incredibly high speeds.
My mother can cook all the Mexican dishes.
Books of all types can give us useful information.
The new manager can speak several languages fluently.
We can't do this by ourselves; we need to get some advice from the experts.
You can't go against the laws of nature.
Dolphins can hear sounds from up to 24 kilometers away under water.
am able to do
(am unable to do)
is able to do yapabilir
present
(is unable to do) (yapamaz)
are able to do
(are unable to do)
will be able to do yapabilecek

future
(won't be able to do) (yapamayacak)
Most birds are able to fly.
When he finishes university, he will be able to find a job easily.
The brain is unable to store glucose, and so must have a continuous supply.
Ravens are able to imitate sounds of other birds.
Most of the 15-month-old children are able to walk without holding on to anything.
Past Yetenek Bildiren Modal'lar
was able to do
(was unable to do)
yapabiliyordu
past
(yapamıyordu)
were able to do
(were unable to do)
The fire spread through the building very quickly, but fortunately everybody was able to escape.
The doctors were unable to pinpoint the cause of hypertension.
In 1990, Japan sent a spacecraft to the Moon, but it failed and was unable to land.
My son has always been an intelligent child; he was able to read long before he started school.
could do yapabiliyordu
past
(couldn't do) (yapamıyordu)
They couldn’t get married because their parents didn’t approve of their marriage.
I could ride a horse when I was younger but now I can't.
Philip was an excellent tennis player, and he could beat anybody.
They couldn’t hear him because he was whispering.
could have done yapabilirdi

past
(couldn't have done) (yapamazdı)
Andrew could have gone to Cambridge University, but he decided to travel instead.
They could have won the football match, but John hurt his ankle.
He couldn’t have passed because you hadn’t studied enough.
List of Modals > ihtimal
Present ihtimal bildiren modal'lar
may do
(may not do)
might do yapabilir
present / future
(might not do) (yapmayabilir)
could do
(couldn't do)
A lack of vitamin D may cause depression in some people.
Highway accidents may paralyse traffic for hours.
Caffeine may raise your blood pressure and increase your heart rate.
The surgery might be life-threatening.
Some changes in government policy might affect the economy.
There might be life on the moon.
About 40,000 Canadian lakes could die because of the acid rain.
High sea levels could cause the mass extinction of land species.
Even tiniest piece of this mushroom could kill you; don't taste it.
Past ihtimal bildiren modal'lar
may have done yapmış olabilir past

(may not have done) (yapmamış olabilir)
might have done
(might not have done)
could have done

(couldn't have done)
The origin of the AIDS virus is uncertain, but it may have originated in Central Africa.
I can’t find my purse anywhere. Oh, I may have left it in the shop.
He had an accident. We aren’t sure why, but he may have been asleep at the wheel.
He might have lost his memory. He doesn’t remember anything at all.
Our neighbours might have heard some noises when our car was stolen.
The Romans might have established some of the first hospitals in Europe.
He could have paid all his debts, but I don’t think he did.
Huge volcanic eruptions could have killed tens of thousands of dinosaurs.
The old man could have been wounded in the accident.
must have done yapmış olmalı

past
(mustn't have done) (yapmamış olmalı)
The smoke is coming from the fifth floor. The fire must have started there.
Modern astronomy must have started with the invention of the telescope.
Frogs and insects must have evolved from a common ancestor.
can't have done yapmış olamaz past
You can’t have seen him at home yesterday. He was here with me all day.
You can't have done this on your own; only a computer expert could have done such a thing.
She can’t have left the house yet because her car is still outside.
List of Modals > used to
Past Alışkanlık
introduction
used to do yapardı
past
(didn't use to do) (yapmazdı)
They used to live in New York, but now they live in Malta.
He used to smoke a cigarette, but he doesn’t anymore.
When I was at school, we used to have homework every night.
My mother used to read a lot of detective stories, but she doesn’t anymore.
List of Modals > would
would do yapacak
past (will'in past hali)
(wouldn't do) (yapmayacak)
They said they would visit us tomorrow.
Before World War I, it was hoped it would be the war to end all wars.
He couldn't foresee that his inventions would be abused.
He wondered what the repairs would cost.
would do yapardı
present (unreal present, type 2)
(wouldn't do) (yapmazdı)
Without sunlight, plants would perish.
Can you imagine what our life would be without electricity?
The consequences of a nuclear war would be catastrophic.
Without medical tools, diagnoses would be extremely difficult.
If the ice at Antarctica melted, the sea levels would rise by 200 feet.
would have done yapmış olurdu

past (unreal past, type 3)
(wouldn't have done) (yapmamış olurdu)
Without oxygen, there would have been no life on the Earth.
I would have loaned you the money, but I didn’t have any.
We would have joined you at the restaurant, but we couldn’t get a babysitter.
The inflation would have caused a decline in the value of currency.
If I hadn't overslept, I would have been on time.
I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
I felt really sick last night; otherwise, I would have come to your party.
List of Modals > all modals
must do yapmalı present

zorunluluk
(mustn't do) (yapmamalı) future
must have done yapmış olmalı

past ihtimal
(mustn't have done) (yapmamış olmalı)
should do
(shouldn't do)
yapmalı present
zorunluluk
(yapmamalı) future
ought to do
(oughtn't to do)
should have done

(shouldn't have done)
yapmalıydı
past azarlama
(yapmamalıydı)
ought to have done
(oughtn't to have done)
had better do yapsa iyi olur present

zorunluluk
(had better not do) (yapmasa iyi olur) future
have to do
(don't have to do)
yapmak zorunda
present
has to do
(doesn't have to do)
zorunluluk
yapmak zorunda kalacak
will have to do
(yapmak zorunda future
(won't have to do)
kalmayacak)
had to do yapmak zorunda kaldı

past
(didn't have to do) (yapmak zorunda kalmadı)
need to do
(don't need to do)
yapmak zorunda
present
needs to do
(doesn't need to do)
zorunluluk
yapmak zorunda kalacak
will need to do
(yapmak zorunda future
(won't need to do)
kalmayacak)
needed to do yapmak zorunda kaldı

past
(didn't need to do) (yapmak zorunda kalmadı)
can do yapabilir present

yetenek
(can't do) (yapamaz) future
can't have done yapmış olamaz past ihtimal
am able to do
(am unable to do)
is able to do yapabilir
present
(is unable to do) (yapamaz)
are able to do
(are unable to do)
yetenek
will be able to do yapabilecek
future
(won't be able to do) (yapamayacak)
was able to do
(was unable to do)
yapabiliyordu
past
(yapamıyordu)
were able to do
(were unable to do)
could do yapabiliyordu
past yetenek
(couldn't do) (yapamıyordu)
could do yapabilir present

ihtimal
(couldn't do) (yapmayabilir) future
could have done yapabilirdi

past yetenek
(couldn't have done) (yapamazdı)
could have done yapmış olabilir

past ihtimal
(couldn't have done) (yapmamış olabilir)
may do yapabilir present

(may not do) (yapmayabilir) future
ihtimal
may have done yapmış olabilir
past
(may not have done) (yapmamış olabilir)
might do yapabilir present

(might not do) (yapmayabilir) future
ihtimal
might have done yapmış olabilir
past
(might not have done) (yapmamış olabilir)
used to do yapardı
past alışkanlık
(didn't use to do) (yapmazdı)
would do yapacak
past will'in past hali
(wouldn't do) (yapmayacak)
would do yapardı present unreal present, type 2
(wouldn't do) (yapmazdı)
would have done yapmış olurdu

past unreal past, type 3
(wouldn't have done) (yapmamış olurdu)
Meaning Recognition 1 > introduction
Bu alıştırma modal'ların çevirisini pekiştirmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. "aren't going to implement" çevirisi 9. "must have interested" çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) ilgilendirmeliydi
A) uygulamaya koymayabilir B) ilgilendirmiş olabilir
B) uygulamaya koymayacak C) ilgilendirmiş olmalı
C) uygulamaya koyamaz
10. "shouldn't have bandaged" çevirisi

2. "may complete" çevirisi hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) tamamlayacak A) sargı yapmamış olmalı
B) tamamlamalı B) sargı yapmamış olabilir
C) tamamlayabilir C) sargı yapmamalıydı
3. "would have conducted" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "might have aimed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) düzenlemiş olmalı A) amaçlamış olmalı

B) düzenleyebilirdi B) amaçlamalıydı
C) düzenlemiş olurdu C) amaçlamış olabilir
4. "wouldn't have slept" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "mustn't time" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) uyumamış olmalı A) zamanlamayacaktı

B) uyumamış olurdu B) zamanlamaz
C) uyumamış olabilir C) zamanlamamalı
5. "had better not spread" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "must have postponed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yaymak zorunda değil A) ertelemiş olabilir

B) yaymamalı B) ertelemiş olmalı
C) yaymasa iyi olur C) ertelemeliydi
6. "can't have brought" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "could horrify" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) getirmiş olamaz A) korkutsa iyi olur
B) getirmemeliydi B) korkutmalı
C) getirmemiş olurdu C) korkutabilir
7. "shouldn't guarantee" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "might not have ironed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) garanti vermek zorunda değil A) ütü yapamazdı

B) garanti vermemeli B) ütü yapmamış olabilir
C) garanti vermeyecek C) ütü yapmış olamaz
8. "need to make up" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "can stick" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) oluşturmak zorunda A) yapıştırsa iyi olur

B) oluştursa iyi olur B) yapıştırmalı
C) oluşturmak zorunda olacak C) yapıştırabilir
17. "wouldn't backfire" çevirisi hangisidir? 19. "would have experienced" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) geri tepmeyebilir
B) geri tepmeyecek A) tecrübe etmiş olmalı
C) geri tepmeyecekti B) tecrübe etmiş olabilir
C) tecrübe etmiş olurdu
18. "could proliferate" çevirisi hangisidir?

20. "may have restored" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) hızla artabilir
B) hızla artacak A) onarmış olmalı
C) hızla artmak zorunda B) onarmış olabilir
C) onarmalıydı
Meaning Recognition 1 > homework
1. "shouldn't design" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "don't have to hit" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tasarlamayabilir A) vurmasa iyi olur

B) tasarlamamalı B) vurmak zorunda değil
C) tasarlamayacak C) vurmamalı
2. "will have to dictate" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "isn't going to trust" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) emretmek zorunda olacak A) güvenmeli
B) emretmeli B) güvenmeyecek
C) emredebilir C) güvenebilir
3. "would have divorced" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "wouldn't stay up" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) boşanabilirdi A) geç yatmazdı

B) boşanmış olabilir B) geç yatmasa iyi olur
C) boşanmış olurdu C) geç yatmamalı
4. "would have left" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "need to strike" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ayrılmalıydı A) vurmak zorunda

B) ayrılmış olabilir B) vurmalı
C) ayrılmış olurdu C) vursa iyi olur
5. "must have relaxed" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "should have repeated" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) rahatlamış olmalı A) tekrar edebilirdi
B) rahatlamalıydı B) tekrar etmeliydi
C) rahatlamış olabilir C) tekrar etmiş olmalı
6. "might have ordered" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "is able to prepare" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sipariş vermiş olabilir A) hazırlayabilir

B) sipariş verebilirdi B) hazırlasa iyi olur
C) sipariş vermiş olurdu C) hazırlamalı
7. "would have died" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "don't need to go off" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ölebilirdi A) bozulmamalı
B) ölmüş olmalı B) bozulmak zorunda değil
C) ölmüş olurdu C) bozulmayabilir
8. "may have debated" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "should have mined" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tartışmış olmalı A) kazmalıydı

B) tartışmalıydı B) kazmış olmalı
C) tartışmış olabilir C) kazmış olabilir
9. "wouldn't have cleaned" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "may nominate" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) temizlememiş olurdu A) aday göstermeli
B) temizlenmiş olamaz B) aday gösterebilir
C) temizlenmemiş olabilir C) aday gösterebilir
19. "might have washed" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "mustn't unlock" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yıkamış olabilir A) kilidi açmayabilir

B) yıkamalıydı B) kilidi açmamalı
C) yıkayabilirdi C) kilidi açmasa iyi olur
20. "could reprimand" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "might have scattered" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) azarlayabiliyordu A) dağıtmış olabilir

B) azarlardı B) dağıtabilirdi
C) azarlamalı C) dağıtmalıydı
21. "had better not refund" çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "would name" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) geri ödememeli A) isim vermek zorunda olacak
B) geri ödemese iyi olur B) isim verecekti
C) geri ödemek zorunda değil C) isim vermeli
22. "couldn't reason" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "isn't going to look" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) neden olmamalı A) bakmayacak

B) neden olmayacak B) bakmamalı
C) neden olmayabilir C) bakamaz
23. "could have developed" çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "may not have scanned" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gelişebilirdi A) taramamış olabilir

B) gelişmiş olmalı B) taramamış olurdu
C) gelişmiş olurdu C) taramamalıydı
24. "ought to have counted" çevirisi hangisidir? 33. "may not surpass" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) saymış olmalı A) aşmayabilir

B) saymış olabilir B) aşmamalı
C) saymalıydı C) aşmayacak
25. "may have denied" çevirisi hangisidir? 34. "could have fled" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) reddedebilirdi A) kaçıp gitmiş olurdu
B) reddetmiş olurdu B) kaçıp gitmiş olmalı
C) reddetmiş olabilir C) kaçıp gidebilirdi
26. "must have caught" çevirisi hangisidir? 35. "are unable to kid" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yakalamalıydı A) şaka yapmayacak

B) yakalamış olmalı B) şaka yapamaz
C) yakalamış olabilir C) şaka yapmamalı
27. "must lessen" çevirisi hangisidir? 36. "needs to lessen" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) azaltmalı A) azaltmak zorunda

B) azaltacak B) azaltsa iyi olur
C) azaltabilir C) azaltmalı
37. "can't have met" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "shouldn't submerge" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) buluşmuş olamaz A) batırmamalı

B) buluşmamış olmalı B) batırmasa iyi olur
C) buluşmamış olabilir C) batırmayacak
38. "ought to have told" çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "would have survived" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) söylemeliydi A) hayatta kalabilirdi
B) söyleyebilirdi B) hayatta kalmış olurdu
C) söylemiş olabilir C) hayatta kalmış olabilir
Meaning Recognition 2 > introduction
1. "yemek yapmış olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "bitirmemeli" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) wouldn't have cooked A) mustn't end
B) can't have cooked B) don’t have to end
C) shouldn't have cooked C) didn’t need to end
2. "gelebilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "patlayabiliyordu" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) will need to come A) could go off

B) have to come B) should go off
C) can come C) is able to go off
3. "iyi anlaşamazdı" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "önerebilirdi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) may not have on well A) would have suggested

B) couldn't have got on well B) could have suggested
C) wouldn't have seen off C) should have suggested
4. "başaracak" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "kovalamış olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) are going to fulfil A) couldn't have chased

B) must fulfil B) can't have chased
C) should fulfil C) might not have chased
5. "tutmalı" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "yer ayırtmış olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) was able to keep A) wouldn't have booked
B) should keep B) can't have booked
C) were going to keep C) shouldn't have booked
6. "bayılmış olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "düşünebilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) may not have fainted A) was going to think

B) couldn't have fainted B) are going to think
C) can't have fainted C) might think
7. "duyabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "koşmamalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) is able to hear A) can't have run

B) is going to hear B) might not have run
C) had better hear C) shouldn't have run
8. "müzakere etmemeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "ilgilenmemeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) mustn't have negotiated A) mustn't have dealt with
B) may not have negotiated B) wouldn't have dealt with
C) oughtn't to have negotiated C) oughtn't to have dealt with
9. "rahatsız etmeyebilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "çekip çıkarabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) might not disturb A) would extract

B) mustn't disturb B) needed to extract
C) wouldn't disturb C) may extract
19. "görevlendirmek zorunda" çevirisi 20. "yardım etmemeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) can't have helped
A) should appoint B) shouldn't have helped
B) must appoint C) wouldn't have competed
C) have to appoint
Meaning Recognition 2 > homework
1. "serbest bıraksa iyi olur" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "görmüş olmalı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) will have to release A) could have seen

B) can release B) must have seen
C) had better release C) might have seen
2. "sifonu çekmemiş olabilir" çevirisi 10. "önlemeli" çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) are able to avert
A) can't have flushed B) should avert
B) shouldn't have flushed C) could avert
C) might not have flushed
11. "protesto etmek zorunda değil" çevirisi

3. "ayrılabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) can depart A) mustn't protest
B) was going to depart B) don't need to protest
C) ought to depart C) shouldn't protest
4. "ilgili olacaktı" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "nemlendirmeli" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) are going to relate A) should moisturize

B) needed to relate B) needed to moisturize
C) would relate C) can moisturize
5. "postalamamalı" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "kaçınacak" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) didn’t need to post A) is going to avoid

B) shouldn't post B) is able to avoid
C) Is unable to post C) needs to avoid
6. "denemiş olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "duymamalı" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) couldn't have tried out A) wouldn't hear
B) can't have tried out B) oughtn't to hear
C) wouldn't have tried out C) don't have to hear
7. "artırmak zorunda değil" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "koruyabilirdi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) wouldn't broaden A) should have shielded

B) couldn't broaden B) may have shielded
C) don't have to broaden C) could have shielded
8. "vermiş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "fırlatmamalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ought to have granted A) can't have cast

B) may have granted B) mustn't have cast
C) must have granted C) oughtn't to have cast
17. "ürün vermiş olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir? 26. "üstesinden gelmiş olabilir" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) would have yielded
B) must have yielded A) ought to have overcome
C) must to have yielded B) must have over come
C) may have overcome
18. "tekrar ederdi" çevirisi hangisidir?

27. "vermiş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) used to repeat
B) is able to repeat A) must have granted
C) were going to repeat B) might have granted
C) could have granted
19. "anlatmasa iyi olur" çevirisi hangisidir?

28. "dengelemiş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) are unable to narrate
B) had better not narrate A) might have balanced
C) don’t have to narrate B) should have balanced
C) must have balanced
20. "göndermemiş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

29. "uzak durmuş olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) couldn't have sent
B) might not have sent A) oughtn't have stayed away
C) can't have send B) can't have stayed away
C) may not have stayed away
21. "davranış göstermiş olmalı" çevirisi

hangisidir? 30. "çıkmamış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ought to have acted A) mustn't have exited

B) could have acted B) might not have exited
C) must have acted C) shouldn't have exited
22. "ayakta duracaktı" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "kiralamış olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ought to stand A) may not have hired

B) would stand B) can't have hired
C) are going to stand C) might not have hired
23. "yarışmamalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "konuşmamış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) shouldn't have competed A) can't have spoken

B) might not have competed B) couldn't have spoken
C) couldn't have competed C) may not have spoken
24. "uğrayacaktı" çevirisi hangisidir? 33. "engellememeli" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) would go along with A) may not block
B) could go along with B) might block
C) is able to go along with C) oughtn't to block
25. "kaybetmeli" çevirisi hangisidir? 34. "getirmeli" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) used to lose A) could bring

B) ought to lose B) must bring
C) are going to lose C) were able to bring
35. "havalandırmalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir? 38. "cevap vermemeli" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) should have aired A) can't answer

B) may have aired B) didn't use to answer
C) must have aired C) oughtn't to answer
36. "park etmeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "duyurmalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) should have parked A) should have declared
B) must have parked B) may have declared
C) would have parked C) would have declared
37. "durduramıyordu" çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "kalabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) won't have to halt A) need to stay

B) doesn't needs to halt B) would stay
C) was unable to halt C) could stay
Mood Recognition > introduction
Bu alıştırma, modal'ların cümleye kattıkları anlamı pekiştirmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır? 8. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) might not go ahead A) should have pioneered
B) had better stay behind B) ought to have coached
C) didn't use to backfire C) may have reserved
D) can't mean D) would have devastated
2. Hangisi "unreal present" bildiren bir 9. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
modaldır?
A) might not get off
A) would scream B) are able to farm
B) should obey C) mustn't charge
C) may brief D) wouldn't conquer
D) is unable to belong to
10. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır?

3. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) should have shut
A) would stand by B) wouldn't have responded
B) can cure C) can't have put forth
C) mustn't hold D) might not have admitted
D) are going to harden
11. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?

4. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) ought to have qualified
A) wouldn't guarantee B) might not have run off with
B) could slide C) would have worsened
C) oughtn't to slap D) should have triggered
D) mustn't foresee

A) should have constructed
A) should have concerned B) may not have burst
B) must have appealed C) wouldn't have sewn
C) oughtn't to have hung D) ought to have stirred up
D) would have complied

A) can pity
A) may have reformed B) ought to run out
B) can't have familiarized C) might hand over
C) should have disabled D) could ignore
D) might not have burst into

7. Hangisi "unreal present" bildiren bir
modaldır? A) is going to depress
B) are unable to touch
A) should exist
C) could send off
B) ought to elapse
D) mustn't scavenge
C) might board
D) would utilize
15. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır? 18. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) would rain A) would have bewildered

B) used to strengthen B) oughtn't to have poisoned
C) should cease C) might have accompanied
D) might reserve D) could have impoverished
16. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? 19. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) couldn't have studied A) must have benefited

B) may have blinked B) shouldn't have disintegrated
C) must have boarded C) ought to have overloaded
D) might have purchased D) wouldn't have sustained
17. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır? 20. Hangisi "will'in past hali" olan bir modaldır?
A) must have fabricated A) mustn't watch out for
B) can't have tempered B) would revise
C) may have recycled C) can't assure
D) ought to have expelled D) had better not endorse
Mood Recognition > homework
Bu alıştırma, modal'ların cümleye kattıkları anlamı pekiştirmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 8. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) used to disqualify A) was unable to fall short

B) should cool B) would boast
C) ought to tear C) could cope with
D) couldn't cease D) had to host
2. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 9. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) were unable to digest A) was able to exceed
B) ought to eat out B) ought to improve
C) needed to submit C) should practise
D) may crawl D) may concern
3. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır? 10. Hangisi "unreal present" bildiren bir
modaldır?
A) must have run out of
B) would have modelled A) used to turn out
C) oughtn't to have broken off B) would alter
D) might have grown C) might command
D) could swap

11. Hangisi "past alışkanlık bildiren bir
A) shouldn't precede modaldır?
B) may abolish
A) used to give away
C) are unable to appear
B) wouldn't infect
D) can bruise
C) was able to corrupt
D) might not get along with
A) wouldn't swell 12. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?

B) was able to articulate
A) oughtn't to insist
C) mustn't import
B) shouldn't omit
D) used to embezzle
C) have to spring up
D) may cast aside
A) should spread 13. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
B) couldn't shuffle
A) ought to cut out
C) can't take after
B) didn't have to auction
D) is able to fill out
C) would drain
D) might retrieve
A) should have predicted 14. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır?
B) could have dropped in
A) can't have owed
C) would have entitled
B) may not have rescued
D) may have sacked
C) should have deserved
D) wouldn't have ravaged
15. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? 22. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) could cycle A) wouldn't mess

B) mustn't soar B) had better not experience
C) oughtn't to overlook C) couldn't long
D) isn't going to deny D) aren't going to dare
16. Hangisi "gelecek zaman" bildiren bir 23. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
modaldır?
A) oughtn't to enrol
A) ought to dig out B) doesn't need to transmit
B) may fade C) would cook
C) had to film D) couldn't hurry
D) is going to wax

A) shouldn't elect
A) might have bid B) might motivate
B) can't have interviewed C) can pull
C) should have got out D) are able to pollinate
D) could have sponsored

A) could trade
A) should check in B) may declare
B) is going to insist C) must expect
C) might focus on D) aren't going to overlap
D) can flee

A) ought to hunt for
A) ought to have devoted B) are unable to call for
B) would have revised C) can irritate
C) must have spared D) might build upon
D) should have entailed

A) may have outweighed
A) wouldn't grind B) can't have banged
B) had better voice C) should have offset
C) didn't use to deepen D) might have planted
D) can't turn down

A) would have negotiated
A) shouldn't have purchased B) ought to have flourished
B) would have overviewed C) may have wrapped
C) ought to have boarded D) should have judged on
D) may not have camped

A) can't have scored
B) may have spanned
C) could have applied
D) must have battled
30. Hangisi "gelecek zaman" bildiren bir 36. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
modaldır?
A) would have touched
A) may stimulate B) ought to have walked
B) used to degenerate C) shouldn't have slowed
C) are unable to domesticate D) might have replaced
D) is going to recreate
37. Hangisi "will'in past hali" olan bir modaldır?

A) must constrict
A) would have secreted B) ought to cut down on
B) must have felt like C) wouldn't transport
C) shouldn't have excused D) had better make do
D) ought to have formed

A) might not have concentrated
A) are able to programme B) should have confronted
B) might not communicate C) wouldn't have bombed
C) used to whiten D) ought to have blackmailed
D) must cast aside
39. Hangisi "unreal present" bildiren bir

33. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır? modaldır?
A) could mature A) might fry
B) must allow B) wouldn't wait
C) would cause C) could emerge
D) aren't going to entail D) needed to fall asleep
34. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır? 40. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) must bang A) may not have travelled

B) is going to precede B) wouldn't have deactivated
C) may not barter C) shouldn't have diverted
D) couldn't try on D) ought to have dumped
35. Hangisi "gelecek zaman" bildiren bir

modaldır?
A) shouldn't fry
B) are going to reclaim
C) didn't need to do with
D) couldn't programme
Time Recognition > introduction
Bu alıştırma modalları zaman bakımından pekiştirmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. Past olanı işaretleyiniz. 8. Past olanı işaretleyiniz.

A) may not tickle A) must speed
B) can't free B) ought to cost
C) might not have come in C) is able to like
D) doesn't need to spill D) must have smoothed
A) had better sprint A) must stick to

B) should tempt B) was able to fly
C) didn't use to mix C) might discount
D) must abort D) need to proclaim
3. Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 10. Past olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) oughtn't to access A) oughtn't to bid

B) may have packaged B) are able to break up
C) couldn't have adjusted C) has to include
D) was unable to give in D) wouldn't have formatted
4. Past olanı işaretleyiniz. 11. Present olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) should wear out A) might have shocked

B) have to look B) may have stayed away
C) couldn't shave C) could mine
D) may contaminate D) were able to chase
5. Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 12. Future olanı işaretleyiniz.

A) oughtn't to have identified A) should have recurred
B) can imitate B) might have driven away
C) must have clung to C) aren't going to hunt
D) didn't use to put out D) may not have depended on

A) didn't need to oblige A) aren't going to use
B) used to bring B) would tear
C) could react C) might not document
D) can't have disposed D) need to dispose
A) should forecast A) can't have rested upon

B) can't have deprived B) mustn't go wrong
C) might have divorced C) might not interfere
D) may have ached D) are able to pressure
15. Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 21. Present olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) must drop in A) can't have arrested

B) may have crossed B) were unable to restrict
C) can't have blushed C) wouldn't have peeled
D) oughtn't to have shortened D) might dig up
A) ought to have hung up A) might have ruined

B) mustn't engage B) may have fasted
C) is able to resume C) need to dispute
D) can't come into D) can't have cured

A) can lie in A) needs to expel
B) didn't have to underline B) shouldn't put out
C) must dictate C) shouldn't have got
D) had better sweat D) have to symbolize
A) can't have sighted A) had better cut down on

B) wouldn't have told B) might have stirred
C) wouldn't stay C) used to swear
D) must have deserved D) didn't need to deactivate
A) need to listen A) would have noticed

B) may not have remarked B) may cut out
C) may chat C) may have given in
D) is unable to halve D) had to age
20. Past olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) need to try out

B) couldn't have compared
C) had better inhale
D) can bless
Time Recognition > homework
Bu alıştırma modalları zaman bakımından pekiştirmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
A) are unable to put off A) had to structure

B) might have chatted B) should need
C) need to break up C) ought to look back on
D) had better insert D) doesn't need to sleep
2. Past olanı işaretleyiniz. 9. Future olanı işaretleyiniz.

A) is unable to hug A) may have reserved
B) ought to fool B) are going to loosen
C) would harness C) can't have weakened
D) can shoot D) wasn't going to elapse
A) may have clung A) aren't going to resume

B) may not torture B) had better not engage
C) was going to give up C) may not lay off
D) ought to have established D) shouldn't have fed
A) might expect A) might have waited

B) might not have deemed B) was able to follow up
C) may have enquired C) oughtn't to have overestimated
D) didn't use to post D) wouldn't force
A) would have relieved A) may have extorted

B) are going to define B) must have impacted
C) ought to shut C) must text
D) had better personalize D) used to elapse

A) don't have to look for A) didn't have to discover
B) are going to back up B) had better not watch out for
C) oughtn't to boast C) might not have referred to
D) couldn't have acclaimed D) can't have revolved

A) can retire A) oughtn't to warrant
B) might not have awaited B) ought to have measured
C) used to starve C) isn't going to shiver
D) didn't have to look down D) mustn't do without
A) were able to appoint A) had to set

B) could turn over B) didn't need to restore
C) should have struck C) wouldn't have sacked
D) might have spoken up D) need to constitute
A) may have quoted A) can't have backed up

B) ought to dispense B) ought to support
C) might have smelt C) needs to prosper
D) used to converse D) has to crease
A) was going to scatter A) needs to conserve

B) would have promised B) couldn't endanger
C) ought to have clotted C) has to oversee
D) could mind D) can't modernize

A) were unable to irrigate A) must have congratulated
B) had better shed B) needs to talk
C) can alarm C) mustn't depend upon
D) may sit D) might not prove
A) may have blackmailed A) couldn't have moved off

B) might surround B) may not have slipped
C) must film C) ought to have depended upon
D) had better dress D) should trade
20. Past olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) don't have to ring

B) didn't use to hand over
C) ought to turn down
D) should triumph
Simple Modal Examples > introduction
Bu alıştırmada Simple Modal'lar için örnek cümleler anlatılmaktadır.
1: Reforestation could actually reduce the current 6: Without energy, we would not be able to stay alive.
carbon loss by up to 10 percent. TR:
TR:
7: Teenagers need to sleep seven or eight hours a

night.
2: The country has to import vegetable and fruits from TR:
other countries.
TR:
8: Pregnancy can be a very stressful time for many
moms-to-be.
TR:
3: A large, wild gorilla might eat over 40 pounds of
leaves and fruit in one day
TR:
9: All road users must obey the traffic rules and be
courteous.
TR:
4: Carbon oxide is a base and is able to modify the pH
in water.
TR: 10: In the middle of winter the sun may not rise for
weeks at the north pole.
TR:
5: The city should work out a solution on hazardous
household waste.
TR:
Simple Modal Examples > homework
Bu alıştırmada Simple Modal'lar için örnek cümleler anlatılmaktadır.
1: Passengers must not talk to the bus driver. 12: A coal miner should be very physically fit and
TR: healthy.
TR:
2: Social workers need to possess the skills of

articulation and persuasion.
13: Without medical tools, diagnoses would be
TR:
extremely difficult.
TR:
3: Without oxygen, fires would not be able to occur.

TR: 14: The immune system is able to communicate
throughout the entire body.
TR:
4: Land pollution can be one of the most visible types
of pollution.
TR:
15: Some changes in government policy might affect
the business.
TR:
5: Caffeine may raise your blood pressure and increase
your heart rate.
TR:
16: Trains are able to operate during most weather
conditions without incident.
TR:
6: You can't go against the laws of nature.
TR:
17: Volcanic eruptions may trigger earthquakes and

7: She used to be a teacher, but now she works in result in wildfires.
publishing. TR:
TR:
18: Plants and animals could not live without nitrogen.

8: Each country must find its own solution to
TR:
unemployment.
TR:
19: People should only take antibiotics for bacterial
infections.
9: You had better not spend much money on TR:
unnecessary things.
TR:
20: Patients ought not to use herbal remedies without

consulting with a doctor first.
10: Most engineering students have to read journals in
TR:
English.
TR:
11: Control of the flow of money can influence an

economy.
TR:
Perfect Modal Examples > introduction
Bu alıştırmada Perfect Modal'lar için örnek cümleler anlatılmaktadır.
1: Warning signs should have alerted pilots of potential 6: You should have read the instructions carefully.
disaster. TR:
TR:
7: With your poor English, you can't have written this

essay.
2: The meeting ought to have remained secret. TR:
TR:
3: Most part of the Egyptian population must have 8: Huge volcanic eruptions could have killed tens of
been farmers. thousands of dinosaurs.
TR: TR:
4: Microbes in caves in Chihuahua, Mexico, may have

survived there for tens of thousands of years. 9: Signals of radio and television would have reached
TR: half of our Milky Way galaxy in 1500 years.
TR:
5: Residents must have heard about the storm and

closed the windows. 10: Earth's surface might not have been the site of
TR: life's origin.
TR:
Perfect Modal Examples > homework
Bu alıştırmada Perfect Modal'lar için örnek cümleler anlatılmaktadır.
1: Her resignation must have been terribly shocking to 11: Many more species could have become extinct
her political opponents. because of human colonisation.
TR: TR:
2: The owners of the airplanes should have apologized 12: Changes in ocean circulation may have led to
for the dirty and smelly machines. sudden climate shifts in the past.
TR: TR:
3: Low sea levels could have caused the mass 13: Hinduism must have existed even in 10000 BCE.
extinction of sea life. TR:
TR:
14: Ape-like ancestors might have used stone tools to
cut up animals.
4: Mahatma Gandhi ought to have given more time and TR:
attention to his wife and sons.
TR:
15: A composer can't have composed in all genres and
styles.
TR:
5: Scientists should have found out the reasons behind
the pollution to stop it.
TR:
16: The fall in prices should have helped the mass of
urban poor.
TR:
6: China can't have started a nuclear program without
access to the raw materials.
TR: 17: Activists couldn't have achieved political victory
without allies.
TR:
7: Major changes in the teacher labour market might

have affected the quality of labour in education. 18: The Indus civilization may have used the resin as
TR: a medical tonic.
TR:
8: Before the discovery of penicillin, doctors couldn't 19: The inflation would have caused a decline in the
have treated patients properly. value of currency.
TR: TR:
20: You ought not to have fed the fish excessively.

9: More support from party could have made a TR:
difference in the campaign.
TR:
10: The recent progress in global health would have

been impossible without the support of health workers.
TR:
Bu alıştırmada modallar karşılaştırılmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. You ---- the table now that you're finished 11. I'm really not sure whether I ---- free
with your dinner. tomorrow.
A) may leave A) will be
B) may have left B) would be
2. Look at the sign! You ---- on the grass. 12. It's too bad you didn't practice for the
marathon. You ----.
A) musn't walk
B) don't have to walk A) could win
B) could have won
3. I didn't expect that she ---- there.

13. We ---- the gate. Then the dog wouldn’t have
A) will be got out.
B) would be
A) ought to lock
B) ought to have locked
4. She's seven years old, but she ---- yet. Her
parents are getting her private lessons.
14. She ---- like an angel when she was a child.
A) can't read
B) couldn't read A) could sing
B) could have sung
5. John ---- so quickly. It makes difficult to

understand him. 15. I didn't know you were going to Phil's party
yesterday. You ---- me!
A) shouldn't speak
B) couldn't speak A) could tell
B) could have told
6. Shakespeare and Voltaire weren’t alive at the

same time , so they ---- each other . 16. I ---- this box - it's too heavy! Would you help
me?
A) can't know
B) can't have known A) don't have to
B) can't lift
7. You ---- French. I speak English quite well.

17. John often ---- English poems.
A) don't need to speak
B) couldn't speak A) ought to recite
B) ought to have recited
8. Take an umbrella. It ---- later.

18. Jack spends the whole day just walking
A) might rain around. He ---- a job.
B) had better rain
A) can't have
B) can't have had
9. You ---- that painting. It might be worth
something.
19. I really ---- a new notebook. Mine is so old.
A) oughtn't to have thrown out
B) weren't able to throw out A) have to buy
B) might buy
10. Humans ---- water at least every two days.

A) must drink
B) must have drunk
20. I ---- well when I was a child. I even won the 25. Robert ---- a report at yesterday’s meeting. I
school championships. saw the agenda.
A) can swim A) must make

B) could swim B) must have made
21. Sarah ---- so much. It is not good for her 26. Susan ---- in New York last week.
health.
A) should arrive
A) shouldn't smoke B) should have arrived
B) shouldn't have smoked
27. I ---- the chapter we had to read for

22. I ---- to Japan for a month to study Japanese. homework. It was so difficult.
A) might go A) mustn't have understood
B) might have gone B) couldn't understand
23. Jack ---- upset. I couldn't really tell if he was 28. You ---- any more weight. You are already
annoyed or tired. slim.
A) may be A) mustn't lose
B) may have been B) don't need to lose
24. He ---- at the party on time, even after 29. You ---- 30 sentences for homework.
missing the train, so he was very pleased.
A) must write
A) should have arrived B) are able to write
B) was able to arrive
30. You ---- at me when I am talking to you.
A) should look
B) are able to look
Bu alıştırmada modallar karşılaştırılmalı olarak anlatılmaktadır.
1. You ---- to her because she wasn’t at school 11. The ground is very wet this morning. It ----
yesterday. last night.
A) can't talk A) ought to have rained

B) can't have talked B) must have rained
2. Nancy did very well on her history test. She - 12. You ---- the courage to speak out what you
--- hard. believed to be right.
A) must have studied A) ought to have
B) should have studied B) ought to have had
3. He was ill this morning. He ---- home. 13. I’m not sure, but they ---- us this evening.
A) may go A) may visit

B) may have gone B) must visit
4. George has travelled a lot . He ---- 4 14. We ---- to the bank today. We haven’t got any
languages. money left.
A) can speak A) must go

B) could speak B) could go
5. We ---- lots of fruit and vegetables every day. 15. I'm not sure. I ---- my keys at home.
A) ought to eat A) might have left

B) ought to have eaten B) can't have left
6. The economy ---- in the next year. 16. I ---- a car until I was 34. Then I moved to the
countryside, so I had to learn.
A) may go up
B) may have gone up A) can't drive
B) couldn't drive
7. I ---- to work on Saturdays. It’s my day off.

17. There's a lift in the building, so she ---- the
A) needn't go stairs.
B) am not able to go
A) mustn't climb
B) doesn't have to climb
8. I ---- my keys. I probably left them at my
mother’s place.
18. I ---- my car when I can afford to buy a newer
A) can't find one.
B) can't have found
A) will sell
B) would sell
9. Please excuse me, but I ---- now.
A) have to go 19. Sorry, Teacher. I ---- the homework yet.

B) may go
A) haven't needed to do
B) haven’t been able to do
10. Did he buy you a present? He ---- your
birthday.
A) might forget
B) might have forgotten
20. I ---- more for my exams. I think I'll fail. 25. Why did you stay in a hotel when you were
in New York? You ---- with Uncle Ben.
A) should revise
B) should have revised A) could stay
B) could have stayed
21. Even as a boy, he knew that he ---- in

football. 26. Jane hasn’t come yet. She ---- the bus.
A) will succeed A) must miss
B) would succeed B) must have missed
22. The weather is fantastic in California. It ---- 27. It was a good movie. You ---- it.
fun to live there.
A) should have seen
A) must be B) can't have seen
B) must have been
28. You ---- to suggest that to the committee.

23. I don't want anyone to know ; you ----
anyone. A) might want
B) might have wanted
A) mustn't tell
B) don't have to tell
29. You really ---- such a noise during the
lessons. It disturbs your teachers.
24. When you go to Rome next month, you ----
with Chiara. A) shouldn't make
B) shouldn't have made
A) could stay
B) could have stayed
30. “Where’s the cat?” “I don’t know. It ---- in
the garden.”
A) could be
B) ought to be
Passive Voice
Bu ünitede, tense ve modalların passive (edilgen) halleri anlatılmaktadır.
• Passive Tables
• vs Questions
Passive Tables > passive tenses
Aşağıda verilen active cümlelerin passive halini cümlenin yanına ve her iki cümlenin çevirisini altına yazınız.
Örnek
(passive sentence)
(active sentence)
The computers are being used right now by the
Students are using the computers right now.
students.
Şuanda öğrenciler bilgisayarları kullanılıyor. Bilgisayarlar şuanda öğrenciler tarafından kullanılıyor.
active passive
am done
do
is done
simple present does
are done
yapar yapılır
Farmers don't use some insecticides any more today

because there are too dangerous.
Many people speak English in many countries around

the world.
Today, Japan exports more cars than any other country.
Disneyland is a world famous amusement park in

Southern California. More than ten million people visit it
every year.
active passive
am doing am being done

simple present continuous is doing is being done
are doing are being done
yapıyor yapılıyor
Workers are repairing the road today.
GPS is calculating the route to your destination by

GPS.
We are collecting the donations at the moment.
active passive
have done have been done

present perfect has done has been done
yapmış durumda yapılmış durumda
The police haven't caught the thieves yet.
The government has imposed a new tax on cigarettes.
The earthquake has destroyed only part of the building.
The management has already calculated the costs for

the project.
active passive
was done
simple past did
were done
yaptı yapıldı
Egyptians built the pyramids.
His parents left a small fortune to John.
Miners didn't use dynamite until the second half of the

nineteenth century.
At one time, dinosaurs ruled the entire world.
">
active passive
was doing was being done

simple past continuous were doing were being done
yapıyordu yapılıyordu
The chef was cooking the meat when I entered the ">
room.
My husband was storing the furniture while the workers

were painting the room.
The committee was discussing the issues when we

arrived.
active passive
past perfect had done had been done
yapmış durumdaydı yapılmış durumdaydı
Amateur astronomers had discovered another planet.
The storm had devastated the whole city.
Those prisoners had robbed five banks.
Brave men had defended the city.
active passive
simple future will do will be done
yapacak yapılacak
Millions of people will visit the museum this summer.
The government will take safety precaution immediately.
My secretary will notify you next week.
future perfect active passive
will have done will have been done
yapmış durumda olacak yapılmış durumda olacak
The team will have completed the project by this time

next year.
The officials will have announced the election results

within four hours.
active passive
have been doing

present perfect continuous
has been doing
past perfect continuous had been doing Bu tense'ler passive halde

kullanılamaz.
future perfect continuous will have been doing
simple future continuous will be doing
Passive Tables > passive modals
simple modals
active passive
can do can be done
could do could be done
may do may be done
might do might be done
be able to do be able to be done
must do must be done
should do should be done
ought to do ought to be done
had better do had better be done
have to do have to be done
need to do need to be done
used to do used to be done
Translate the sentences below.

Employees must be paid on the last day of the month.
The injured man couldn’t walk, so he had to be carried.
These books have to be returned to the library by next Friday.
Certifications might be needed to use some of the tools.
When I was a kid, fresh milk used to be delivered to our house every morning.
That new bridge may be finished before the first snow hits this winter.
Workers should be warned against dangers.
It’s still raining. The match had better be delayed.
Some drugs need to be taken at intervals of 6 hours on a regular basis.
The poisonous flowers could be considered very harmful.
Snakes can be found throughout the world except Antarctica and Iceland.
perfect modals
active passive
can't have done can't have been done
could have done could have been done
may have done may have been done
might have done might have been done
must have done must have been done
should have done should have been done
ought to have done ought to have been done
would have done would have been done
Translate the sentences below.

The murderer should have been given life long prison.
That painting might not have been painted by Picasso. It could be a forgery.
The computer isn't working. It must have been damaged during production.
That necklace is no longer in the shop window so it must have been sold.
In some cases, a person's nerve cells may have been damaged beyond repair.
Precautions should have been taken about the problem a long time ago.
Those seeds ought to have been planted over a month ago.
Bu alıştırma tense ve modal'ların active ve passive hallerini ayırt edebilmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. might not set aside 6. will have been defeated
A) Active B) Passive A) Active B) Passive
2. hadn't erupted 7. were shrinking
3. wasn't being prized 8. have transformed

4. can't have taken part in 9. may have been written
5. oughtn't to be murdered 10. hasn't been blackmailed

1. have misunderstood 11. could have been approached

2. hadn't menaced 12. hasn't been mended
3. aren't accompanied 13. would have minded
4. don't need to be blocked 14. were being invaded

5. refunded 15. were going to bandage
6. would tag 16. are springing from

7. might not have assured 17. should have been enclosed
8. is being worsened 18. had been used
9. had better not be considered 19. were malfunctioning
10. will have been wrinkling 20. is refuted
1. Hangisi active haldedir? 6. Hangisi active haldedir?
A) might object to A) is secreting

B) were being directed B) can't be approached
C) must have been impeded C) won't be threatened
2. Hangisi active haldedir? 7. Hangisi passive haldedir?
A) were being granted A) mustn't realize

B) didn't cast aside B) are greeted
C) can't have been deactivated C) will be drifting apart
3. Hangisi passive haldedir? 8. Hangisi active haldedir?

A) would have held on A) had been impelled
B) ought to have been auctioned B) might have been put on
C) emitted C) will have been booming
A) were unable to be tormented A) might have freed

B) had been rehearsing B) doesn't have to be negotiated
C) may have funded C) won't have been transferred
5. Hangisi passive haldedir? 10. Hangisi passive haldedir?
A) aren't being dyed A) will have been recycled

B) won't be colliding B) doesn't persist
C) couldn't have triumphed C) didn't need to tremble

A) will be panicking A) had surrounded
B) had been achieved B) would make out
C) may not have looked at C) isn't being trusted
A) wasn't raising A) aren't fixed

B) are being recalled B) has bandaged
C) ought to have outraged C) might be rented
A) were dyed A) had been offered

B) may not have afflicted B) ought to have obeyed
C) haven't been regretting C) will inhibit
A) has been bred A) may not have been nourished

B) would have been sharpened B) won't have been conquered
C) will be going off C) may not avert

A) had been polluting A) are able to hypnotize
B) would hunt for B) ought to have been presented
C) might be bent C) hasn't been spoiled
6. Hangisi active haldedir? 15. Hangisi passive haldedir?
A) will have been cleared A) shouldn't have been parked

B) hasn't handed out B) won't have brought down
C) may be weakened C) would spell
A) mustn't have decorated A) might be governed

B) wouldn't have been assembled B) will search for
C) have been adjusted C) haven't been archived
A) might not have cancelled A) shouldn't burn

B) wouldn't be taken into account B) has dreamt
C) has been signing C) has been destroyed

A) were able to be admitted A) mustn't be enslaved
B) aren't needed B) weren't relaxed
C) doesn't sweep C) can't have contacted
A) are going to play down A) won't have preserved

B) wouldn't have been planted B) hadn't been received
C) will be outraging C) couldn't be started
Bu alıştırmada ana fiili passive (edilgen) olan cümlelerin çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: By this time tomorrow the deal will have been 12: Many people are injured in road accidents every
signed. day.
TR: TR:
2: Insulin was first discovered in 1921 by researchers 13: Cancer is caused by mutations in the DNA of a
at the University of Toronto. cell.
TR: TR:
14: The accident was easily foreseeable, and could

3: Smoking has been banned on commercial airplanes have been prevented.
for many years. TR:
TR:
15: Many of the rain forest plants and animals can only
4: Many times tumours must be removed by surgery. be found in small areas.
TR: TR:
5: Humans are born with 270 bones.

TR: 16: An emergency fund had been set up in reaction to
the famine.
TR:
6: The small plane was being tossed about in the sky
by strong winds.
TR:
17: The problem of obesity can be found in almost
every country on this planet.
TR:
7: A new government is going to be established by the
Republicans.
TR:
18: More than half the nation's public schools need to
be repaired and renovated.
8: The issue of education should have been taken TR:
more seriously.
TR:
19: Some medications may be given as a preventative

measure to an unhealthy individual.
9: In the next ten years, the population could be cut by
TR:
a more than a quarter.
TR:
20: Luckily, the museum was not damaged by the

10: New medications are being developed every single earthquake.
day across the globe. TR:
TR:
11: On average, a maximum of 500 mg of vitamin E a

day should be taken.
TR:
Bu alıştırmada ana fiili passive (edilgen) olan cümlelerin çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: The northern lights are caused by a disruption in the 12: The destruction of the Library of Alexandria has
Earth's magnetic fields. been attributed to several people.
TR: TR:
2: In the 20th century, polio had been wiped out 13: Insulation could be derived from natural materials,
completely. such as leaves or branches from trees.
TR: TR:
3: China is made up of deserts, plains, mountains and

high plateaus.
14: In 2003, Steve Jobs was diagnosed with pancreatic
TR:
cancer.
TR:
4: In some senses, horse racing could be considered

very humane. 15: Romeo and Juliet was written at the end of the
TR: sixteenth century.
TR:
5: The patient has to be woken at regular intervals to

take his medicine. 16: Niels Bohr had been awarded his own Nobel Prize
TR: for Physics in 1922.
TR:
6: To keep down the costs, factories must be placed

near the mines. 17: All human beings should be given a second chance
TR: for their mistakes.
TR:
7: All countries are plagued by poverty at a varying

magnitude.
18: Like most sports, skiing must be learnt step by
TR:
step, with plenty of practice.
TR:
8: A landfill can be converted into public space.

TR:
19: The Iberian Peninsula has been occupied by many
empires over the centuries.
9: Our government should have been taken necessary TR:
steps to preserve the forestland.
TR:
20: The abacus may have been invented in Babylonia

in the fourth century B.C.
10: The Rosetta Stone was found by French troops in TR:
the Nile Valley of Egypt in 1799.
TR:
21: Cotton is grown in Cukurova in Turkey.

TR:
11: An airplane crash is often accompanied by smoke
and fire. 22: All types of diabetes are serious and need to be
TR: monitored regularly.
TR:
23: Machines are taking over the jobs of humans; 32: Vitamins can be produced synthetically in large
humans are being replaced by metal. amounts.
TR: TR:
33: Soda and sugary, fatty snacks should be avoided

24: Half the nation's public schools need to be repaired as much as possible.
and renovated. TR:
TR:
34: The history of hydrotherapy can be traced back to

25: People are affected by changes in ecosystems and several ancient civilizations.
genetic change in diverse ways. TR:
TR:
35: Valleys on Mars may have been formed by

26: All new immigrants will be taught basic English by groundwater in geologically recent times.
special government teachers. TR:
TR:
36: About 20 percent of the rainforest has already been

27: New industrial developments are going to be cut down in Brazil.
introduced by the new Minister. TR:
TR:
37: Maldives was first settled approximately 3,000

28: Many medical processes cannot be understood years ago.
without the help of chemistry. TR:
TR:
38: The importance of training in health and safety

cannot be overestimated.
29: By 1900, nearly 40 percent of Indian revenue was TR:
being spent on the military.
TR:
39: 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one

hectare of rainforest.
30: The death of so many children in the developing TR:
countries could be prevented by better health services.
TR:
40: London is visited by hundreds of tourists every

year.
TR:
31: In the USA, obesity is considered a serious health
problem.
TR:
Bu alıştırma cümlede ana fiilin hangi halde kullanılması gerektiğini öğrenmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. Highway 15 ---- yesterday due to a serious 6. They ---- him French and ---- him a
road accident. dictionary.
A) closed A) taught / gave

B) was closed B) were taught / were given
2. New Zealand ---- by massive oceans. 7. Snow ---- the mountains.

A) is surrounded A) covered
B) surrounds B) was covered
3. The escaped prisoners ---- to be travelling 8. They ---- all the dinner before they ---- the
towards London. conversation.
A) reported A) had eaten / finished
B) were reported B) had been eaten / were finished
4. This recipe ---- with margarine instead of 9. His boss ---- him a better job.
butter.
A) may have offered
A) can make B) may have been offered
B) can be made
10. A guide ---- you to your seat.

5. The news report said that no one ---- in the
accident. A) will take
B) will be taken
A) had killed
B) had been killed
Bu alıştırma cümlede ana fiilin hangi halde kullanılması gerektiğini öğrenmeniz için hazırlanmıştır.
1. You ---- your children to a good school. 11. The President ---- a speech next Monday.
A) should send A) will give

B) should be sent B) will be given
2. The new manager ---- some changes. 12. A famous designer ---- the hotel.
A) has made A) will redecorate

B) has been made B) will be redecorated
3. John ---- the house last week. 13. The flowers ---- by a gardener.
A) painted A) are watering
B) was painted B) are being watered
4. Some 11 million ---- over nearly seven years. 14. The secretary ---- the mail every morning.
A) had spent A) opens

B) had been spent B) is opened
5. This house ---- by my grandfather in 1943. 15. They ---- the restaurant in 2004.
A) built A) renovated
B) was built B) were renovated
6. You ---- further information at the desk. 16. The document ---- right now.
A) can obtain A) is sending
B) can be obtained B) is being sent
7. Sean and Jake ---- six hamburgers. 17. The lion ---- by the hunter.
A) ate A) killed
B) were eaten B) was killed
8. He said the documents ---- within the week. 18. George Washington ---- president in 1788.
A) could issue A) elected

B) could be issued B) was elected
9. The murderer ---- life long prison. 19. Jimmy ---- the dogs every day.
A) should have given A) walks
B) should have been given B) is walked
10. The windows ---- every week. 20. He ---- a book for his birthday.
A) clean A) gave
B) are cleaned B) was given
Verbals
Bu ünitede gerund ve infinitive (fiilimsi) konusu anlatılmaktadır.
• Verbals Table
• Phrase Translation
• Sentence Translation
Verbals Table > table
gerund
active passive
zaman farkı yok Ving being V3
zaman farkı var having V3 having been V3
notlar
infinitive
active passive
zaman farkı yok to V1 to be V3
zaman farkı var to have V3 to have been V3
notlar
Phrase Translation > introduction
Bu alıştırmada "verbal + object" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: to develop an new product 6: to learn a foreign language

TR: TR:
2: to make a difficult choice 7: hearing the bad news

TR: TR:
3: to need medical help urgently 8: by sending signals to the brain

TR: TR:
4: looking at the world from a different perspective 9: finding ways of avoiding ecological side effects
TR: TR:
5: to work for the government 10: depending on your personal medical history
TR: TR:
Phrase Translation > homework
Bu alıştırmada "verbal + object" şeklindeki tamlamaların çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: eager to know the truth 11: the opportunity of spending free time in nature
TR: TR:
2: to check your answers 12: plans to move to London

TR: TR:
3: began to form Roman architecture 13: useful in preventing a second heart attack
TR: TR:
4: to provide electricity for the house 14: applying ice to an injury

TR: TR:
5: reaching and staying at a healthy weight 15: to search for food on different locations
TR: TR:
6: for improving the function of the brain 16: to inspire women to work in the factories
TR: TR:
7: drugs to treat diabetes

17: by analysing brain activity
TR:
TR:
8: increasing the risk of developing cancer

18: not allowing the immune system to perform its job
TR:
TR:
9: a lot of effort to win

TR: 19: creating diet plans for athletes
TR:
10: spending a little time in natural sunlight

TR: 20: a process of reducing pollutants using chemicals
TR:
Sentence Translation > introduction
Bu alıştırmada gerund ve infinitive içeren cümlelerin çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: Following a healthy diet is a natural way to deal with 6: To learn a foreign language requires lots of practice.
insomnia and anxiety. TR:
TR:
7: The Finnish hockey team is anxious to play the

Czechs for the gold medal.
2: Some of the bad effects of earthquakes in towns TR:
can be prevented by making special buildings.
TR:
8: Sulfur is thought to be the seventh most common

element in the human body.
TR:
3: In modern societies, many people enjoy dancing
simply for entertainment.
TR:
9: Smoking cigarettes can cause lung cancer or other
diseases over time.
TR:
4: Scientists use geologic time periods to measure the
age of the Earth.
TR:
10: The urban children spend most of their time
watching TV and listening to radio on weekends.
TR:
5: Exercising regularly and eating healthily can lower
stress levels.
TR:
Sentence Translation > homework
Bu alıştırmada gerund ve infinitive içeren cümlelerin çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
1: Finding a job is easier with the help of the Internet. 11: In the past few decades, the country has become
TR: an increasingly popular place to make movies.
TR:
2: The government is taking steps to reduce violent

behaviours in our schools.
TR:
12: The population in Africa is expected to grow at a
rapid pace throughout the 21st century.
TR:
3: With the coming of information technology, children
do not have to depend on their schools to gain
knowledge.
TR: 13: Having a balanced diet is the first step in building a
strong immune system.
TR:
4: The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.

TR: 14: Some new developments allowed the industrial
revolution to grow rapidly and spread throughout
Europe.
5: In many African villages, the men spend most of TR:
their time and energy by hunting.
TR:
15: The mother insisted on her children not playing in

the park after dark.
6: Vaccination is a cheap and effective way of
TR:
preventing infections.
TR:
16: To help their children is natural for the parents.

7: Canada is planning to close its coal plants by 2030. TR:
TR:
17: The fundamental purpose of education is to create

good human beings.
8: Studying foreign languages obviously makes you
TR:
smarter about foreign cultures.
TR:
18: Shakespeare spent his years writing theatre plays

and poems.
9: Exercise and relaxation techniques are often used to TR:
lower the impact of stress on the human body.
TR:
19: Doing eye exercise is a natural way to improve
poor eyesight without wearing glasses.
TR:
10: Texting has become the most common way to
begin relationships for teenagers.
TR:
20: There are natural remedies and methods for
treating stress, anxiety and depression.
TR:
Pronouns
Bu ünitede zamirlerin çevirileri ve karşılaştırmalı olarak kullanım yerleri anlatılmaktadır.
• Pronouns
• Recognition Questions
Pronouns > table 1
Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive

Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
özne nesne iyelik sıfatı iyelik zamiri dönüşlülük
birinci
I me my mine myself
tekil
TR
ikinci
you you your yours yourself
tekil
TR
üçüncü
he him his his himself
tekil (erkek)
TR
üçüncü
she her her hers herself
tekil (kadın)
TR
üçüncü
it it its – itself
tekil
TR
birinci
we us our ours ourselves
çoğul
TR
ikinci
you you your yours yourselves
çoğul
TR
üçüncü
they them their theirs themselves
çoğul
TR
notlar
Pronouns > introduction 1
1: I didn't have my umbrella with me, so Marta lent me 12: We encourage experts from biology and medicine
hers. to work with us to achieve our goal.
TR: TR:
2: The Earth's climate changes naturally and it often

produces climatic extremes and disasters. 13: The public has lost their faith in the government.
TR: TR:
14: We had to drive along a dirt road for about 25 miles

to get to the campsite.
3: Learning the strategies may help him to work better TR:
with the other players.
TR:
15: In early Rome, metal rings became more common,

and they were usually made from iron.
4: A patient may apply an ice pack to the area and TR:
keep it on for about 15 minutes.
TR:
16: They looked at our pictures, but they didn't show

us theirs.
5: Every culture has its own traditional ceremonies
TR:
related to birth and death.
TR:
17: I know this drink is his, but I need to drink

something.
6: You don't have to hide your feelings. TR:
TR:
18: My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my

7: Spain was fighting too many wars and losing most
job.
of them.
TR:
TR:
19: We constructed a big picnic table for use by

8: Any friend of yours is also a friend of mine. ourselves and our neighbors.
TR: TR:
9: Animals have internal defense mechanisms to

protect themselves against disease.
20: She herself is not a scientist, but her husband and
TR:
daughter are.
TR:
10: The oldest part of the building collapsed by itself.

TR:
11: In her books, the author examines the role of

women, and their family relationships in Indian society.
TR:
Pronouns > table 2
pronoun TR notlar
this
these
that
those
that of
those of
one
ones
the former
the latter
1: Many young people are abusing drugs and this 9: The Black Henna of modern times is different from
results in serious problems. that of the 19th century.
TR: TR:
2: The cells contain oxygen and this oxygen is used by 10: Elderly nutritional needs usually differ from those of
the body to generate energy. younger adults.
TR: TR:
3: Approximately 10-20% of drylands are considered 11: Diseases of the soul are more dangerous than
degraded, with the majority of these areas in Asia. those of the body.
TR: TR:
12: The concept of peace is a very important one in

cultures all over the world.
4: The most severe burns are classified as fourth- TR:
degree burns, and these are extremely life threatening.
TR:
13: The human body creates its building blocks, cells,

by replacing dead ones with new ones.
TR:
5: Learning a foreign language can help people know
better about the people of that country.
TR:
14: Cats and dogs are both popular types of pets.

However, the former requires less exercise.
TR:
6: More than 85 percent of Brazil's population is urban,
and that's increasing yearly.
TR:
15: Human capital and social capital have a

relationship due to the effects the former can have on
the latter.
7: Causes of poverty in America greatly vary from TR:
those in underdeveloped countries.
TR:
8: The proton has a similar mass to that of a neutron.

TR:
Pronouns > table 3
pronoun TR notlar
everyone
everybody
someone
somebody
anyone
anybody
no one
nobody
everything
something
anything
nothing
Pronouns > introduction
1: They have nothing to complain about. 6: Nobody has discovered a cure for the common cold
TR: yet.
TR:
2: We don’t own anything; everything around us is on
loan.
7: The discovery of gold in California in 1848 changed
TR:
everything.
TR:
3: Somebody dumped a huge load of garbage on the

side of the street.
TR: 8: Your question cannot be answered by anybody.
TR:
4: No one dares to contradict his employer for fear of 9: Everybody avoids making mistakes.
being fired. TR:
TR:
10: The situation is serious. Something must be done
before it’s too late.
5: Sore throat and cough is a common occurrence and TR:
can happen to anyone.
TR:
Pronouns > table 4
pronoun TR notlar
other
the other
others
the others
another
any other
each other
one another
1: The farmhouse is remote from any other buildings. 6: Ancient Greek city-states were always at war with
TR: one another.
TR:
2: We are good friends now, but we didn't like each

other at first.
7: Certain wines may be fine to sell immediately, while
TR:
others are aged for years.
TR:
3: Our body can produce some of proteins itself, but

we must get the others from food.
TR: 8: I'll still try to check out other possibilities.
TR:
4: The meanings of the terms science and technology 9: We cannot see the other side of the moon.
have changed significantly from one generation to TR:
another.
TR:
10: Lack of exercise is another major contributory
factor for obesity in children.
TR:
5: One side of the Earth faces the sun, while the other
faces away into space.
TR:
Pronouns > homework
1: No one is answering the phone. They must be out. 12: Mars, Venus and the other planets move in
TR: eccentric orbits.
TR:
2: We have a right to demand a safe future for

ourselves and future generations.
13: Each of the four candidates is considered just as
TR:
qualified as the others.
TR:
3: Everyone has some risk for cancer.

TR: 14: Some foods have more carbohydrates in them than
others.
4: Earth's atmosphere is totally different from those of TR:
the other planets.
TR:
15: He tried first one plan and then another; but none of
them proved anything at all.
TR:
5: The ancient Greeks built temples to honour their
Gods and created myths about each one.
TR:
16: Some heavy metals in water accumulate in the
tissues of humans and other organisms.
TR:
6: Cigarette smoke is highly dangerous to both the
smoker and anyone around.
TR:
17: In the harshest areas, nothing grows and nothing
can survive.
TR:
7: Animals can communicate with one another.
TR:
18: Pandas and koalas are both popular animals, but
8: Monkeys and sloths are both mammals, but the only the former is native to China and the latter is
former are much faster than the latter. native to Australia.
TR: TR:
9: We can clearly notice the difference between the

people's attitude towards each other in some places. 19: Large kidney stones can cause increased pain, and
TR: this can sometimes be completely unbearable.
TR:
10: We need someone to keep an eye on our baby

while we are away. 20: We rely on technology to do everything for us.
TR: TR:
21: Books and a hot beverage are the perfect

11: Eating something before and after doing a morning
combination. The internet can't give you that.
workout is important.
TR:
TR:
22: Heart disease takes more lives annually in the 24: Being an artist must have given you a different
United States than any other illness. perspective.
TR: TR:
25: The night vision of tigers is six times better than

23: I don't know anything about dressing or acting like that of humans.
a lady. TR:
TR:
Recognition Questions > introduction
1. Hangisi Object Pronoun'dur? 11. Hangisi çoğuldur?
A) hers B) she A) her B) his

C) her C) those
2. Hangisi Subject Pronoun'dur? 12. Hangisi Possessive Pronoun'dur?

A) ours B) himself A) our B) ours
C) he C) itself
3. Hangisi Reflexive Pronoun'dur? 13. Hangisi çoğuldur?
A) we B) it A) those of B) her
C) herself C) that of
4. Hangisi tekildir? 14. Hangisi Object Pronoun'dur?
A) her B) ourselves A) me B) herself

C) those C) ours
5. Hangisi Possessive Adjective'dir? 15. Hangisi çoğuldur?

A) myself B) her A) we B) that of
C) you C) yourself
6. Hangisi tekildir? 16. Hangisi Subject Pronoun'dur?
A) themselves B) those A) mine B) I

C) this C) his
7. Hangisi çoğuldur? 17. Hangisi tekildir?
A) his B) he A) these B) its

C) those C) the others
8. Hangisi Object Pronoun'dur? 18. Hangisi tekildir?

A) she B) we A) me B) us
C) you C) the others
9. Hangisi Subject Pronoun'dur? 19. Hangisi Possessive Pronoun'dur?
A) hers B) mine A) him B) me

C) I C) theirs
10. Hangisi Possessive Adjective'dir? 20. Hangisi Reflexive Pronoun'dur?
A) your B) him A) yourselves B) mine

C) us C) yours
Recognition Questions > homework
1. Hangisi Object Pronoun'dur? 12. Hangisi Object Pronoun'dur?

A) he B) ourselves A) it B) ourselves
C) her C) yours
2. Hangisi Possessive Adjective'dir? 13. Hangisi Possessive Pronoun'dur?
A) us B) ours A) ours B) itself

C) my C) himself
3. Hangisi çoğuldur? 14. Hangisi Subject Pronoun'dur?
A) they B) one A) her B) ourselves

C) the other C) you
4. Hangisi Object Pronoun'dur? 15. Hangisi Subject Pronoun'dur?

A) mine B) theirs A) he B) themselves
C) it C) his
5. Hangisi tekildir? 16. Hangisi Possessive Pronoun'dur?
A) others B) those of A) your B) theirs

C) me C) me
6. Hangisi Possessive Pronoun'dur? 17. Hangisi çoğuldur?
A) theirs B) she A) that B) we

C) us C) his

A) itself B) him A) his B) others
C) their C) him
8. Hangisi Subject Pronoun'dur? 19. Hangisi tekildir?
A) ours B) she A) yourself B) themselves

C) your C) their
9. Hangisi Possessive Adjective'dir? 20. Hangisi Object Pronoun'dur?
A) himself B) your A) their B) her

C) me C) they
10. Hangisi Possessive Pronoun'dur? 21. Hangisi çoğuldur?

A) yourself B) hers A) one B) our
C) yourselves C) hers
A) our B) its A) one B) theirs

C) us C) its
23. Hangisi Subject Pronoun'dur? 32. Hangisi Reflexive Pronoun'dur?
A) we B) ourselves A) yours B) her

C) yours C) itself
24. Hangisi Possessive Adjective'dir? 33. Hangisi Possessive Pronoun'dur?
A) yours B) I A) myself B) themselves

C) your C) ours
25. Hangisi çoğuldur? 34. Hangisi Subject Pronoun'dur?
A) we B) him A) they B) yourselves

C) that of C) himself
26. Hangisi Reflexive Pronoun'dur? 35. Hangisi Possessive Adjective'dir?
A) ourselves B) yours A) mine B) themselves

C) mine C) my
27. Hangisi Reflexive Pronoun'dur? 36. Hangisi Reflexive Pronoun'dur?
A) her B) himself A) his B) hers

C) ours C) myself
28. Hangisi Possessive Adjective'dir? 37. Hangisi Subject Pronoun'dur?
A) we B) my A) us B) our
C) yours C) you
29. Hangisi tekildir? 38. Hangisi Reflexive Pronoun'dur?
A) he B) we A) their B) themselves
C) these C) hers
30. Hangisi tekildir? 39. Hangisi tekildir?
A) that B) yourselves A) they B) others

C) theirs C) it
31. Hangisi tekildir? 40. Hangisi tekildir?
A) ourselves B) yourself A) yourselves B) hers

C) those of C) theirs
Adjective & Adverb
• Table & Sentences
Table & Sentences > table
comparative
superlative
as … as …
so … as …
very + adj/adv
so + adj/adv
too + adj/adv
adj/adv + enough
enough + isim
the same … as …
so … that SVO
such … that SVO
the comparative … the comparative
Table & Sentences > introduction
1: Women and children are by far the most affected by 11: If you work quickly enough, you will be able to
armed conflicts in Africa. make two of them by lunchtime.
TR: TR:
2: Helmets are one of the most important factor in 12: I have been offered a very good job at a much
preventing head and neck injuries. higher salary.
TR: TR:
13: Lifeboats were lowered and filled with passengers

3: Heart of Darkness is by far the most interesting of as quickly as possible.
all his novels. TR:
TR:
14: A total solar eclipse can last as long as 7 and a

4: The number of countries in North America is much half minutes.
lesser than in the other continents. TR:
TR:
15: There aren't so many people here as usual.

TR:
5: Without the development of debt finance, the world
would be a lot poorer than it is.
TR: 16: Technology is changing so quickly that in many
cases it's hard to make your business and personal
plans.
TR:
6: The number of teaching hours is rather lower in
some undeveloped countries.
TR:
17: The children had so much fun at the carnival that

they begged to go again.
7: More significantly, the women's participation in party TR:
politics is far smaller than men's.
TR:
18: This morning the weather was so bad that I had to

take a taxi.
TR:
8: You need to plan your trip to South America
carefully so that you don't spend all your money too
quickly.
TR: 19: I read this book such a long time ago that I don’t
even remember its plot.
TR:
9: There were too many advances in technology for

military tactics to catch up with. 20: She became confused to such an extent that she
TR: could not even answer a single question correctly.
TR:
10: Maintaining a health lifestyle is important enough to

make a few sacrifices.
TR:
21: The larger your laboratory is, the more successful 23: The tumors are made up of the same tissue as
the research will be. bone, but are much weaker.
TR: TR:
22: The less money the business has to spend on 24: China is almost at the same size as Russia.
advertising, the more profit they can make. TR:
TR:
Table & Sentences > homework
1: Seat belts are one of the most important car seat 12: The Romans were so keen at their attempts to
parts. expand eastward to the Persian Empire and beyond.
TR: TR:
2: Wheat is the third most common of all the cereal

crops.
TR: 13: The news was very surprising to her.
TR:
3: Snakes are by far the most dangerous creatures on 14: Japan is as industrialized as the United States.
the island. TR:
TR:
15: Cigarette smokers are twice as likely as

nonsmokers to develop kidney cancer.
4: Britain has the most severe gun control laws in the
TR:
world.
TR:
16: The radio doesn't work so well as we'd hoped.

5: Butter is a much older food product than margarine. TR:
TR:
17: Things might not be so bad as they were following

6: The weather was rather worse than we had the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.
expected. TR:
TR:
7: The human nose can smell many different odours 18: James was so worried about his missing daughter
but is far less sensitive than other animals such as that he could neither sleep nor eat properly.
dogs. TR:
TR:
19: The wind was so strong that it blew my hat off my

8: Dogs and cats are a lot smaller than human beings. head.
TR: TR:
9: We couldn't swim in the river because it was flowing 20: Jack lives in the same buildings as my brother.
too fast. TR:
TR:
21: The Hubble Space Telescope is almost the same

size as a school bus.
10: The children were all walking happily enough until it TR:
started to rain.
TR:
22: I'm such a coward that I rarely visit the dentist.

TR:
11: Nigeria is large enough to belong to more than one
United Nations committee.
TR: 23: Such was her beauty that men came from far and
near to meet her.
TR:
24: The sooner you get emergency help, the less 25: The more students you have in the class, the less
damage there will be to your heart. effective the teaching will be.
TR: TR:
Transitions
Bu ünitede transition olan bağlaçların kullanım özellikleri ve çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
• Transition List
• Recognition 1
• Recognition 2
Transition List > list
so bu yüzden sonuç
therefore bu yüzden sonuç
thus bu yüzden sonuç
as a result sonuç olarak sonuç
for example örneğin örnek
for instance örneğin örnek
but fakat, ama, ancak zıtlık
however fakat, ama, ancak zıtlık
yet fakat, ama, ancak zıtlık
moreover ayrıca ekleme
in addition ayrıca ekleme
furthermore ayrıca ekleme
and ve ekleme
that is yani, başka bir deyişle diğer
in other words yani, başka bir deyişle diğer
otherwise yoksa, aksi takdirde koşul
nor ne de diğer
instead bunun yerine, onun yerine diğer
in fact aslında diğer
Recognition 1 > introduction
1. "yani, başka bir deyişle" şeklinde çevrilen 10. "ve" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
bağlaç hangisidir?
A) and B) thus
A) instead B) that is C) in addition
C) for example
11. "fakat, ama, ancak" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç

2. "fakat, ama, ancak" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) but B) nor
A) that is B) so C) for example
C) however
12. "ayrıca" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?

3. "örneğin" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
hangisidir? A) for instance B) that is
C) moreover
A) so B) as a result
C) for example
13. "bunun yerine, onun yerine" şeklinde
çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
A) moreover B) instead
A) moreover B) in other words C) for example
C) therefore
14. "yoksa, aksi takdirde" şeklinde çevrilen

5. "fakat, ama, ancak" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç bağlaç hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) as a result B) that is
A) however B) instead C) otherwise
C) nor

6. "örneğin" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç bağlaç hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) therefore B) for instance
A) for instance B) but C) otherwise
C) so

7. "sonuç olarak" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) as a result B) but
A) nor B) as a result C) moreover
C) in other words
17. "bu yüzden" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç

8. "örneğin" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) otherwise B) for instance
A) in fact B) for example C) therefore
C) moreover

9. "yani, başka bir deyişle" şeklinde çevrilen hangisidir?
A) nor B) yet
A) in other words B) for example C) moreover
C) but
19. "yoksa, aksi takdirde" şeklinde çevrilen 20. "fakat, ama, ancak" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
bağlaç hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) otherwise B) in addition A) in other words B) yet

C) that is C) furthermore
Recognition 1 > homework
1. "fakat, ama, ancak" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 10. "bunun yerine, onun yerine" şeklinde
hangisidir? çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
A) yet B) in fact A) instead B) and

C) for example C) otherwise
2. "yani, başka bir deyişle" şeklinde çevrilen 11. "örneğin" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) that is B) however A) in other words B) thus

C) thus C) for example
3. "bu yüzden" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 12. "bunun yerine, onun yerine" şeklinde
A) in other words B) therefore A) that is B) so

C) instead C) instead
4. "aslında" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 13. "bu yüzden" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) yet B) but A) otherwise B) thus
C) in fact C) otherwise
5. "yani, başka bir deyişle" şeklinde çevrilen 14. "yani, başka bir deyişle" şeklinde çevrilen
bağlaç hangisidir? bağlaç hangisidir?
A) thus B) in other words A) however B) in other words
C) otherwise C) moreover
6. "ayrıca" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir? 15. "aslında" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
hangisidir?
A) therefore B) moreover
C) so A) as a result B) that is
C) in fact

hangisidir? 16. "aslında" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
hangisidir?
A) but B) so
C) furthermore A) furthermore B) in fact
C) but

A) for example B) furthermore hangisidir?
C) however
A) thus B) for instance
C) yet
hangisidir?
18. "sonuç olarak" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) therefore B) otherwise hangisidir?
C) however
A) however B) as a result
C) for instance
19. "ayrıca" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir? 29. "ve" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
A) moreover B) in other words A) and B) that is

C) therefore C) instead
20. "yani, başka bir deyişle" şeklinde çevrilen 30. "aslında" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) so B) as a result A) in fact B) nor

C) in other words C) yet
21. "bu yüzden" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 31. "bu yüzden" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) thus B) moreover A) for instance B) and

C) in addition C) therefore
22. "sonuç olarak" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 32. "ayrıca" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) and B) that is
A) as a result B) nor C) in addition
C) in addition

23. "bunun yerine, onun yerine" şeklinde hangisidir?
A) in addition B) furthermore
A) for example B) instead C) therefore
C) in fact

24. "bunun yerine, onun yerine" şeklinde bağlaç hangisidir?
A) for instance B) otherwise
A) in addition B) moreover C) and
C) instead

25. "aslında" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) thus B) furthermore
A) nor B) in fact C) moreover
C) in addition

26. "bunun yerine, onun yerine" şeklinde
çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir? A) otherwise B) however
C) in addition
A) however B) instead
C) in other words
hangisidir?
27. "ne de" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
A) therefore B) and
A) for example B) nor C) in addition
C) that is
38. "yani, başka bir deyişle" şeklinde çevrilen

28. "yani, başka bir deyişle" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
A) in addition B) however
A) in other words B) for instance C) in other words
C) but
39. "fakat, ama, ancak" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 40. "bunun yerine, onun yerine" şeklinde
A) so B) otherwise A) thus B) instead

C) yet C) and
1. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi 10. "however" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) bu yüzden
A) yani, başka bir deyişle B) ne de
B) ve C) fakat, ama, ancak
C) fakat, ama, ancak
11. "otherwise" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

2. "nor" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yoksa, aksi takdirde
A) ne de B) ayrıca
B) ayrıca C) yani, başka bir deyişle
C) bunun yerine, onun yerine
12. "however" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) fakat, ama, ancak
A) yoksa, aksi takdirde B) aslında
B) ayrıca C) bu yüzden
13. "moreover" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

4. "and" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ne de
A) ayrıca B) fakat, ama, ancak
B) bunun yerine, onun yerine C) ayrıca
C) ve
14. "as a result" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) aslında
A) ve B) sonuç olarak
B) yoksa, aksi takdirde C) ne de
C) bunun yerine, onun yerine

6. "thus" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ne de
A) aslında B) aslında
B) ve C) sonuç olarak
C) bu yüzden

A) sonuç olarak
A) ne de B) bunun yerine, onun yerine
B) fakat, ama, ancak C) fakat, ama, ancak
C) yani, başka bir deyişle
17. "that is" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) yani, başka bir deyişle
A) ayrıca B) aslında
B) ve C) ne de
C) yoksa, aksi takdirde

9. "moreover" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) aslında
A) yani, başka bir deyişle B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
B) ayrıca C) bunun yerine, onun yerine
C) ne de
19. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "that is" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) örneğin A) yani, başka bir deyişle

B) ne de B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) aslında C) sonuç olarak
1. "and" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "but" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) bunun yerine, onun yerine A) fakat, ama, ancak
B) ve B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) ayrıca C) sonuç olarak
2. "furthermore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "for example" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) aslında A) örneğin
B) sonuç olarak B) ve
C) ayrıca C) fakat, ama, ancak
3. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) fakat, ama, ancak A) fakat, ama, ancak

B) yani, başka bir deyişle B) aslında
C) aslında C) ve
4. "moreover" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "nor" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) aslında A) ne de
B) ve B) fakat, ama, ancak
C) ayrıca C) ayrıca
5. "as a result" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "that is" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bu yüzden A) yani, başka bir deyişle
B) yani, başka bir deyişle B) ne de
C) sonuç olarak C) yoksa, aksi takdirde
6. "for instance" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) örneğin
B) ayrıca A) aslında
C) aslında B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
7. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

16. "so" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bu yüzden
B) aslında A) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) bunun yerine, onun yerine B) bu yüzden
C) ne de
8. "therefore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

17. "instead" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bunun yerine, onun yerine
B) ne de A) ve
C) bu yüzden B) bunun yerine, onun yerine
C) ayrıca

B) fakat, ama, ancak A) sonuç olarak
C) ayrıca B) ayrıca
19. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi 28. "for example" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) aslında
A) yani, başka bir deyişle B) fakat, ama, ancak
B) ne de C) örneğin
C) sonuç olarak
29. "in addition" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

20. "for instance" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ne de
A) bunun yerine, onun yerine B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
B) bu yüzden C) ayrıca
C) örneğin
30. "therefore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

21. "yet" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ayrıca
A) ve B) bu yüzden
B) fakat, ama, ancak C) örneğin
C) bu yüzden

A) yoksa, aksi takdirde
A) ve B) sonuç olarak
B) bu yüzden C) bu yüzden
C) ne de
32. "yet" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

23. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir? A) bunun yerine, onun yerine
B) aslında
B) bu yüzden
C) aslında
24. "thus" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) bunun yerine, onun yerine

B) ne de
B) ve
C) bu yüzden
34. "in addition" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
25. "so" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) ve

B) örneğin
A) bu yüzden
C) ayrıca
B) sonuç olarak
C) ve
26. "in addition" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) bu yüzden

B) fakat, ama, ancak
C) örneğin
B) yani, başka bir deyişle
C) ayrıca
36. "but" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
27. "as a result" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) fakat, ama, ancak

B) bu yüzden
A) örneğin
C) sonuç olarak
B) sonuç olarak
37. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ve A) ne de
B) bu yüzden B) aslında
C) aslında C) yani, başka bir deyişle
38. "instead" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "therefore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yani, başka bir deyişle A) bu yüzden
B) yoksa, aksi takdirde B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) bunun yerine, onun yerine C) ayrıca
1: Our guests had met before, so we didn't need to 6: People may choose to eat fast foods simply;
introduce them to one another. however, this behaviour can cause serious health
TR: issue.
TR:
2: Glycerine is used in many common products like

soap; therefore there is little waste in the process.
TR: 7: My parents lent me the money; otherwise, I couldn't
have afforded the trip.
TR:
3: The savanna biome is mostly made up of grass but

there are a few trees. 8: The student's essay was badly written. Moreover, it
TR: was too short.
TR:
4: She has studied Turkish for six years, and she can
speak it quite fluently. 9: The majority of hurricanes do not reach land;
TR: instead, they remain at sea.
TR:
5: The river seemed polluted, thus we didn’t swim in it.

10: She is a vegetarian; that is, she does not eat meat.
TR:
TR:
1: Many roads are flooded. As a result, there are long 10: Aloe vera is used to significantly improve hair's
delays. appearance. Furthermore, it has also been reported as
TR: an effective remedy for hair loss.
TR:
2: Humans have tried to domesticate many animals,

but they have succeeded with very few.
TR:
11: We searched all over for our cat, but couldn't find it
anywhere.
3: I had better tell him about the letter, otherwise he TR:
might be angry.
TR:
12: Many parents and students have been complaining
about the program. For example, scores on the end-of-
grade tests have gone down from last year.
4: The peoples of the Great Basin did not have
TR:
permanent housing. Instead, they moved about from
place to place in search of food.
TR:
13: Some people may be allergic to certain oils and

cannot have them on their skin.
5: Jessie isn’t going to be at the meeting, nor will Tom TR:
be there.
TR:
14: Class struggle has always existed. In other words,

6: The first tools were made out of stone, thus, the rich and poor have always been in conflict.
historians refer to the period of time as the Stone Age. TR:
TR:
15: Food doesn't break down completely in the

stomach. In fact, only the first part of digestion
7: You can't rely on her; for instance, she arrived an
happens in the stomach; most of it happens in the
hour late for an important meeting yesterday.
small intestines.
TR:
TR:
8: Basketball is a popular sport worldwide; however,

participation in basketball requires a certain level of
fitness.
TR: 16: There is a great diversity among the living things,
and yet they have a number of features in common.
TR:
9: English will be the language of all the countries in

the world, so people in the world can correspond easily.
17: The decorations were absolutely beautiful;
TR:
moreover, the children had made them themselves.
TR:
18: The lack of trade seriously damaged the local 20: Mobile phone use can cause drivers to take their
economies of Europe during the middle age. In eyes off the road; therefore, they should be banned
addition, there was a general decline in education. from using cell phones.
TR: TR:
19: We hope to grow old, yet we fear old age; that is,
we are willing to live, and afraid to die.
TR:
Conjunctions
Bu ünitede conjunction olan bağlaçların kullanım özellikleri ve çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
• Conjunction List
• Recognition 1
• Recognition 2
Conjunction List > list
when + SVO conj ...dığı zaman zaman
when + V3 conj ...dığı zaman zaman
whenever + SVO conj her ne zaman …se zaman
after + SVO conj ...den sonra zaman
after + noun prep ...den sonra zaman
as soon as + SVO conj … er...mez zaman
once + SVO conj ...den sonra zaman
once + V3 conj ...den sonra zaman
before + SVO conj ...den önce zaman
before + noun prep ...den önce zaman
until + SVO conj …e kadar zaman
until + noun prep …e kadar zaman
by the time + SVO conj …e kadar zaman
while + SVO conj …iken zaman
while + Ving conj …iken zaman
as + SVO conj …iken zaman
just as + SVO conj tam ...iken zaman
as + SVO conj …dıkça, …dikçe zaman
since + SVO conj ...den beri zaman
since + noun prep ...den beri zaman
ever since + SVO conj ...den beri zaman
ever since + noun prep ...den beri zaman
if + SVO conj (eğer) …se koşul
if + V3 conj (eğer) …se koşul
as long as + SVO conj …dığı sürece koşul
so long as + SVO conj …dığı sürece koşul
unless + SVO conj ...mezse, ...medikçe koşul
unless + V3 conj ...mezse, ...medikçe koşul
even if + SVO conj …se bile koşul
only if + SVO conj sadece/ancak …se koşul
because + SVO conj ...dığı için sebep
because + SVO trans çünkü sebep
as + SVO conj ...dığı için sebep
as + SVO trans çünkü sebep
since + SVO conj ...dığı için sebep
since + SVO trans çünkü sebep
although + SVO conj ...e rağmen, fakat zıtlık
though + SVO conj ...e rağmen, fakat zıtlık
even though + SVO conj ...e rağmen, fakat zıtlık
while + SVO conj ...e rağmen, fakat zıtlık
whereas + SVO conj ...e rağmen karşılaştırma
whereas + SVO trans oysa karşılaştırma
while + SVO conj ...e rağmen karşılaştırma
while + SVO trans oysa karşılaştırma
as + SVO conj …gibi benzetme
as + prep conj …gibi benzetme
as + V3 conj …gibi benzetme
just as + SVO conj tıpkı…gibi… benzetme
as if + SVO conj (sanki)...mış gibi diğer
as though + SVO conj (sanki)...mış gibi diğer
so that + SVO conj ...sın diye, böylece amaç
in case + SVO conj ...r diye, ...rsa diye tedbir
1. "...se bile" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 10. "sadece/ancak ...se" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) even if B) as though A) since B) only if

C) whereas C) though
2. "… gibi" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 11. "tam ...iken" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) as B) whereas A) even if B) just as

C) as if C) even though
3. "…iken" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 12. "(sanki) ...mış gibi" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) as long as B) after A) as though B) while

C) as C) as
4. "tıpkı … gibi " şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 13. "...den beri" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) so that B) even if A) since B) in case

C) just as C) only if
5. "...den önce" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 14. "her ne zaman ...se" şeklinde çevrilen
hangisidir? bağlaç hangisidir?
A) before B) only if A) whenever B) once

C) as C) so that
6. "...sın diye, böylece " şeklinde çevrilen 15. "...e kadar" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) even though B) so that A) until B) even though

C) when C) as if
7. "...e rağmen, oysa" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 16. "…dığı zaman" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) whereas B) since A) whenever B) when

C) if C) as soon as
8. "...dığı için, çünkü" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 17. "...e kadar" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) as though B) only if A) until B) before

C) because C) although
9. "…er …mez" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 18. "...e rağmen, fakat" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) only if B) as soon as A) so that B) though
C) in case C) when
19. "(sanki) ...mış gibi" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 20. "sadece/ancak ...se" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) though B) whenever A) while B) so long as

C) as though C) only if
1. "...e rağmen, oysa" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 10. "...mezse, ...medikçe" şeklinde çevrilen
A) as if B) whereas A) by the time B) as though
C) after C) unless
2. "…iken" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 11. "her ne zaman ...se" şeklinde çevrilen
A) as B) unless A) as B) whenever
C) as soon as C) if
3. "...den beri" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 12. "…iken" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) until B) ever since A) ever since B) as

C) as if C) since
4. "...dığı sürece" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 13. "…er …mez" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) so long as B) in case A) as B) because

C) as though C) as soon as
5. "…iken" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 14. "sadece/ancak ...se" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) as though B) so that A) only if B) as though

C) as C) although
6. "...dıkça, ...dikçe" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 15. "...e rağmen, oysa" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) as B) so that A) as long as B) because

C) so long as C) while
7. "(eğer) ...se" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 16. "… gibi" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) whenever B) as A) as B) even if
C) if C) whenever
8. "...e rağmen, oysa" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 17. "...r diye, ...rsa diye" şeklinde çevrilen
A) in case B) whereas A) in case B) if

C) so long as C) as soon as
9. "...dığı sürece" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 18. "...dığı için, çünkü" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) so long as B) whenever A) though B) just as

C) whereas C) as
19. "...e rağmen, fakat" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 28. "...dığı için, çünkü" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) since B) although A) because B) while

C) in case C) when
20. "her ne zaman ...se" şeklinde çevrilen 29. "...dığı sürece" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) because B) whenever A) so long as B) if

C) in case C) even if
21. "...dığı için, çünkü" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 30. "...e kadar" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) whenever B) even if A) as if B) since

C) as C) until
22. "her ne zaman ...se" şeklinde çevrilen 31. "...e rağmen, fakat" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) as B) so long as A) once B) as
C) whenever C) even though
23. "her ne zaman ...se" şeklinde çevrilen 32. "...dıkça, ...dikçe" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) since B) whenever A) as B) though

C) while C) as long as
24. "...dıkça, ...dikçe" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 33. "...e rağmen, fakat" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) as soon as B) as A) even though B) if

C) by the time C) even if
25. "...se bile" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 34. "(sanki) ...mış gibi" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) since B) even if A) ever since B) as if
C) although C) once
26. "...se bile" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 35. "...e kadar" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) while B) even if A) just as B) until
C) before C) though
27. "...r diye, ...rsa diye" şeklinde çevrilen 36. "...dığı sürece" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) in case B) just as A) so long as B) when
C) whenever C) by the time
37. "...dığı için, çünkü" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 39. "...dığı sürece" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) as B) if A) even though B) so long as
C) so long as C) as soon as
38. "...e rağmen, oysa" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 40. "...mezse, ...medikçe" şeklinde çevrilen
A) by the time B) after A) so that B) once
C) whereas C) unless
1. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "just as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye A) ...dığı sürece

B) ...iken B) tıpkı … gibi
C) … gibi C) ...dığı zaman
2. "after" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...dığı zaman A) … gibi

B) ...se bile B) (eğer) ...se
C) …den sonra C) ...e rağmen, fakat
3. "whereas" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "as though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...dığı sürece
B) sadece/ancak ...se B) (sanki) ...mış gibi
C) ...dığı için, çünkü C) ...mezse, ...medikçe
4. "when" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...mezse, ...medikçe A) ...e rağmen, fakat

B) (sanki) ...mış gibi B) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
C) …dığı zaman C) ...den önce
5. "if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "so that" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...sın diye, böylece

B) ...den beri B) (sanki) ...mış gibi
C) (eğer) ...se C) ...dığı zaman
6. "by the time" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "whereas" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye A) ...er ...mez
B) …e kadar B) ...e rağmen, oysa
C) ...dığı için, çünkü C) ...dıkça, ...dikçe
7. "only if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "even though" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ...se bile
B) (sanki) ...mış gibi A) ...se bile
C) sadece/ancak ...se B) ...den sonra
C) ...e rağmen, fakat
8. "unless" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

17. "until" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...mezse, ...medikçe
B) … gibi A) ...e rağmen, fakat
C) ...dığı için, çünkü B) … gibi
C) …e kadar
9. "whereas" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

18. "as though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...dıkça, ...dikçe
B) her ne zaman ...se A) (sanki) ...mış gibi
C) ...e rağmen, oysa B) ...den sonra
C) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
19. "whereas" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "in case" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
B) ...den beri B) ...mezse, ...medikçe
C) ...dıkça, ...dikçe C) ...den önce
1. "whereas" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "even if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) (eğer) ...se A) ...se bile

B) ...e rağmen, oysa B) ...e rağmen, oysa
C) … gibi C) sadece/ancak ...se
2. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "so long as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den önce A) (eğer) ...se

B) ...dığı için, çünkü B) ...dığı için, çünkü
C) ...se bile C) ...dığı sürece
3. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "just as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, fakat A) ...dığı sürece
B) ...e rağmen, oysa B) ...dığı zaman
C) … gibi C) tıpkı … gibi
4. "only if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "although" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...dığı sürece A) ...den beri

B) ...sın diye, böylece B) ...e rağmen, fakat
C) sadece/ancak ...se C) ...dığı zaman
5. "as though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "as soon as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) (eğer) ...se A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye

B) ...dığı sürece B) tıpkı … gibi
C) (sanki) ...mış gibi C) …er …mez
6. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "once" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e kadar A) ...dığı sürece

B) (sanki) ...mış gibi B) …den sonra
C) ...dıkça, ...dikçe C) ...e rağmen, fakat
7. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) … gibi A) ...den beri
B) ...er ...mez B) (eğer) ...se
C) ...e kadar C) tıpkı … gibi
8. "ever since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) (sanki) ...mış gibi A) ...den önce

B) ...den beri B) ...dığı sürece
C) tam ...iken C) ...e rağmen, fakat
9. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den beri A) ...dıkça, ...dikçe

B) ...r diye, ...rsa diye B) ...e rağmen, fakat
C) ...iken C) ...mezse, ...medikçe
19. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...den beri

B) … gibi B) her ne zaman ...se
C) ...mezse, ...medikçe C) ...iken
20. "whenever" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, fakat A) (eğer) ...se
B) ...dığı sürece B) ...er ...mez
C) her ne zaman ...se C) her ne zaman ...se
21. "ever since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "even if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den beri A) ...dıkça, ...dikçe

B) ...dığı sürece B) ...dığı sürece
C) ...e rağmen, fakat C) ...se bile
22. "after" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "so long as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) (sanki) ...mış gibi A) ...e rağmen, oysa

B) ...r diye, ...rsa diye B) ...e kadar
C) …den sonra C) ...dığı sürece
23. "whereas" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "as long as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den beri A) ...dığı sürece

B) ...dığı zaman B) … gibi
C) ...e rağmen, oysa C) her ne zaman ...se
24. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 33. "because" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e kadar A) ...dığı için, çünkü
B) ...iken B) ...den önce
C) sadece/ancak ...se C) ...se bile
25. "after" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 34. "before" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...mezse, ...medikçe

B) ...e rağmen, fakat B) ...iken
C) …den sonra C) …den önce
26. "by the time" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 35. "once" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, fakat A) ...sın diye, böylece

B) …e kadar B) …den sonra
C) (eğer) ...se C) ...mezse, ...medikçe
27. "even though" bağlacının çevirisi 36. "ever since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) … gibi
A) her ne zaman ...se B) ...den beri
B) ...dığı zaman C) tıpkı … gibi
C) ...e rağmen, fakat
37. "as though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) … gibi A) ...dığı için, çünkü
B) (sanki) ...mış gibi B) ...mezse, ...medikçe
C) ...e rağmen, oysa C) ...iken
38. "as soon as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye A) her ne zaman ...se

B) …er …mez B) … gibi
C) (sanki) ...mış gibi C) ...sın diye, böylece
1: The Neolithic Age ended when people stopped using 6: If the ice at Antarctica melted, the sea levels would
stone tools and started to use metal tools. rise by 200 feet.
TR: TR:
7: Twinless twins are a topic of interest for some

2: The employers will start negotiations as soon as the psychologists because their experiences are quite
workers return to work. unique.
TR: TR:
3: By the time the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in

late 1941, real per capita GDP was below 1929 levels. 8: Although epilepsy is not commonly fatal, some
TR: people do die from the disorder.
TR:
4: I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the 9: Whereas English has just five vowel sounds, some
letter, so I made several mistakes. languages have 30 or more.
TR: TR:
5: Ever since HG Wells published his book Time 10: As everyone knows, an internal combustion engine
Machine in 1885, people have been curious about time needs fuel to operate.
travel. TR:
TR:
1: Children under 16 should not be given aspirin unless 11: The hospital has a backup generator in case there
your doctor specifically advises this. is a power cut.
TR: TR:
12: As long as they promise not to give any harm, the

2: Once diagnosed, there are several treatments for children can play in my garden.
measles. TR:
TR:
3: Just as Minoan society was growing and seeing 13: The volcano is still active, as evidenced by the
great success, it suddenly disappeared. recent eruption.
TR: TR:
14: Though coal-powered steam engines were

4: For many children, the cycle of poverty begins even excellent for pulling trains, they weren't so good in
before birth. cars.
TR: TR:
5: By the time we entered first grade, most of us had

active vocabularies of several thousand words.
15: The protons are in the middle of an atom whereas
TR:
the electrons float around the outside.
TR:
6: The right to marriage should be given to everyone so

long as it does not hurt anyone. 16: Artifacts from King Tut's tomb have been exhibited
TR: almost constantly since they were discovered in 1922.
TR:
7: Even though acne can't be cured, it can be

controlled with treatment.
TR: 17: After World War II ended, Germany became
divided, and the Berlin Wall was erected in 1961.
TR:
8: Flamingos hold their breath while feeding.

TR:
18: Pythons kill by wrapping themselves around their
9: Since their eyes are sensitive to harsh light, most prey so that they cannot breathe.
albinos suffer from poor vision. TR:
TR:
19: Uranus experiences seasons, while most other

10: If you watch the sky for a month, it seems as if the planets do not.
moon changes in size and shape. TR:
TR:
20: Once the passport is issued, someone can use it

whenever he or she travels overseas.
TR:
21: Many adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity 26: Tadpoles feed on algae and zooplankton until they
Disorder feel as though no one understands them. transform into young frogs.
TR: TR:
27: Even if we wanted to return to pre-technology days,

22: By the end of the 1970s, smallpox had disappeared it would be impossible.
completely because nearly everyone was vaccinated. TR:
TR:
28: As soon as the bristles on your toothbrush begin to

wear, throw it out.
23: If needed, X-rays and blood tests can be used to TR:
aid diagnosis.
TR:
29: As with all pre-industrial civilizations, Ancient

Egypt’s economy was based on agriculture.
24: Sharks are generally aggressive only if they are TR:
threatened or disturbed.
TR:
30: When compared to other stars in the universe, the

25: Ever since the Moon landings, there have been Sun is of average size.
other explorations to the Moon. TR:
TR:
Prepositional Phrases
Bu ünitede prepositional phrase olan bağlaçların kullanım özellikleri ve çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
• Prepositional Phrase List

• Recognition 1
• Recognition 2
Prepositional Phrase List > list
because of PP ...den dolayı sebep
due to PP ...den dolayı sebep
owing to PP ...den dolayı sebep
on account of PP ...den dolayı sebep
as a result of PP ...ın sonucu olarak sebep
thanks to PP ...ın sayesinde sebep
by means of PP …aracılığıyla sebep
with the help of PP …ın yardımıyla sebep
despite prep …e rağmen zıtlık
in spite of PP …e rağmen zıtlık
unlike prep ...ın aksine karşılaştırma
contrary to PP …ın aksine karşılaştırma
as well as PP ...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca ekleme
in addition to PP ...e ilaveten ekleme
besides prep ...e ilaveten ekleme
in case of PP … durumunda, … halinde tedbir
in the event of PP … durumunda, … halinde tedbir
instead of PP ...ın yerine diğer
in place of PP ...ın yerine diğer
rather than PP den ziyade diğer
according to PP …e göre diğer
on behalf of PP ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına diğer
in terms of PP …açısından diğer
such as PP …gibi, örneğin, mesela örnek
like prep …gibi benzetme
in order to PP ...mek için amaç
1. "…gibi, örneğin, mesela" şeklinde çevrilen 10. "...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca"
bağlaç hangisidir? şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
A) on behalf of B) such as A) rather than B) due to

C) by means of C) as well as
2. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 11. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) instead of B) in case of A) on behalf of B) owing to

C) owing to C) such as
3. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 12. "...e ilaveten" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) according to B) owing to A) in place of B) despite

C) in spite of C) in addition to
4. "… gibi" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 13. "…ın sayesinde" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) as well as B) rather than A) on behalf of B) in the event of

C) like C) thanks to
5. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 14. "...mek için" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) instead of B) on account of A) in spite of B) with the help of

C) like C) in order to
A) rather than B) on account of A) owing to B) in terms of

C) unlike C) according to
7. "...den ziyade" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 16. "...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca"
hangisidir? şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
A) by means of B) rather than A) as well as B) in place of

C) in addition to C) by means of
8. "...ın sonucu olarak" şeklinde çevrilen 17. "…e rağmen" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) in terms of B) on behalf of A) on behalf of B) because of

C) as a result of C) in spite of
9. "...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına" 18. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) in the event of B) on behalf of A) despite B) on account of
C) in case of C) on behalf of
19. "… gibi" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 20. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) because of B) like A) in terms of B) because of

C) on account of C) in place of
1. "...ın aksine" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 10. "...e ilaveten" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) unlike B) in terms of A) besides B) in the event of
C) in order to C) on behalf of
2. "…e rağmen" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 11. "… durumunda, … halinde" şeklinde
A) despite B) in case of A) by means of B) in the event of

C) because of C) such as
3. "…e rağmen" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 12. "...e ilaveten" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) owing to B) in place of A) owing to B) in addition to

C) despite C) instead of
4. "...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca" 13. "…aracılığıyla" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) as well as B) with the help of A) by means of B) instead of

C) like C) such as
5. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 14. "… durumunda, … halinde" şeklinde
A) due to B) despite A) thanks to B) due to

C) in spite of C) in the event of
6. "…ın yardımıyla" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 15. "...e ilaveten" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) such as B) with the help of A) according to B) contrary to

C) unlike C) in addition to
7. "…e rağmen" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 16. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) like B) despite A) according to B) unlike

C) unlike C) owing to
8. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 17. "… durumunda, … halinde" şeklinde
A) on account of B) despite A) rather than B) in the event of

C) rather than C) thanks to
9. "…gibi, örneğin, mesela" şeklinde çevrilen 18. "…ın yardımıyla" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) because of B) owing to A) in case of B) with the help of

C) such as C) in the event of
19. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 28. "...ın aksine" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) like B) because of A) with the help of B) contrary to

C) rather than C) thanks to
20. "...e ilaveten" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 29. "…e göre" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) besides B) such as A) despite B) in the event of

C) on behalf of C) according to
21. "...e ilaveten" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 30. "...den ziyade" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) due to B) unlike A) rather than B) as well as

C) in addition to C) in spite of
22. "...den ziyade" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 31. "…e rağmen" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) in spite of B) rather than A) in terms of B) contrary to

C) due to C) in spite of
23. "… gibi" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 32. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) in terms of B) like A) unlike B) according to

C) with the help of C) on account of
24. "… durumunda, … halinde" şeklinde 33. "...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca"
çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir? şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç hangisidir?
A) on account of B) in the event of A) such as B) as well as

C) in place of C) in order to
25. "…e göre" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 34. "…ın yardımıyla" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) contrary to B) according to A) in place of B) with the help of
C) on account of C) on behalf of
26. "…ın yardımıyla" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 35. "...ın sonucu olarak" şeklinde çevrilen
A) in terms of B) on behalf of A) as a result of B) like
C) with the help of C) in spite of
27. "...mek için" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 36. "...mek için" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) in order to B) rather than A) in addition to B) because of
C) owing to C) in order to
37. "...ın yerine" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç 39. "den dolayı" şeklinde çevrilen bağlaç
A) in addition to B) due to A) despite B) owing to
C) instead of C) unlike
A) such as B) as well as A) on account of B) like
C) because of C) in terms of
1. "in addition to" bağlacının çevirisi 9. "besides" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) …aracılığıyla
A) ...ın yerine B) …gibi
B) ...e ilaveten C) ...e ilaveten
C) ...ın sayesinde
10. "in place of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

2. "in case of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela
A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela B) ...ın yerine
B) … durumunda, … halinde C) ...ın sayesinde
C) ...den dolayı
11. "on account of" bağlacının çevirisi

3. "in addition to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) …ın aksine
A) …gibi B) ...den dolayı
B) ...e ilaveten C) …e rağmen
C) …aracılığıyla
12. "contrary to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

4. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir? A) ...ın yerine
B) ...ın aksine
A) ...den ziyade
C) ...den dolayı
B) …aracılığıyla
C) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
13. "in spite of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
5. "on account of" bağlacının çevirisi A) …ın aksine

hangisidir? B) …aracılığıyla
C) …e rağmen
A) ...den dolayı
B) ...e ilaveten
C) …ın aksine 14. "according to" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
6. "in place of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) …açısından

B) ...e ilaveten
A) ...ın yerine
C) …e göre
B) …açısından
C) …e rağmen
7. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi A) ...ın sonucu olarak

hangisidir? B) ...ın yerine
C) … durumunda, … halinde
A) ...mek için
B) ...den ziyade
C) …aracılığıyla 16. "owing to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
8. "as a result of" bağlacının çevirisi B) ...ın yerine
hangisidir? C) ...den dolayı
A) ...ın sonucu olarak
B) …ın aksine
17. "as a result of" bağlacının çevirisi 19. "according to" bağlacının çevirisi
A) ...ın yerine A) ...den ziyade

B) ...ın sonucu olarak B) …e göre
C) ...den ziyade C) … durumunda, … halinde
18. "according to" bağlacının çevirisi 20. "with the help of" bağlacının çevirisi
A) …e göre A) ...e ilaveten

B) …ın aksine B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
C) ...ın yerine C) …ın yardımıyla
1. "instead of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "owing to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …e rağmen A) ...e ilaveten

B) ...ın yerine B) ...den dolayı
C) ...ın sayesinde C) ...ın yerine
2. "like" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "in place of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …gibi A) ...den dolayı

B) …ın aksine B) ...ın yerine
C) ...ın sonucu olarak C) …e rağmen
3. "due to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "such as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …e göre A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela
B) ...den dolayı B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
C) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına C) …e rağmen
4. "thanks to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "with the help of" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ...ın sayesinde
B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına A) ...e ilaveten
C) ...mek için B) …ın yardımıyla
5. "rather than" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

13. "despite" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den ziyade
B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına A) ...e ilaveten
C) ...ın sonucu olarak B) ...ın sonucu olarak
C) …e rağmen
6. "in addition to" bağlacının çevirisi

hangisidir? 14. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ...mek için
B) … durumunda, … halinde A) ...ın yerine
C) ...e ilaveten B) …e göre
7. "according to" bağlacının çevirisi

hangisidir? 15. "in addition to" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) …e göre
B) ...ın sonucu olarak A) …açısından
C) ...ın sayesinde B) ...e ilaveten
C) …e rağmen
8. "in terms of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

16. "like" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
B) …açısından A) …gibi
C) ...den ziyade B) ...den ziyade
C) ...ın sonucu olarak
17. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi 26. "besides" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) ...e ilaveten
A) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına B) …gibi
B) …ın aksine C) …ın yardımıyla
27. "on behalf of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela
A) ...den ziyade B) ...ın yerine
B) …gibi C) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
C) …ın aksine
28. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi

19. "such as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) ...den dolayı A) ...e ilaveten
B) ...ın sonucu olarak B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
C) …gibi, örneğin, mesela C) …aracılığıyla
20. "because of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "thanks to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den ziyade A) ...ın sayesinde

B) ...mek için B) …ın aksine
C) ...den dolayı C) …gibi
21. "in terms of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "in order to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …açısından A) ...e ilaveten

B) …e göre B) ...mek için
C) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına C) … durumunda, … halinde
22. "contrary to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "such as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...mek için A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela

B) ...ın yerine B) ...mek için
C) ...ın aksine C) …aracılığıyla
23. "as a result of" bağlacının çevirisi 32. "instead of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) … durumunda, … halinde
A) ...ın sonucu olarak B) …aracılığıyla
B) …e rağmen C) ...ın yerine
C) ...den ziyade
33. "in spite of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) …aracılığıyla
A) … durumunda, … halinde B) …e rağmen
B) ...den ziyade C) ...ın yerine
34. "besides" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

25. "owing to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...ın sonucu olarak
A) … durumunda, … halinde B) ...e ilaveten
B) ...den ziyade C) …ın yardımıyla
C) ...den dolayı
35. "in addition to" bağlacının çevirisi 38. "besides" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) …gibi B) ...den dolayı
B) …ın yardımıyla C) ...e ilaveten
C) ...e ilaveten
39. "in place of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

36. "on account of" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir? A) …açısından
B) ...ın yerine
A) ...den dolayı
B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
40. "with the help of" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ...e ilaveten
A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela B) ...ın yerine
B) ...ın sonucu olarak C) …ın yardımıyla
C) ...den ziyade
1: Obesity has a strong impact on children, teenager 7: The health of women and children in particular
and adults due to its dangerous health risks. suffers as a result of indoor air pollution.
TR: TR:
2: A helmet protects the head in case of falls or 8: Besides greater processing power, nanotechnology
crashes, and can save your life. in computers is providing advanced means of memory
TR: storage.
TR:
3: The future of water is highly uncertain because of

uncontrollable factors such as weather.
TR: 9: In order to benefit from aerobic exercise, you need
to work hard enough to increase your heart rate.
TR:
4: Angel Falls is one of the major tourist attractions in

Venezuela, despite its location and difficulty to reach.
TR:
10: Unlike all other parts of the body, the brain can only
function by using glucose, and cannot rely on fat to
produce energy.
TR:
5: Rather than consuming large amounts of fried food,

one can make healthier diet choices.
TR:
6: We express our thought by means of words.

TR:
1: Potassium is a mineral rather than a vitamin. 11: According to scientists, REM sleep is good for
TR: brain development.
TR:
2: People choose jobs for other reasons besides

money.
TR: 12: Coral reefs are dying off at record rates, thanks to
pollution, disease and global warming.
TR:
3: Towards the end of medieval era, trumpets were
being used in music as well as on the battlefield.
TR:
13: The vicepresident attended the ceremony on behalf
of the president.
TR:
4: Many people turn to herbal remedies in order to deal
with panic disorder.
TR: 14: Agricultural trade is becoming more global due to
advances in technology and trade agreements among
counties.
TR:
5: Metro doors can be opened in the event of an
emergency.
TR:
15: Unlike the other planets of the Outer Solar system,

6: With the help of the neighbours the fire was at last Pluto has no rings.
brought under control. TR:
TR:
16: Instead of working hard at her lessons, Mary has

7: Besides in the wild, corn snakes can be found as spent her time completing a jigsaw puzzle recently.
pets in the numerous homes worldwide. TR:
TR:
8: The nanotechnology market is viewed as risky 17: Contrary to popular belief, aerobics do not have to
owing to the still developing nature of the technology. be performed within a typical fitness center setting.
TR: TR:
9: Due to their large size, elephants need to eat 150 kg 18: Despite their small size, microwaves carry a huge
of vegetation per day. amount of energy.
TR: TR:
10: Lung cancer is the most common cause of death 19: Over time, the skin gradually darkens as a result of
on account of cancer in both men and women around sun exposure.
the world. TR:
TR:
20: In addition to new arrangements, extra ambulances

will be on duty until midnight.
TR:
21: Dinosaurs are believed to be brightly coloured like 26: She kept on drinking too much alcohol, despite her
modern snakes or birds. doctor's repeated advice.
TR: TR:
22: Exercises can bring you several benefits in terms 27: Owing to the snow, the train was delayed.
of health and fitness in the long-term perspective. TR:
TR:
28: Because of its high price, people might consider

poultry and fish in place of red meat.
TR:
23: The number of people with diabetes is growing,
partly because of an increase in levels of obesity.
TR:
29: Basic swimming abilities are strongly
recommended in case of emergency.
TR:
24: In spite of its name, water allergy is usually not

considered as a true allergy.
TR: 30: Energy can be removed from the system or added
to the system by means of an electric motor generator.
TR:
25: Some fishing methods, such as the use of nets,

kill a large number of dolphins every year.
TR:
Correlative Conjunctions
Bu ünitede correlative conjunction olan bağlaçların kullanım özellikleri ve çevirisi anlatılmaktadır.
• Correlative List
Correlative List > list
not only…but also… sadece… değil ayrıca...
both…and… hem… hem de… / gerek… gerek…
either…or… ya… ya da…
neither…nor… ne…ne de…
whether…or… ister…ister…
not…but… …değil…
the same …(as)… …ile aynı…
as…as… …kadar…
so…as… …kadar… (sadece olumsuz cümlede)
so…that… o kadar … ki …
such…that… o kadar … ki …
such…as… …gibi…, örneğin, mesela
the more…the more… ne kadar… o kadar…
more…than… …den daha fazla…
less…than… …den daha az…
1: Life is not so easy in Ankara as it used to be. 7: The sooner you get emergency help, the less
TR: damage there will be to your heart.
TR:
2: Today, robotic toys are far more advanced than the

early models.
TR: 8: Excessive stress and depression not only affects
the function of the brain, but they also affect heart
health.
3: Today's telescopes are so strong that the planet TR:
should be able to be seen within the next few years.
TR:
9: Whether he will succeed or not depends on his

efforts.
4: About a fifth of the world's 10,000 freshwater fish TR:
and plant species are either extinct or endangered.
TR:
10: Neither fish nor insects have eyelids; their eyes are
protected by a hardened lens.
TR:
5: Throughout history, humans have both affected, and

been affected by, the natural world.
TR:
6: Ancient people believed there was not just one god

but a number of gods and goddesses.
TR:
1: I had put on such a lot of weight that I couldn't get 13: The Sahara Desert gets more rain than Antarctica.
into my trousers. TR:
TR:
14: No bird is so beautiful as the peacock.

TR:
2: The older she gets, the more attractive she
becomes.
TR: 15: This is not caused by evil, but by simple
ignorance.
TR:
3: Poetry is as serious and important as philosophy.
TR:
16: The larger your laboratory is, the more successful
the research will be.
4: The geography of Tunisia is so unique that it has TR:
become a popular filming area.
TR:
17: In ancient Egypt, the concept of beauty was not

only limited to one’s appearance, but it was also a sign
of holiness.
5: The saxophone is much more complicated to play TR:
than the flute.
TR:
6: Strength is not as important as technique and skill,

as well as timing. 18: Treat others the same way you want them to treat
TR: you.
TR:
7: You need to decide whether you want a digital or 19: My father is such an obstinate person that it's no
analogue watch. use trying to dissuade him from his decisions.
TR: TR:
8: Eating disorder is actually not about food, but about

self-worth, perception and esteem. 20: Most business owners either don’t know the value
TR: of their business or may overvalue the business.
TR:
9: Neither my mother nor my father went to university.

TR:
21: Success in any relationship, whether romantic or
otherwise, is attributed to good communication.
10: You should only buy such things as you need for TR:
your everyday life.
TR:
22: Migraines are less common than tension

11: Aluminium is not so strong as steel. headaches.
TR: TR:
12: White ginseng is typically less expensive than the 23: The fruit’s flesh is usually the same color as its
red variety. skin.
TR: TR:
24: Both politics and religion are quite prominent areas 28: Flavoured vinegar includes such flavours as
for discussion. raspberry and blueberry.
TR: TR:
25: Stress happens when the body has to react to 29: Both ecosystems and human well-being are very
certain situations either mentally, emotionally, or vulnerable to climate change.
physically. TR:
TR:
30: Not only does she run her own business, but she
also does a lot of work for charity.
26: Cocaine is so dangerous that using it just once can TR:
make you have a heart attack or can kill you.
TR:
27: They had sufficient naval power, but neither strong

resources on land nor airpower.
TR:
Conditionals
Bu ünitede İngilizcedeki koşul cümlelerin kullanım tipleri ve çevirisi öğretilmektedir.
• Conditionals Table
• Recognition
Conditionals Table > table
type 0
real-present
yan cümle ana cümle
if simple present simple present
notlar
type 1
real-present
will V1
if simple present can V1
may V1
notlar
type 2
unreal-present
would V1
if simple past
could V1
notlar
type 3
unreal-past
would have V3
if past perfect
could have V3
notlar
mixed type 3/2
unreal-past / unreal-present
if past perfect would V1
could V1
notlar
mixed type 2/3
unreal-present / unreal-past
would have V3
if simple past
could have V3
notlar
inversion
will V1
type - 1 Should you do … can V1
may V1
would V1
type - 2 Were you to do …
could V1
would have V3
type - 3 Had you done …
could have V3
notlar
Recognition > introduction
1. If Mark had gotten the job instead of Joe, he 6. If I owned a lonely island, I would build a
would be moving to Shanghai. huge house by the beach.
A) type - 0 B) type - 1 A) type - 0 B) type - 1

C) type - 2 D) type - 3 C) type - 2 D) type - 3
E) mixed type E) mixed type
2. You would have had no trouble at school if 7. When it rains, the grass gets wet.
you had done your homework.
A) type - 0 B) type - 1
A) type - 0 B) type - 1 C) type - 2 D) type - 3
C) type - 2 D) type - 3 E) mixed type
E) mixed type
8. If the cat hides in the tree, the dog will not

3. They would have enjoyed the party if more find it.
of their friends had been there.
E) mixed type
9. If I were rich, I would travel around the

4. If he didn’t really love you, he wouldn’t have world.
bought this ring for you.
E) mixed type
10. Farmers get very angry if you leave gates

5. If you need to contact me, I will stay at the open in the country.
Hilton Hotel until 5 p.m. on Friday.
E) mixed type
Recognition > homework
1. If Julie doesn't wear a hat, she gets 8. Susan could have worked as a model if she
sunstroke. had been taller.
2. I will carry your bag if you prepare dinner for 9. Great Britain could have won another
us. Olympic gold had the women's football team
been allowed to compete.
C) type - 2 D) type - 3 A) type - 0 B) type - 1
E) mixed type C) type - 2 D) type - 3
E) mixed type
3. I could be a millionaire now if I had invested

in ABC Plumbing. 10. If I had gone to the sales, I'm sure I would
have bought something.
E) mixed type
4. If we had looked at the map, we wouldn't be

lost. 11. If we had known about the lecture, we would
have attended it.
E) mixed type
5. I will be very angry with you if you do not

stop smoking. 12. If he tried harder, he would reach his goals.
6. I wouldn't go to school by bus if I had a 13. If she does not hurry, we will miss the bus.
driving licence.
E) mixed type
14. If Cindy were more creative, the company

7. If Darren hadn't wasted his Christmas bonus would send her to New York to work on the
gambling in Las Vegas, he would go to new advertising campaign.
Mexico with us next month.
E) mixed type
15. If I don't know a word, I look in my 18. If you are out of work, you are entitled to
dictionary. unemployment benefit.

16. He would be able to pass the exam if he 19. I will lend you the book if you promise to
studied harder. return it tomorrow.

17. Lisa would find the milk if she looked in the 20. Their teacher gets annoyed if students use
fridge. their mobile phones in class.
1: Plants die if they don't get enough water. 7: If she had gone on a diet last year, she would be
TR: thinner now.
TR:
2: If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would

have made a complete recovery by this time.
TR: 8: If you don’t treat diabetes, it may cause health
problems and sometimes may even be deadly.
TR:
3: If the students weren’t afraid of their teacher, they

wouldn’t have tried to lie to him.
TR: 9: Should he come here, we will watch the movie
together.
TR:
4: If she smoked less, her sore throat would get better. 10: Everything would be very different if your father
TR: were still alive.
TR:
5: Were it not important, my friend would not have

asked me a favour.
TR:
6: Had the fire been left to burn, the rest of the room
would have been completely destroyed.
TR:
1: If a motorbike doesn't have enough fuel, it doesn't 12: If you were given a choice to live as long as you
run. want, how long would you like to live?
TR: TR:
2: There wouldn't be so many accidents at the

crossroads if people drove more slowly. 13: If Sam spoke Russian, he would have translated
TR: the letter for you.
TR:
3: Were the driver faster, we would’ve arrived ages

ago. 14: If you don't recharge its battery, your mobile phone
TR: doesn't work.
TR:
4: If you keep on working hard, eventually you will

succeed. 15: If you had been able to graduate from university,
TR: you could have found a good job.
TR:
5: Water freezes if the temperature falls below zero.

TR:
16: Should you not wish to sign the contract, you must
let them know before the end of June.
6: Had the people not been informed, the situation TR:
would have been much worse.
TR:
17: If she had taken her medicine last night, she

wouldn't have a terrible headache now.
7: We wouldn’t be able to stand up if we didn’t have
TR:
bones.
TR:
18: You cut your risk for heart attack in half within a
8: Were Ukraine to join NATO, Russia would be
year if you quit smoking.
expected to abandon its naval base.
TR:
TR:
19: If she were to be late again, she would have to

9: Should any adverse effect be experienced, medical
have a conference with the manager.
attention should be sought urgently.
TR:
TR:
20: I would have invited your family to lunch if I was a

10: Should you decide the sell the house, I will be good cook.
happy to buy it from you. TR:
TR:
21: Were Anna not a smart person, she would give all
11: If the wind hadn't been so strong, the bridge her money to Nick.
wouldn't have collapsed. TR:
TR:
22: If the birth rate in India is not controlled, the 27: Had we got just one more signature, we’d be on
population will double in the next 25 years. target now.
TR: TR:
28: If she had enough money, she could have bought a

23: Had we booked our flight earlier, it would have been new car long ago.
cheaper. TR:
TR:
29: If the train hadn't stopped quickly, the little boy

24: A child could be born with haemophilia if both would have been killed instantly.
parents have the haemophilia gene. TR:
TR:
30: Nicole couldn't speak Chinese fluently if she hadn't

25: If a subway system had been built, people wouldn't lived in China for ten years.
lose much time in the traffic today. TR:
TR:
26: If my friend's illness had been diagnosed a year

earlier, it might have been cured.
TR:
Relative Clause
Bu ünitede relative clause çevirisi ve marker'ların kullanım yerleri anlatılmaktadır.
• Markers
• Recognition
Markers > list
önüne ne gelir? marker sonuna ne gelir?
who
whom
which
where
when
why
whose
that
whereby
by which
notlar
Recognition > introduction
1. Hangisi virgülden sonra gelemez? 6. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelebilir?
A) why B) that A) where B) who

C) which C) in which
2. Hangisi sebebi niteleyebilir? 7. Hangisi insanları niteleyebilir?
A) why B) in which A) who B) which

C) where C) why
3. Hangisi nesneleri niteleyebilir? 8. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelemez?

A) when B) why A) that B) where
C) which C) which
4. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir? 9. Hangisi yer isimlerini niteleyebilir?
A) whereby B) who A) whom B) whose

C) whose C) why
5. Hangisi zaman ifadelerini niteleyebilir? 10. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelebilir?
A) that B) where A) whereby B) why

C) whereby C) who
Recognition > homework
1. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelebilir? 12. Hangisi yer isimlerini niteleyebilir?
A) where B) in which A) who B) in which

C) who C) that
2. Hangisi zaman ifadelerini niteleyebilir? 13. Hangisi yer isimlerini niteleyebilir?

A) whom B) why A) where B) why
C) when C) whom
3. Hangisi sebebi niteleyebilir? 14. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelemez?
A) when B) whereby A) that B) who

C) why C) when
4. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir? 15. Hangisi nesneleri niteleyebilir?
A) who B) whose A) that B) where

C) where C) why
5. Hangisi virgülden sonra gelemez? 16. Hangisi zaman ifadelerini niteleyebilir?

A) who B) whose A) who B) where
C) that C) that
6. Hangisi nesneleri niteleyebilir? 17. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelebilir?
A) which B) who A) where B) in which

C) why C) that
7. Hangisi insanları niteleyebilir? 18. Hangisi virgülden sonra gelemez?
A) why B) whereby A) that B) whom

C) whom C) which
8. Hangisi nesneleri niteleyebilir? 19. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelebilir?

A) where B) whom A) in which B) that
C) that C) when
9. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelemez? 20. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir?
A) when B) which A) when B) whose

C) who C) whom
10. Hangisi insanları niteleyebilir? 21. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelebilir?
A) who B) where A) why B) whereby

C) which C) that
11. Hangisi virgülden sonra gelemez? 22. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelemez?
A) that B) when A) why B) which
C) why C) who
23. Hangisi insanları niteleyebilir? 27. Hangisi insanları niteleyebilir?
A) who B) whereby A) when B) who
C) which C) in which
24. Hangisi sebebi niteleyebilir? 28. Hangisi yer isimlerini niteleyebilir?
A) that B) where A) whereby B) in which

C) whose C) whom
25. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir? 29. Hangisi zaman ifadelerini niteleyebilir?
A) whose B) that A) whereby B) why

C) who C) when
26. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelemez? 30. Hangisi virgülden sonra gelemez?
A) when B) who A) whom B) whereby
C) that C) that
1: Meteorologists are scientists who study and 7: A sports columnist is a writer whose primary job is
forecast weather. to give his or her opinion on sports.
TR: TR:
2: The person whom you are calling cannot be reached

at the moment. 8: Most countries whose industries had been damaged
TR: moved towards economic recovery.
TR:
3: Elephants, which are the largest land mammals, live

in herds of 10 or more adults.
TR: 9: Cancer is the enemy that the scientists have been
fighting against for years.
TR:
4: The Milky Way is the galaxy where our Earth is

located.
TR: 10: Yoga increases your joint mobility, which increases
your flexibility and fitness levels.
TR:
5: Wheat should be planted in spring when earth is
warm and moist.
TR:
6: No one knows the reason why a cancerous cell

grows and divides endlessly.
TR:
1: Anxiety is a common behaviour, which happens due 11: The twentieth century is an age when many people
to work or personal issues. are starved for fantasy.
TR: TR:
2: The girl, whom cannot be named for legal reasons, 12: Soil erosion is now widespread in Africa, which has
has given a statement to the police. led to reduced productivity.
TR: TR:
3: The Mayans, who lived in Central America, built 13: We live in an apartment building where pets aren't
many stunning temples. allowed, so we can't have a cat.
TR: TR:
4: A king is a head of state who inherits his position 14: When the road freezes, it expands, which will
from his family. cause cracks.
TR: TR:
5: Memory is a function of the brain that sometimes 15: Antarctica has only a couple of short rivers which
might need improvement. flow only during the summer.
TR: TR:
6: She didn't forget the year when the earthquake 16: More than half the people who become infected
caused great damage. with bird flu die of the disease.
TR: TR:
7: Strawberry is the only fruit whose seeds grow on the

17: People whose diets are rich in vitamins are less
outside.
likely to develop some types of cancer.
TR:
TR:
8: Chlorophyll is an essential plant nutrient and is the

main reason why plants are green.
TR: 18: The first cause of obesity is the kind of food that is
consumed.
TR:
9: Life today has many different challenges that

individuals need to deal with. 19: Part of the reason why South Korea's military is so
TR: strong is due to necessity.
TR:
10: The children were delighted to see their

grandparents whom they had not seen for quite a long 20: Some types of bacteria live in extreme
time. environments where few other organisms can survive.
TR: TR:
Noun Clause
Bu ünitede noun clause çevirisi ve marker'ların kullanım yerleri anlatılmaktadır.
• Markers
• RC vs NC Questions
Markers > list
question words
who
whom
what
where
when
why
how + SVO
how + adjective
how + adverb
which
whose
question words + ever
whoever
whomever
whatever
wherever
whenever
whyever
however
whichever
whosever
that
that
the fact that
whether
whether
if
notlar
1: I wonder who will be the first to answer this 7: Ancient people used to believe that the world was
question. flat.
TR: TR:
2: Do you know whom John went to the party with? 8: They don't know whose car they have just stolen.
TR: TR:
3: Doctors are not sure what causes asthma. 9: Kinetic energy is present whenever an object is in
TR: motion.
TR:
4: Living things differ greatly in where they live.
TR:
10: Whether or not you want an organic product is an
important decision.
5: I rang them yesterday to check when they were TR:
arriving.
TR:
6: There are many theories about why so many air

planes and ships have disappeared in the Bermuda
Triangle.
TR:
1: The winner is whichever side has the highest 12: Recent research has shown that we need more
number. effective methods of production.
TR: TR:
2: Whoever wants to learn a language without working

hard will eventually fail. 13: She would often forget where she had put her
TR: glasses.
TR:
3: There is no doubt that television has a great 14: Some parents are not knowledgeable at all about
influence on children from a very early age. how they should treat their children.
TR: TR:
4: They don't know whose car they drive. 15: A thermometer measures how cold or hot
TR: something is.
TR:
5: Whether or not people have a choice depends very

much on where they live. 16: You can get help with your homework from
TR: whomever you know.
TR:
6: Business ethics do not allow a company to do

whatever is necessary to make money. 17: One of the greatest benefits of cycling is the fact
TR: that cycling is low impact on the body.
TR:
7: The professor wants to know when the project will

start. 18: In the contest, the jury will choose which animal is
TR: the most skilled.
TR:
8: Tests may be done to find out if the tumours are

cancerous.
TR: 19: Which treatment is used will be decided by the
doctor.
TR:
9: Speech and language problems affect how a person

is able to be understood by others.
20: Nobody knows for certain when the poem was first
TR:
composed.
TR:
10: Your doctor will ask you whether other people in 21: Many vegetarians think that eating meat is
your family have had cancer. unhealthy.
TR: TR:
22: Many people wonder why certain songs make us

11: You can call whom you have been in close contact feel happy or sad.
recently. TR:
TR:
23: Medical researchers are sure that nicotine causes 28: The results of the next race will determine who will
cancer. be in the finals.
TR: TR:
24: The Minister brought a map to show us where the

29: Most of these young soldiers don't even know what
new bridge was being built.
they're fighting for.
TR:
TR:
25: He carried his first guitar with him wherever he 30: During his life, he never realized what he had
went. discovered.
TR: TR:
26: There is debate about who invented telephone first.

TR:
27: The worker in Columbia were in no doubt that they

were taking a big risk.
TR:
RC vs NC Questions > introduction
1. The mobile phone that is broken can't be 6. They haven’t announced who has won the
fixed. elections.
A) noun clause B) relative clause A) noun clause B) relative clause
2. I don't know why she is angry with me. 7. It is important that everyone be told the
truth.
A) noun clause B) relative clause
A) relative clause B) noun clause
3. I don't know when the birds built their nest

in the roof. 8. He devised a plan whereby they might get
rich.
4. The writer who wrote that article won the

Nobel Prize. 9. I'm looking for a store where I can buy
organic vegetables.
5. He didn't wait at the traffic lights which were

red. 10. I'm asking if you all know where my pencil
is.
RC vs NC Questions > homework
1. The person to whom you sent the letter has 11. The book is about where the dinosaurs laid
moved to a new address. their eggs.
A) relative clause B) noun clause A) relative clause B) noun clause
2. I sent an email to my brother who lives in 12. We broke the computer which belonged to
Australia. my father.
A) relative clause B) noun clause A) relative clause B) noun clause
3. The fact that the world is round is obvious 13. Whether he's telling the truth or not will
today. never be known.
A) relative clause B) noun clause A) noun clause B) relative clause
4. People can be so blind that they don't even 14. Metabolism refers to the processes by which
see what is in front of their eyes. a substance is handled in the body.
5. They live in a city that is in the north of 15. The man whose car was stolen went to the
England. police station.
A) noun clause B) relative clause A) relative clause B) noun clause
6. They have set up a plan whereby you can 16. The police were investigating who the serial
spread the cost over a period. killer was.
7. I have forgotten when we got married. 17. We talked about how we should solve the
problem.
8. She needs to find new homes for them, but

she doesn’t know whom she should ask. 18. The police never found out the reason why
the man was killed.
9. Hiroshima is the place where the first atomic

bomb was dropped. 19. It is not difficult to understand why different
people speak different languages.
10. Sunday is the day when I am least busy.

20. He asked me if I knew her name.

On Hazirlik Basics 87

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

On Hazirlik Basics 87

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BASICS

Adjective & Adverb

▢ Tamamladığınız alıştırmaları işaretleyebilirsiniz.

Bu dijital kaynak kullanıcının isteği üzerine ders notu olarak çoğaltılmıştır.

1: discussion topic 6: food demand

2: health practices 7: arrival date

3: heart rate 8: blood sugar

4: weekend trip 9: adult behaviours

5: injury risk 10: fashion design

1: brain damage 16: defense mechanism

2: life story 17: poverty level

3: crime rate 18: stomach ache

4: chest pain 19: dinner time

5: photograph album 20: space telescope

6: character analysis 21: animal products

7: luxury car 22: space station

8: learning strategy 23: allergy sufferer

9: air pollution 24: teaching technique

10: factory worker 25: behaviour disorder

11: company rules 26: mammal species

12: journal editor 27: weight loss

13: forest loss 28: security forces

14: justice system 29: comedy actor

15: adult learner 30: health insurance

1: various reasons 6: complete recovery

2: political party 7: economic depression

3: general information 8: possible danger

4: warm weather 9: right conditions

5: interesting news 10: easy solution

1: severe injury 16: natural disaster

2: economic growth 17: final decision

3: special need 18: accidental damage

4: careful analysis 19: potential threat

5: weak eyesight 20: wild animal

6: scientific discovery 21: protected area

7: popular view 22: manned spacecraft

8: powerful influence 23: major challenge

9: historic battle 24: religious belief

10: full support 25: global protest

11: alarming rise 26: tight control

12: dry deserts 27: complete destruction

13: pleasant smell 28: tough assignment

14: thick walls 29: terrible headache

15: moonless nights 30: stress-free life

1: largely voluntary organization 6: astonishingly beautiful painting

2: amazingly cheap Chinese goods 7: extremely vivid colours

3: richly decorated room 8: technologically advanced country

4: temporarily unemployed worker 9: deeply fascinating book

5: architecturally interesting monument 10: physically active job

1: unusually severe damage 16: publicly accessible areas

2: fairly strong possibility 17: totally different approach

3: highly gifted children 18: immensely detailed report

4: fairly economical price 19: perfectly balanced diet

5: visually impaired person 20: hugely expensive commodity

6: overly harsh criticism 21: remarkably close correlation

7: generally consistent results 22: legally valid licence

8: sparsely populated areas 23: hardly convincing evidence

9: extremely low pressure 24: totally reliable source

10: outstandingly successful company 25: racially homogeneous society

11: culturally acceptable behaviours 26: highly significant influence

12: nearly perfect combination 27: relatively rare disorder

13: entirely superficial knowledge 28: really huge demand

14: easily observable factors 29: madly jealous wife