LIPIDS

Is an organic compounds that are fatty acids or their

derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic
solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

COMPOSE OF FOUND IN MADE OF/ LOOKS USED FOR

LIKE

carbon and hydrogen, commonly found in Lipids are a

family of organic The body
but they can also contain fried foods,
compounds that uses lipids as an
oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, vegetable oil, butter, energy store, as
are mostly
and phosphorous whole milk, cheese, insulation and to
insoluble in
cream cheese, and water make cell
some meats. membranes.
They provide nutrients
for organisms, store
Naturally occurring Inverted-cone-shaped an
carbon and energy, play
triacylglycerols d cone-shaped
structural roles in
are found in many lipids induce positive and
membranes, and function negative curvature of the
foods, including
as hormones, membrane, respectively,
avocados, olives,
pharmaceuticals, and it may be this change
corn, and nuts. in membrane curvature
fragrances, and
that drives fission.
pigments.

Michel Chevreul

The first steps toward understanding lipids were

taken in the early 1800s by a young French
scientist named Michel Chevreul (1786-1889).
 CARBOHYDRRATES

Carbohydrates (also called carbs) are a type of macronutrient

found in certain foods and drinks. Sugars, starches and fiber
are carbohydrates. Other macronutrients include fat and protein.
Your body needs these macronutrients to stay healthy.

monosaccharide
disaccharide polysaccharide

 also called simple
sugars, are the simplest
form of sugar and the
most basic units
(monomers)
of carbohydrates. The
general formula
is CnH2nOn, or [Cn(H2O)n]
or { CH2O}n albeit not all
molecules fitting this
formula (e.g. acetic acid)
are carbohydrates. They
are
usually colorless, waters
oluble,
and crystalline solids.
Contrary to their name
(sugars), only some
A disaccharide (also
called a double
sugar or biose) is
the sugar formed when
two monosaccharides a
re joined
by glycosidic linkage.Li
ke monosaccharides,
disaccharides are
simple
Glycogen
A polysaccharide is a large
molecule made of many
smaller monosaccharides.
A polysaccharide is also
called a glycan.And also
they  are the
mostabundant carbohydrate f
ound in food. They are long
chain polymeric carbohydrate
s
composedof monosaccharide 
units bound together
by glycosidic linkages.

sucrose maltose.
Starch

Glucose fructose

lactose Inulin:

galactose Cellulose
 PROTEIN

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the
body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure,
function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. ... There are 20
different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.

Animal Plant protein

protein

Animal proteins, such as meat, Plant protein is simply a meaningful

eggs, and milk, are food source of protein which is
complete proteins, meaning they from plants. This group can include
provide all of the essential amino pulses, tofu, soya, tempeh, seitan, nuts,
acids our body seeds, certain grains and even peas.
needs. Animal products provide Pulses are a large group of plants,
the highest- which include chickpeas, lentils, beans
quality protein sources. (such as black, kidney and adzuki
beans) and split peas.

Primary structure. Secondary tertiary quaternary

structure  structure structure 

The simplest level
of protein
structure, primary
structure, is simply the
sequence of amino
acids in a polypeptide
chain. ... Each chain
has its own set of amino
acids, assembled in a
particular order.
refers to regular, recurring
arrangements in space of
adjacent amino acid
residues in a polypeptide
chain. It is maintained by
hydrogen bonds between
amide hydrogens and
carbonyl oxygens of the
peptide backbone. The
major secondary
structures are α-helices
and β-structures.
is the three dimensional
shape of a protein.
The tertiary structure will
have a single polypeptide
chain "backbone" with
one
ormore protein secondar
y structures,the protein  hydrogen bonds
domains. ... The
interactions and bonds of
side chains
withinparticular protein d
etermine its tertiary
 is the association of
several protein chai
ns or subunits into a
closely packed
arrangement. The
subunits are held
together by
and van der Waals
forces between
nonpolar side
chains.
 NUCLEIC ACIDS

Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or large biomolecules, essential to all known forms

of life. Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary
information-carrying molecules in cells and makeup the genetic material. Nucleic acids are
found in abundance in all living things, where they create, encode, and then store information
of every living cell of every life-form on Earth. 

nitrogenous pentose sugar phosphate group

base

A nitrogenous base is a pentose is a Phosphate, chemical

simply a nitrogen-
containing molecule that
has the same chemical
properties as a base. They
are particularly important
since they make up the
building blocks of DNA
and RNA: adenine,
guanine, cytosine,
thymine and uracil.
monosaccharide
(simple sugar) with five
carbon atoms. The chemical
formula of all pentoses is
C. 5H. 10O.
Thepentose sugars ribose
and deoxyribose are part
of the nucleotides that
make up the crucial nucleic
acids like DNA and RNA.
formula PO43-, is a chemical
compound made up of
one phosphorus and four
oxygen atoms. When it is
attached to a molecule
containing carbon, it is
called a phosphate
group. Phosphates can form
phospholipids, which make
up the cell membrane. 

Deoxyribonucleic Ribonucleic
acid (DNA) acid (RNA)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an is a molecule similar to DNA. Unlike

organic chemical that contains genetic DNA, RNA is single-stranded. An RNA strand
information and instructions for protein has a backbone made of alternating sugar
synthesis. It is found in most cells of every (ribose) and phosphate groups. ... Different
organism. DNA is a key part of reproduction types of RNA exist in the cell:
in which genetic heredity occurs through the messenger RNA (mRNA),
passing down of DNA from parent or ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and
parents to offspring. transfer RNA (tRNA).