L-2-Course Overview L-2-V: 1/4 ME222T

Nature and Properties of Materials

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Amazing World of Materials-ME222T
Nature and Properties of Materials
C
Carbon (Karbon)
118
1968-2001-2020

Credits: 2-0-0-0(6)
Discussion hour: M 12:00-13:00

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ME222-Nature and Properties of Materials
Motivation for Material evolution???
118+++

-Universe Exploration
"Survival of the fittest"

-Survival

-War
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ME222-War taught us Engineering-Ex-1
• During World War II, 2,710 Liberty cargo
ships were mass-produced by the United
States to supply food and materials to the
combatants in Europe. (1500 fractured).
1. Experienced a ductile-to-brittle transition.
Many were deployed to the frigid North Atlantic,
where the temperatures dropped to below the
transition temperature.
2. The corner of each hatch (i.e., door) was square;
these corners acted as points of stress concentration
where cracks can form.
3. Prefabricated steel sheets that were assembled by
welding rather than by the traditional time-
consuming riveting.
4. Cracks in welded structures may propagate
unimpeded for large distances (catastrophic), while in
riveted structures, a crack ceases to propagate once
it reaches the edge of a steel sheet.
The Liberty ship S.S. Schenectady, which, in 1943, failed before
5. Weld defects and discontinuities (i.e., sites where leaving the shipyard.
cracks can form) were introduced by inexperienced
operators.

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ME222-War taught us Engineering-Ex-1
Remedy 1: Lowering the ductile-to-brittle temperature of the steel to an acceptable
level by improving steel quality (e.g., reducing sulphur and phosphorus contents).

Remedy 2: Rounding off hatch corners by welding a curved

reinforcement strip on each corner.

Remedy 3: Installing crack-arresting devices such as riveted straps and strong weld seams
to stop propagating cracks.

Remedy 4: Improving welding practices and establishing

welding codes.

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ME222-Failure taught us Engineering-Ex-2

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Amazing World of Materials
Nature and Properties of Materials
Next: There are four volumes in the Lecture 2 “Introduction
to course materials”. This is volume 1.
Go to next volume 2 of Lecture 2
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Only for teaching purpose
Thank You
Best wishes
May the materials science bring you and
your family Joy, Peace and Prosperity
Stay safe and healthy

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