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Open Pit Design
Open Pit Design
INTRODUCTION
Information Technology has changed the way we live. Mining is no exception. Mining
information systems have emerged encompassing all aspects of mine planning. Real time
analysis of data is now possible that helps the mine administration to function effectively.
Software is now available that covers the entire gamut of mine functions.
The Singareni Collieries is now ahead in utilizing the computerized mine planning and
completed design & scheduling of an opencast project on long term planning module –
Apollo of Minex software.
FEATURES:
Minex is an integrated modular software including Survey, deposit evaluation, mine
planning and design, production scheduling and equipment simulation. The user has the
flexibility to select modules as per requirement.
Generation of Borehole database
Generation of reliable Geomodel
3D visualization of seam horizons/faults
Generation of Reserves Database
Pit Optimisation
Open Pit Design and Scheduling
Design of Haul roads, Earth works and Spoil dumps
Underground mine planning and scheduling
Generation of Mine Reserves Database
Production Scheduling by target or equipment
Generation of Plans, Sections and reports
PIT BOUNDARY
Quarry surface limit is defined on the basis of quarry floor limits by considering the
final slope of 45 degrees from incrop and 150m depth of Bottom seam at highwall side.
By considering the geological model of Pit-A, the bottom seam and middle seam
model grids are merged with BOW (Base Of Weathering) surface at incrop side to generate
benches upto the pit boundary/surface quarry limit.
BENCH DESIGN
The bench design is followed as per bench elevation at 10m interval with 70º slope
and 6.4m berm. To generate the bench ‘crest’ and ‘toe’ at every 10m elevation, SQL
(Structured Query Language) programme is used. The bench grids formed in the pit are
restricted upto topography / floor of the bottom seam as per the requirement.
FIG.1
FIG.2
Final pit benches are restricted to the Bottom Seam floor and topography as shown
below:
FIG.3
STRIP DESIGN
13 no. of strips with ‘crest’ and ‘toe’ in strike direction at 40m interval with 70 degrees
of slope and strip berm of 6.4 mtrs are projected on each bench grid.
FIG.4
BLOCKS FORMATION
The pit is divided into number of blocks using layout lines across the strips at 40m
interval. Each block is assigned a number to report the reserves.
FIG.6
FIG.7 SECTION SHOWING THE BENCHES, STRIPS AND BLOCKS
MINE RESERVES
Mine Reserves database is created with ‘Codes’ and ‘Layers’ validated and loaded.
Merge model is created for the Pit - A for the selected layers. Layer wise mine reserves of
the pit can be obtained as desired.
FIG.8
FIG.9 TYPICAL MERGED MODEL
FIG.10
Detailed Pit Reserves generated for Pit/Bench/Strip/Block is given at Annexure-1.
Also generated the status report along with stripping ratios is shown at Annexure-2. By
studying the detailed report of Pit reserves block wise, it is easy to identify the blocks in the
designed pit for scheduling.
PRODUCTION SCHEDULING
Scheduling is primarily aimed at sequencing mining operations in a pit/ multi strip/multi
bench for coal or other layers. Target scheduling option is selected for the purpose.
Reports are generated for the quantity of coal extracted and waste removed at each
st rd th th
stage {at the end of 1 year, 3 year, 5 year and 6 (final) year}.
HAUL ROAD DESIGN
Haul roads are designed at 6.25% gradient with a width of 20m on exposed
grids/triangles keeping batter slopes at 57 degrees cut and 36 degrees fill.
2D PLANS OUTPUT
FIG.15
It is felt very difficult to get the 2D plans output as desired in the form of ‘crest’ and ‘toe’
lines shown below.
DE-COALED AREA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Authors are thankful to the Singareni Collieries management for providing the
necessary software, hardware and encouragement in achieving the desired outputs through
Minex Software at SCCL.
REFERENCES
‘Getting Started with Apollo Mine Design & Reserves’, ECS International Pty Ltd,
Surpac Minex Group, Australia.
Mark Kelly, Peter Alexander, Surpac Minex Group, Australia, “Training programmes on
Apollo and Orion modules of Minex Software at Singareni Collieries”.
ANNEXURE - 1
TRUCK FLEET
REQUIREMENT
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MATERIAL PARAMETERS
-------------------
SWELL FACTOR 1.20
INSITU DENSITY 2.200
SHOVEL PARAMETERS
-----------------
BUCKET CUBIC 2.80
CAPACITY
BUCKET FILL FACTOR 1.00
BUCKET LOADS PER TRUCK 4.87
SAY 5.0
SPOT TIME 0.50
SHOVEL CYCLE TIME 0.67
TRUCK LOAD TIME 3.80
SHOVEL AVAILABILITY % 100.0
SHOVEL HOURS PER DAY 24.0
TRUCK PARAMETERS
----------------
TRUCK LOAD BY 25.0
WEIGHT
TRUCK CUBIC LOAD 13.64
TRUCK LOAD TIME 3.80
TRUCK DUMP TIME 0.50
TRUCK HAUL AND RETURN TIME 10.68
TRUCK CYCLE TIME (MINUTES) 14.98
TRUCK AVAILABILITY % 100.0
EST. MIN TRUCK FLEET REQUIRED 3.94
SAY 4
BANK VOLUME PER TRUCK HOUR 46
-------------------------------------------
TRUCK PRODUCTIVITY
-------------------------------------------
TRUCKS PRODUCTION PRODUCTION
(BANK VOL/HR) (BANK
-------------------------------------------
1 46 1093
2 91 2185
3 137 3278
4 179 4306
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