6/4/21

Engine Anatomy
ME134-2
Combustion Engineering
Lecture 2

Engr. Emmanuelle R. Biglete

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Engine Anatomy

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Engine Anatomy
Air Filter – supplies the engine with
clean air. The abrasiveness of dust and
fine particles causes engine wear which
eventually leads to poor fuel economy,
poor performance, and high emission. It
must stop dust and fine particles as small
as 5 𝜇m and be able to collect sufficient
amount of air without being clogged.
Air Mass Sensors – play a major role so
that the control unit can regulate the
amount of air to be introduced in the
cylinder.
• Pressure Method
• Volume Method
• Mass Flow Method
• Throttle Speed Method

Engine Anatomy
Camshaft– is a shaft with lobes that open and closes
the exhaust valves. They are ovel on shape and are
made either of forges steel or cast iron. A spring
keeps the valves closed when it’s not operated by the
cam lobe. It turns at half the speed of the crankshaft.

Connecting Rod –
connects the piston to the
crankshaft. It transfers
force from the piston to
the crankshaft.

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Engine Anatomy
Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) – is
a system that vents crankcase vapors into
the intake manifold. Blow-by gases
contain water vapor, gasoline vapor, and
combustion residues.
Crankshaft– it is the main shaft of the
engine. It consists of crankshaft main
journals, connecting rod journals, and
counterweights.

Engine Anatomy
Cylinder Head – is bolted to the top of
the engine block. It seals the cylinders
and houses the valve mechanism.

Engine Block– This forms the main

structure of an engine

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Engine Anatomy
Engine Block Types – the type depends
on the (i)number of cylinders, (ii)
installation space, and (iii)powertrain.

Engine Anatomy
Flywheels – made of heavy cast iron. It takes energy to get a flywheel moving. A flywheel
ensures that the engine runs smoothly.

Without flywheel With flywheel

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Engine Anatomy
Manifolds – The manifolds are fastened at
the cylinder head. The intake manifold
connects the air filter and the engine and
distributes the air to each cylinder. The
exhaust manifold captures the exhaust
gases from all the cylinders and connects
the engine to the exhaust system.

Engine Anatomy
Piston – takes up the forces released by
combustion. The piston pin and
connecting rod transmit forces to the
crankshaft. Made of aluminum alloy for
most automobiles.

Requirements:
• Lightweight
• Low expansion when heated
• Able to withstand high pressure
• Effective heat conduction
• Good sliding properties
• Extremely strong

Cold Piston Hot Piston

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Engine Anatomy
Piston Rings – important components of the piston.

Compression Rings Bevelled-edge Oil Rings

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Engine Anatomy
Serpentine Belt – drives the accessory units such as the alternator, power steering pump,
and AC compressor.
What is the difference between a serpentine belt and a timing belt?

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Engine Anatomy
Valves – the valves are located at the
cylinder head and are made to open and
close the intake and exhaust port of the
cylinder. The diameter of the intake valve is
usually larger than the diameter of the
exhaust valve.

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Engine Anatomy

Catalytic Converter – ensures that fewer

harmful gases are emitted from the
tailpipe. It uses a catalyst which accelerates
a chemical reaction, without taking part in
the reaction.

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