Strategic Sourcing

I Nyoman Pujawan, Ph.D, CSCP

Professor of Supply Chain Engineering
Laboratory of Logistics & SCM, Industrial Engineering – ITS
 Strategic sourcing is an approach to supply
Definisi chain management that formalizes the
way information is gathered and used so
that an organization can leverage its
consolidated purchasing power to find the
best possible values in the marketplace.

https://searcherp.techtarget.com/definitio
n/strategic-sourcing
 Strategic sourcing requires analysis of what an
organization buys, from whom, at what price
and at what volume. Strategic sourcing differs
from conventional purchasing because it places
emphasis on the entire life-cycle of a product,
not just its initial purchase price.

https://searcherp.techtarget.com/definition/strategic-sourcing
Procurement operations support tactical day-to-day transactions
such as issuing Purchase Orders to suppliers, whereas strategic
sourcing represents to strategic planning, supplier development,
contract negotiation, supply chain infrastructure, and
outsourcing models.

Source: Wikipedia
 • Analysis Stage. Analysis required to
understand better the commodities, markets,
internal performance, etc. This includes
Best spend analysis, market analysis, performance
analysis, etc.
Practice in
• Consolidation stage. Reduction in supply base
Strategic may be needed to enable the company to
work with a set of best suppliers.
Sourcing
• Relationship stage. Design relationships that
reflects differing supplier characteristics.
Some suppliers are managed closely with
long-term relationships, other may be more
adversarial.

• Improvement stage. Improvement stage

requires suppliers to commit to perform
better in terms of delivery time, quality, etc.
SPENDING ANALYSIS
 Spend Analysis
• Spend analysis is the process of collecting,
aggregating, cleansing, and analyzing corporate
spending data for the purpose of reducing cost
and improving operational performance.
• The possible outcome of spend analysis:
– Order consolidation for certain goods or services to a
smaller number of suppliers
– Renegotiating contracts for possible quantity discount
– Supply base reduction
– Adjustment in future budgets
 Apa Manfaat Spending Analysis
• Mengetahui dengan jelas
belanja perusahaan untuk
apa, ke supplier mana,
digunakan oleh bagian
mana di perusahaan, dll.

• Sebagai dasar untuk

budgeting dan cost
reduction initiatives.

• Hubungan dengan supplier

bisa dimonitor secara lebih
efektif
 Beberapa Pertanyaan pada Spending
Analysis
Quantify the following for every
major expense category:
1. Bagaimana cara
pembelanjaannya (metode
sourcing-nya)?
2. Siapa yang membelanjakan
(usernya siapa)?
3. Siapa pemasoknya?
4. Untuk keperluan apa
pembelanjaanya?
 Kategorisasi Belanja pada Spending Analysis

• By item category
– Direct raw materials
– Direct services
– Property, plant, and equipment (PPE)
– Maintenance, repair, and operating supplies (MRO)
• By vendors
– Local
– Global
• By divisions / users
– Marketing
– Production
– Accounting
 Spend Analysis Example (one financial year)
Spend by Department Spend By Type

£400,000 £600,000

£350,000 £500,000

£300,000
£400,000

Total Spend
Total Spend

£250,000
£300,000
£200,000
£200,000
£150,000
£100,000
£100,000

£50,000 £0
Industrial Uniforms Uniforms and Clothing Promotional
£0 Protective Staffwear Wholesalers Items (Leisure
Dept 5 Dept 2 Dept 4 Dept 9 Dept 3 Dept 1 Dept 7 Dept 6 Dept 8 Dept Clothing Attendants
10 Uniforms)
Department Type/Classification

Spend By Supplier and Volume

Series2 Series1

£350,000 5000
4500
£300,000
4000

Total Transactions
£250,000 3500
Total Spend

£200,000 3000
2500
£150,000 2000
£100,000 1500
1000
£50,000
500
£0 0
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Supplier
 Contoh Hasil Spend Analysis
(sebuah perusahaan manufaktur dengan belanja $1.04 milyar ke
800+ supplier... Kategori level 1 ada 7, level 2 ada 90. Perusahaan
mengidentifikasikan potensi penghematan sekitar US$ 40 juta)
Untuk Raw material, breakdown-nya adalah
sebagai berikut:
Untuk operations....
 Klasifikasi Barang / Jasa
• Untuk menunjang spend analysis diperlukan
suatu sistem klasifikasi barang / jasa.

• Klasifikasi ini bisa dibuat sendiri secara

internal atau menggunakan klasifikasi standar,
misalnya yang dibuat oleh UNSPSC (United
Nations Standard for products and services
Codes)
Contoh Taxonomy untuk Spend Analysis
Klasifikasi Barang / Jasa UNSPSC
Bagi yang sudah punya kode internal, cukup
tambahkan kolom untuk kode UNSPSC
Typical Supplier Portfolio Model
 Strategi Pengadaan

• Gunakan waktu lebih banyak untuk yang strategis

• Minimalkan waktu / simplifikasi proses untuk yang
non-critical
• Pelihara bargaining position untuk leverage
• Geser posisi untuk bottleneck (misalnya melalui
kolaborasi horizontal)
 Pengadaan Nilai Kecil

• Penggunaan blanket order: cocok untuk barang

bernilai kecil, harga disepakati, sistem call off,
penagihan tiap tanggal tertentu (sesuai jumlah yang
diambil).
• Vendor managed inventory: pembeli hanya memberi
data stok dan penggunaan, supplier yang aktif
mengisi stok (tetapi harus ada min. SL)
• Penggunaan P-Card: banyak digunakan di USA untuk
pengadaan nilai kecil, pembayaran langsung lewat
kartu.
Blanket Order
• A contract order, also known as a periodic or
blanket order, is a purchase order (document)
that permits tracking of multiple transactions
related to a single vendor and/or agreement.
A contract order must be supported by
quotation, price agreement or by a formal
contract.

Sumber: www.bu.edu
Penggunaan Blanket Order
Digunakan bila:
• Pembelian suatu barang berulang (repetitive
buy) dalam waktu yang relatif lama
(setidaknya dalam waktu satu tahun)
• Barang yang nilainya relatif rendah
• Telah ada kesepakatan harga atau ketentuan
pembayaran dengan pemasok
 Isi Suatu Blanket Order
– Informasi harga, term pembayaran, tata cara penagihan
sebagaimana yang sudah disepakati pada penawaran atau
kontrak
– Periode order serta batas awal dan akhir kesepakatan dari
vendor contract atau price agreement.
– Nilai maksimum yang diperbolehkan pada tiap pengiriman /
pembelian.
– Bagian atau orang yang punya otoritas untuk melakukan
pemesanan dengan blanket order