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GROUP CASE STUDY_NCM 107_GROUP 3

 PART 5: LABORATORY RESULTS & DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

A. LABORATORY RESULTS

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT

Nursing Considerations
 Explain test procedure. Explain that slight discomfort may be felt when the skin is punctured
 Encourage to avoid stress if possible because altered physiologic status influences and changes normal hematologic values.
 Monitor the puncture site for oozing or hematoma formation.
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT REPORT
EXAM Result Ref. Value Significance Implications
1st 2nd 3rd
March 23, April 23, November
2020 2020 30, 2020
Hemoglobin 123 g/dl 126 g/dl 132 g/dl 120-160 g/L It provides direct indication Normal
(Hgb) of the oxygen-carrying
capacity of the blood. Interpretation:
Low-patient is suffering Have enough Hgb in the
from blood loss. RBC to transport oxygen
High- may indicate
polycythemia.
Hematocrit 37.3 vol% 39.2 vol% 43.2 vol% 37-47 vol % It determines the volume Normal
(Hct) percentage of RBC
compared to the total blood Interpretation: Have
volume thus the oxygen- proportion RBCs in the
carrying capacity of the blood.
blood.
Low-indicate presence of
bleeding.
High- may indicate
dehydration
RBC count 4.03 x 4.48 x 5.03 x 3.50-5.50 x A test used to measure the Normal
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GROUP CASE STUDY_NCM 107_GROUP 3
 10^12/L 10^12/L 10^12/L 10^12/L RBC in blood.
Interpretation: Have enough
Low-may indicate loss of RBC in the blood to
blood. transport oxygen to the body
High- may indicate bone cells and carbon dioxide in
marrow over production the lungs.

WBC count 8. 03 x 8.96 x 9.95 x 10^9L 5-10 x A test that measures the Normal
10^9/L 10^9/L 10^9/L number of white blood cells
in the body. Interpretation: There is
Low- high risk of getting an enough WBC to fight
infection infections and defend the
High- indicate that the body against other foreign
immune system is working materials.
to destroy an infection.
DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
Neutrophils 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.40-0.70 They constitute to the Normal
body’s first line of defense
to heal damage tissues, Interpretation: Have enough
remove debris, and resolve neutrophils to heal damage
infections. An increase tissues and resolve infections
neutrophil is the response of
leukocytes to fight physical
stress and acute infection.
An increase or decrease
neutrophils (neutropenia)
may indicate infection.
Lymphocytes 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.20-0.40 Lymphocytes are white Normal
cells responsible for body’s
immune defense and Interpretation: Have enough
response. Low- indicate lymphocytes for body’s
infection. immune defense and
High- harmless due to response.

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GROUP CASE STUDY_NCM 107_GROUP 3
 body’s’ normal response to
an infection.
Monocytes 0.58 0.62 0.73 0.12-1.20 Monocytes may play a Normal
central role in this
inflammatory response.
High-indicates chronic Interpretation: high ability
inflammatory disorders. of the body to destroy
Low- result of medical invaders, and to facilitate the
conditions that lower the healing and repair into the
overall WBC count or body
treatments that suppress the
immune system
Eosinophils 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.00-0.07 The eosinophils combat Normal
parasitic infections and are
involved in asthma or Interpretation: Have enough
allergic responses. eosinophils to fight allergic
Low- indicate eosinopenia infection
High- indicates allergic
reaction.
Basophils 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00-0.01 In addition to fighting Normal
parasitic infection,
basophils are play a role in Interpretation: Have enough
allergy responses. basophils to fight infection
Low- indicate infection
High - indicate acute
allergic reaction.
Platelet count 362 x 378 x 396 x 10^9/L 150-450 x It helps the in-blood clotting Normal
10^9/L 10^9/L 10^12/L and prevent excessive
bleeding. Interpretation: No
High- indicates thrombocytosis and
thrombocytosis thrombocytopenia
Low-indicates
thrombocytopenia

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GROUP CASE STUDY_NCM 107_GROUP 3
RBC INDICES
Mean 88.3 fl 91.2 fl 92.3 fl 82.0-95.0 fl An MCV blood test Normal
Corpuscular measures the average
Volume (MCV) volume of the red blood Interpretation: No
cell, also known as the implication of iron-
erythrocytes. deficiency anemia
Low- indicates bleeding or
microcytosis. High- is
called macrocytosis.
Mean 27.3 pg 29.4 pg 30.1 pg 27.0-31.0 pg MCH levels refers to the Normal
corpuscular average amount of high
hemoglobin found in the red blood cell Interpretation: No
(MCH) in the body. implication of iron-
Low- indicates blood loss deficiency anemia
and microcytic anemia
High- indicate macrocytic
anemia
Mean 321 g/L 335 g/L 358 g/L 320-360 g/L The test describes the Normal
Corpuscular average concentration of
Hemoglobin high in a given volume of Interpretation: Have enough
Concentration RBC. oxygen in the hemoglobin
(MCHC) Low- indicates low hgb.
High- indicates more
concentrated hgb.
RDW-CV 11.8 % 12.6 % 13.2 % 11.6-14.6 % It measures the amount of Normal
red blood cell variation in
volume and size. This is the Interpretation: Normal size
test used to help diagnose of red blood cell
type of anemia. Low-

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GROUP CASE STUDY_NCM 107_GROUP 3
 indicates that the RBC are
all the same size
High- indicates that you
have bot very small and
very large RBC.

Blood Typing
March 10, 2021
EXAMINATION RESULT
Blood Type “A”
Rh Type Positive
INTERPRETATION:
This blood type A has A marker but not B marker.
A positive blood type has A marker and it has Rh factor.

SEROLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY
March 23, 2020

Test Method Result Significance Implications

Hepatitis B Immunochromatograph Non-Reactive It determines if someone is Negative of Hepatitis B
Surface y infected with hepatitis b virus
Antigen
(HBsAG)
HIV1 Particle Agglutination Non-Reactive A test to detect HIV antibodies Negative HIV antibodies detected
in your blood
Rubella IgG Immunosorbent assay Reactive Indicates consistent immune to Positive Rubella IgG detected
Rubella virus
Rubella IgM Immunosorbent assay Non-reactive Indicates current or very recent Negative Rubella infection
infection
VDRL Particle Agglutination Non-reactive This test is used to screen for Negative for Syphylis
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GROUP CASE STUDY_NCM 107_GROUP 3
 (Syphylis) syphilis.

Nursing Considerations
 Instruct the patient to void directly into a clean, dry container. Women should always have a clean-catch specimen if a
microscopic examination is ordered.
 Cover all specimens tightly, label properly and send immediately to the laboratory.

URINALYSIS REPORT
EXAM Result Ref. Value Significance IMPLICATIONS
Upon 2nd 3rd
Admission
March 23, April 23, November
2020 2020 30, 2020
Color yellow yellow yellow Yellow to It provides a clue to certain Normal
Amber diseases or conditions.
Red urine indicates The body is hydrated and
hematuria, brown/black kidneys are in good
indicated metastatic condition. Negative in
melanoma, yellow-brown hematuria, metastatic
indicates hepatitis. melanoma, and hepatitis.
Transparency clear clear clear Clear Turbid or cloudy urine Normal
may indicate increased
number of WBC or Clear urine is unlikely to be
epithelial cells. infected
Pus Cell 0-2 /hpf 0-4/ hpf 0-4 /hpf 5-10/hpf Sent by the body’s immune Normal
system to combat
infection. Presence of pus cells means
the body naturally responds
to infection
RBC 0-2/ hpf 0-2 /hpf 0-2 /hpf 0-4/hpf Presence of abdominal Normal
number of RBC in urine is
called hematuria which Free from hematuria

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GROUP CASE STUDY_NCM 107_GROUP 3
 indicates urinary system
disease.
Bacteria moderate moderate moderate Fail Bacteria is only present if Normal
there is an UTI.
Free from UTI
Mucus Threads negative negative negative Negative A small amount of mucus in Normal
your urine is normal. An
excess amount may indicate a The urethra and bladder
urinary tract infection (UTI) create mucus naturally.
or other medical condition Mucus travels along your
urinary tract to help wash
out invading germs and
prevent possible issues,
including urinary tract
infection and kidney
infection.
Protein negative negative negative Negative It is an important indicator Normal
of renal disease. Increased
amount of protein is called No infection or kidney
proteinuria. problem
Glucose negative trace trace Negative/Tra Presence of detectable Normal
ce glucose in urine is called
glycosuria. A sugar or Free from diabetes
glucose in urine can be
sign of diabetes mellitus.
pH 6.0 6.0 7.0 5.0-8.0 It measures the degree of Normal
acidity or alkalinity of the
urine. A pH below 5.0 pH level is neutral
indicates acid urine and a
pH above 8.0 indicates
alkaline urine
Specific Gravity 1.020 1.023 1.025 1.010-1.025 It estimates the Normal
concentration of solutes in

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GROUP CASE STUDY_NCM 107_GROUP 3
 the urine. Higher specific Well hydrated
gravity is usually darker in
color and more
concentrated and indicates
dehydration. Low specific
gravity indicates a person
is healthy because the
kidneys have not matured
sufficiently to concentrate
urine.
Epithelial Cell rare few rare 0-few It is constantly shed from Normal
the lining of the tract and
washed in the urine. Large Free from acute renal
number of epithelial cells diseases.
indicate acute renal disease
Nursing Considerations: Instruct the client not to change her diet in any way prior the procedure.

Glucose Tolerance Test

June 18, 2021
Test Result Ref. Value Significance Implications
1-hour 0GTT 90 mg/dL 140 mg/dL It is done to detect gestational Normal
diabetes in pregnant women by
determining the blood glucose level Interpretation: It indicates a negative
1 hour after drinking the glucose result thus the client has no gestational
solution. A blood glucose level of diabetes.
140 mg/dL or higher is abnormal

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GROUP CASE STUDY_NCM 107_GROUP 3