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SLG Chem1 LG 6.3 Structure and Properties of Water
SLG Chem1 LG 6.3 Structure and Properties of Water
Components TA ATA
Tasks
(min) (min)b
a
Target After completing this learning guide, students are expected to: 1
1. Explain the unique properties of water & its implications.
2. Reflect on the importance of these concepts in our lives.
The solid form of most of the substances is usually denser than the liquid
state. This is because the particles in the solid state are closely packed and the
intermolecular forces of attraction are stronger than the liquid state. This is
why a piece or a sample of most solid substances will sink when dropped in a
liquid or body of water.
Solid Liquid
Ice
The cubes of ice float in liquid water because ice (water in solid form) is
less dense that the liquid water. As water cools and freezes, the density of
water decreases due to the unique nature of hydrogen bonds. Water exhibits
strange or peculiar properties.
In ice, the hydrogen bonds are holding the water molecules firmly but rather
open structure. The open structure of water in solid form gives ice a low
density (Petrucci, 2011, p.503).
When ice starts to melt, not all of the hydrogen bonds are broken as
indicated by its low heat of fusion (6.01 kJ/mol). The density of water in
liquid state is greater than in solid state. Meaning, there are greater number of
water molecules per unit volume in liquid than in solid.
IInterior molecules
(https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-
life/structure-of-water-and-hydrogen-bonding/a/cohesion-and-adhesion-
in-water)
The cohesive forces are the forces exerted between liquid molecules
holding them together just like a drop of water (see the interior molecules).
Water molecules are hydrogen bonded to one another and they are acting like
a link in a cohesive chain.
Surface tension is the liquid surface’s tendency to have the lowest surface
area. This happens when the attractive force is exerted upon the surface
molecules by the interior molecules (see the interior and the surface
molecules). The surface molecules do not have other molecules over them so
they adhere more strongly with the interior molecules near them. This forms a
thin filament which allows denser materials or insects like needle, water
striders and spiders to float and walk on water causing them to overcome the
force of gravity.
Water is exceptionally
superior when it comes
to specific heat capacity.
3. Solvent properties
Solvent is a substance that can dissolve other molecules or compounds.
Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve more substances
compared to other solvents. Water is polar and forms hydrogen bonds with
oxygen making the hydrogen atom partially positive and the oxygen atom
partially negative. Water is excellent in dissolving many substances especially
polar and ionic compounds.
You can watch the video presentation on the Structure and Properties of
Water by the Amoeba Sisters in YouTube using the link given below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jwAGWky98c
1. Draw the general model of water in solid, liquid, and in gaseous states.
2. How is water different from the other liquids in terms of their properties &
structure?
3. Why is water essential to life? (Cite one real life situation)
Simple inquiry-based activities that can be done at home during your free
time or during the weekend. Your written observation and answers to the
questions maybe submitted a week later. A scoring rubric is provided for the
following activities.
IMPORTANT!
Strictly observe safety practices when doing these activities at home.
➢ Use safety equipment like kitchen gloves, goggles, apron, face shield.
➢ For girls: Hair must be kept away from the face and tied.
➢ Have an adult watch over you while doing activities in the kitchen.
➢ Discard kitchen supplies after use properly (e.g. food color, oil, etc)
➢ Clean the area after performing the activities in this module.
Water has unique properties and structure. In solid state, it is less dense than
in liquid state which is different from most substances. It is a very polar
molecule so it can bond to both anions and cations because of the attraction
between the partial charge on the atoms of the water molecules and the charge
on the ion. It has the capacity to dissolve many molecules and substances
especially the polar ones. It is an excellent coolant for it has a high specific
heat capacity. Water is essential to life and all living things and helps regulate
body temperature.
Can you imagine life without water? Life without water is difficult indeed.
Let us be good stewards of our natural resources. Use water wisely.
References:
(For Discussion)
Brown, T.L., LeMay, H.E., Bursten, B.E., Murphy, C.J., and Woodward, P.M. (2012)
Chemistry: The Central Science, (12th Edition). Pearson Publishing Inc.
Petrucci, Ralph H., Herring, F. Geoffrey., Madura, Jeffrey D., Bissonnette, Carey, (2011)
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (10th Edition) Pearson Canada Inc.
Sargen, Molly. Science in the News. Blog, Special Edition: Biological Role of Water: Why is water
necessary for Life (Sept. 26, 2019). Retrieved from
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/uncategorized/2019/biological-roles-of-water-why-is-water-
necessary-for-life/
Silverberg, Martin S., (2006) Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
(4th Edition) Mc Graw Hill Higher Education.
The Amoeba Sisters, Video on the Properties of Water in YouTube. Link copies from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jwAGWky98c
Wilbraham, Anthony C., Staley, Dennis D., Matta, Michael S., Waterman, Edward L. (2005)
Chemistry (4th Edition) Prentice-Hall Inc.
(For Pictures/images)
Finio, Ben PhD, Science Buddies. Build a Water Strider. . Retrieved from
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/stem-activities/build-a-water-strider
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