Practical Research

BALLESTEROS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 1
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Adolescence is the most crucial stage for a teenager, which is the most
rapid phase of human development. This is why they are drawn to sexual and
reproductive health. And the hormonal characteristic of a teenager is more
active. Thus, pregnancy among teenagers is prominent.
Teenage pregnancies are often associated with social development
issues such as lack of sufficient education and poverty. This often results to
single parenthood which catalyzes condition that renders the mother to
become irresponsible. (Salvador, 2016) In addition, teenage pregnancy is a
risk factor for disruption of education and future unemployment. The aim of
this study was to understand the attitudes and perceptions of teenagers
regarding teenage pregnancy and to explore their understanding of sexuality
and contraception. This study intended to contribute to a deeper
understanding by exploring teenagers’ own perceptions on the matter, to
identify factors that, in their view, may influence the risk of pregnancy and
suggest possible interventions.
Behavior is the way in which how teens will act upon the increasing
cases of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros. And it's effect on everyday life of a
teenager. The objective of this study is oath to determine the consciousness
of every teens and how they address and take the issue sincerely. It includes
what being male or female means to us and how we express our gender, how
we feel about our bodies, about our appearance and about physical pleasure;
whom we are attracted to and what we choose to do about it and, if we have
intimate relationships, how we behave with our partners. Our ability to
reproduce comes from our sexual behavior and our feelings about our
sexuality and sexual identity can be deeply affected by our sense of our own
fertility. The increasing rate of early pregnancy every year caused a
disturbance that may influence their routine. As they approach adolescence
period they are more prone to get involve to sexual activities. This study will
serve them to reflect their behavior to assess their actions and thoughts to this
issue.
The response of teenagers describes the action that will be done
regarding to the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros. The
objective of this study is to let the teens express their opinions and answers
about the case seriously. This will determine how teens will handle or take the
issue in their everyday life, whether they will make precautionary measures or
not. The response of the teens may vary basing on their perception about the
early pregnancies of teens. This is a very large problem because it leads to
many different problems. It can lead to overpopulation, medical risks to the
teenage mother, and a decrease in education for females. That is why in this
study, the response of teens will be very important.
Teenage pregnancy had been a worldwide issue, and has raised large
numbers of campaigns and awareness to lessen its occurrence. The total rate
of this phenomenon is increasing each year. One out of every young Filipino
woman in the Philippines age 15 to 19 is already a mother or pregnant with a
first child. According to the data given by the Rural Health Unit in the
Municipality of Ballesteros, the rate of this case is indeed increasing in the
said municipality. In the given data, it was in year 2016 when the cases of
teenage pregnancy grow. The total number of affected teenager had reached
the sum of 100. During the year 2017, the total sum surprisingly decreased
from 100 to 77. But in the recent data which is in the year 2019, the number of
teenage pregnancy case from January to August had already reached the
sum of 38. And when the year ended, the total value of this case again
increased and had a total of 95. Teenage pregnancies are often associated
with social development issues such as lack of sufficient education and
poverty. This often results to single parenthood which catalyzes condition that
renders the mother to become irresponsible (Tabios, 2019).
The result of the study aims to reveal the response and behavior of
teenagers in Ballesteros to the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy. Being
pregnant in a young age can make an adversity to teenagers. Many girls were
sexually active, several had already experienced pregnancy, and some were
at risk for intentional pregnancy. They might be encountering many
consequences. Their sexual, physical, mental and emotional health can be
affected or erratic. Due to the poor educational qualification, teenage mothers
often suffer from financial problems. Teenage pregnancy causes extra burden
to the taxpayers too. In a way, in order to maintain the health of the society,
and develop happy and peaceful society, it is essential to take revolutionary
steps to restrain growing numbers of teenage pregnancy.
No doubt that teenage pregnancy is now one of the most serious
problems that our country is facing. The researchers conducted this study to
enlighten and address this issue. And everyone to be guided and
knowledgeable to the root of the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the Response and Behavior of Teenagers
to the increasing Rate of Teenage Pregnancy.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the perception of teenagers about early pregnancy?
2. What are the factors that lead to the increase of early teenage pregnancy in
Ballesteros, Cagayan?
3. How can the rate of teenage pregnancy affect the regular activity basis of
teenagers?
4. How will teenagers act upon the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy?
Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to determine the response and behavior of
teenagers to the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros,
Cagayan.
It is projected that this study shall be beneficial specifically to the
following:
Teenagers. Through this study it will serve as their basis to reflect their
behavior towards the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy.
Parents. Through this study it will serve as a guide to be more
responsible in discussing this issue and to have a stronger connection with
their children about teenager engagement in early pregnancies.
Community. Through this study it will serve as their perception on the
increasing rate of teenage pregnancy within Ballesteros, Cagayan. This will
evaluate their consciousness on deciding to address the teenage pregnancy
issue.
Economy. Through this study it can establish more graduates, which
can uplift the economy for they will be a productive citizen.
Schools. Through this study it will serve as a way to encourage
students to be more conscious about their decisions and path in life.
Future Researchers. Through this study it will serve as their
foundation and background in making new related studies.
Scope and Delimitation
This study aims to determine the Response and Behavior of Teenagers
to the Increasing Rate of Teenage Pregnancy which is the main focus of the
researchers.
This study is delimited to only 25 teenagers as respondents within the
municipality of Ballesteros, Cagayan year 2020.
Definition of Terms
For clearer understanding of the terms used in this study, the following
words are defined operationally.
Response. The response of teenagers describes the action that will be done
regarding to the said issue.
Hormonal characteristics. Exhibiting behaviour characteristic of increasing
hormone levels to moody hormonal teenagers.
Sexuality. A person’s sexual orientation or preference.
Behaviour. Is the way in which how teens will act upon the said issue.
Fertility. The ability to conceive and bear children, the ability to become
pregnant through normal sexual activity.
Precautionary measures. Preventive, anticipatory actions in order to be
safe.
Medical risks. An adverse event or negative health consequences due to a
specific event, disease, or condition.
Social development Issue. Any issue that affects of improving the well being
of every individual in society.
Teenagers. A person aged between 13 and 19 years.
Adolescence. The period following the onset of puberty during which a
young person develops from a child into an adult (10-19 years of age).
Increasing Rate. A rise in the number, amount, or degree of something.
Teenage Pregnancy. Refers to female adolescents becoming pregnant
between the ages of 13-19.

Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related works of a number of local and
foreign authors, other researches, developers and studies derived from the
articles and other references such as the internet which are all necessary in
conceptualizing the study. To attain a deeper and better understanding of the
present study, various literature and related to the study was extensively read
and analyzed.
Related Literature
Foreign Literature
Pregnancy rates among teens worldwide are inclusive of teenage girls
who become pregnant before reaching the age of 20, whether they are single
or married. Due to many of the potential negative outcomes from it, teen
pregnancy is seen as a major societal issue in the majority of countries
worldwide today.
Developing countries and industrialized countries have differing
teenage pregnancy rates. Many factors can contribute to a teen’s risk of
becoming pregnant. Family history and home life seem to have an impact on
teenage girls. An exploratory study on the risk and protective factors
associated with adolescent pregnancy. Through a study, they found a
correlation between the parenting style in the girl’s home and teenage
pregnancy. The findings suggest that adolescent pregnancy will be more

common in young women who grow up with authoritarian or permissive
parents. In contrast, “adolescents who perceived their parents to be more
responsive, communicative and allowing of them to develop were” less likely
to get pregnant as a teenager (Weiss, 2012).
Approximately 12 million girls aged 15–19 years and at least 777,000
girls under 15 years give birth each year in developing regions. At least 10
million unintended pregnancies occur each year among adolescent girls aged
15–19 years in the developing world (Ganchimieg, et al., 2014).
Teen pregnancy that occurs in North America and Western Europe tends to
involve unmarried women. The majority of teen pregnancy in developing
countries, however, occurs in married teenage girls. The children of teenage
mothers are also disadvantaged themselves in a number of ways. The United
States has the highest teenage fertility rate among all economically developed
countries, with the exception of Bulgaria. Nearly half a million women under
the age of 20, out of a total of about twelve million, give birth to a child each
year, or about 3.5%, versus 0.7% in France (Barbieri, 2012).
Teen pregnancies are associated with poor social and economic
conditions and prospects for women, potentially compromising their
educational and economic opportunities, or they might be a marker of the
environments in which young women live. The children of teenage mothers
are also disadvantaged themselves in a number of ways. First of all, infant
mortality rates are higher among teenage mothers’ children. Due to an
increased risk of developmental problems, these children often also have

lessened motor and language skills in childhood than do their age-matched
counterparts birthed by older mothers. First of all, infant mortality rates are
higher among teenage mothers’ children. Due to an increased risk of
developmental problems, these children often also have lessened motor and
language skills in childhood than do their age-matched counterparts birthed
by older mothers (Burton, 2017).
Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of
death for 15–19-year-old girls globally. Of the estimated 5.6 million abortions
that occur each year among adolescent girls aged 15–19 years, 3.9 million
are unsafe, contributing to maternal mortality, morbidity and lasting health
problems. Adolescent mothers (ages 10–19 years) face higher risks of
eclampsia, puerperal endometritis, and systemic infections than women aged
20 to 24 years, and babies of adolescent mothers face higher risks of low birth
weight, preterm delivery and severe neonatal conditions. (Ganchimieg, et al.,
2014).
Among 35 developed countries for which adolescent pregnancy rates
could be calculated, Romania has the highest rate. Abortion data for Romania
are incomplete; therefore, the true pregnancy rate in this country may be even
higher than estimated. According to a recent review of 35 developed
countries, the highest adolescent abortion rates are in England and Wales
and Sweden (20 per 1,000 women aged 15–19 in 2011 and 2010,
respectively).
Teenage pregnancy should be seen as a problem in need of
addressing and action in developing nations and the developed world alike to
secure better futures for children across the globe (Burton, 2017).
Local Literature
Philippines have the highest rate of teenage pregnancy among the
ASEAN countries in the previous years (Vicerra, 2017). Commission on
Population and Development (PopCom) reported that about 1.2 million
children had children over a 10-year period. The Philippines is currently
haunted by teenage pregnancy woes as 13.6 percent of girls below 18-years-
old got themselves pregnant in 2018. Nine percent of girls aged between 15
and 19 have already given birth or are pregnant, the Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA) said in 2017. On the other hand, PopCom called on President
Rodrigo Duterte on October 23, 2019, to issue an executive order declaring
adolescent pregnancy a national emergency, as incident rates remain
alarming (Abad, 2019).
The issue of teenage pregnancy is widespread in various parts of the
country. Today, we face the painful reality that at a very young age, most
young people have children of their own. Popcom said some 196,000 Filipinos
between the ages of 15 and 19 years old get pregnant each year. To fulfill
government’s mandate to improve adolescent and youth education, health,
and development, the Department of Education and Department of Health
organized a summit for national convergence and dialogue on the complex

issues on early pregnancy dubbed “Kapit-Kamay: Empowering the Youth to
Make Informed Choice” held at the Philippine International Convention Center
in Pasay City. The summit took a closer look into the phenomenon of early
pregnancy within the context of education, health and development and
brought together government, the private sector, development partners, civil
society organizations, and adolescent and youth-led organizations to provide
a platform for understanding of the phenomenon of early pregnancy. The
gathering also identified opportunities for convergence and collaboration to
deepen understanding and work on ways forward (Paunan, 2019).
Cagayan Valley has the highest pregnancy rate during 2013. It is also
said that Region 2 recorded 11.2 percent pregnant teenage girls surpassing
the record of the National Capital Region with only 9.5 percent (The Manila
Times, 2013). Supporting the statement, the Municipality of Ballesteros during
the past three years (2016-2017-2019), cases of teenage pregnancy became
popular. Based on the data given by the Rural Health Unit of Ballesteros, year
2016 had the most number of teenage pregnancies with a total number of
100, while year 2017 had the least which decreased to 77. (RHU, 2020) In
addition it is also stated that Barangay Centro East, Ballesteros, Cagayan has
the highest number of pregnant teenagers from January to August until the
end of the year 2019 (Tabios, 2019).
Studies have shown that delaying adolescent births could significantly
lower population growth rates, potentially create broad economic and social
benefits, in addition to improving the health of adolescents. Since 1999,

adolescent birth rates have been increasing in the Philippines. At the same
time, the decline in maternal and newborn mortality has decelerated to the
point that the country is unable to meet its millennium development goals.
Studies on the factors influencing adolescent health and behavior, as well as
adolescent-friendly interventions and programs targeting their needs, are
needed to address the escalating issue of teenage pregnancy (Capanza,
Aguila, et al., 2015).
Changing the context of teenage pregnancy, eliminating the stigma
attached to it and behavior modification to young males, parents, and
teachers has been suggested by recent studies as a support to the teenage
mothers (Denney, et al., 2016).
One capacity building initiative of the POPCOM is the KATROPA
(Kalalakihang Tumutugon sa Responsibilidad at Obligasyon Para sa
Kalusugan ng Ina at Pamilya), that highlights the role of men in promoting
maternal and child health and responsible parenting. The training module for
the male peers includes basic gender concepts and issues, understanding
one’s sexuality, improving relationships with partner, one’s role in Maternal,
Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition, protection from gender-based
violence, and protection from sexually transmitted disease. POPCOM could
conduct this initiative to schools with young males as target participants and
devise an age-appropriate module that provides comprehensive sexual
education and information about teenage pregnancy. Stigma on teenage
pregnancy might be inevitable but the society should do their effort to modify
this behavior because they teenage mothers still have a chance in life.
Teenage mothers can still contribute to the productivity of the society because
they are developing an increase in motivation and drive in life, due to their
offspring (Edin & Kefalas, 2005).
Related Studies
Foreign Study
One of the major problems around the world is facing is early
pregnancies. No doubt that many studies were conducted to address this
issue. Teenage pregnancy is a public health concern both in developed and
developing countries it’s been defined as a person within the ages 13-19. In
the developing countries, one- third to one half of women became mothers
before the age of 20.
Sexual development is a normal part of teen years. And teens need
parents or guardian to help understand his or her feelings, peer pressure, and
how to say no if he or she does not want to have sex. Parents have a strong
impact on whether a teenager makes healthy decisions for himself or herself.
This goes for making healthy decisions about sex, as well which is why they
often limit their children’s freedom to make sure they are safe and protected.
Survey data from adolescents (ages 15-18) and their parents were analyzed
to assess how reports of parental discipline and control were related to
adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior. Adolescents’ perceptions of
parental strictness and rules show a curvilinear relationship to their sexual

attitudes and behavior; sexual permissiveness and intercourse experience
was highest among adolescents who viewed their parents as not being strict
at all or not having any rules, lowest among reported that their parents were
moderately strict, and intermediate among teens who perceived their parents
to be very strict and to have many rules. In conclusion teens who obeys and
talks with their parents about sex, relationships, birth control and pregnancy
begins to have sex at later age and will not end up impregnating someone or
getting pregnant in an early age (Miller, et al., 2020).
According to the World Health Statistics 2014, the average global birth
rate among 15–19 year olds is 49 per 1000 girls, whereas country rates range
from 1 to 299 births per 1000 girls. Rates were highest in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The 10 highest-risk countries for teenage motherhood are still Niger, Liberia,
Mali, Chad, Afghanistan, Uganda, Malawi, Guinea, Mozambique, and the
Central African Republic. In these countries, teenage birth rate (births per
1000 women aged 15–19) ranges from 233 in Niger to 132 in the Central
African Republic. In Niger, more than 50% of teenage girls (15–19 years) are
married. Approximately 25% of teenage girls gave birth between 15 and 19.
Nowadays, the vast majority of teenage pregnancies occur in low- and
middle-income countries characterized by poor health-care services;
therefore, complications during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum phase (e.g.,
42 days after birth) are the second cause of death among girls aging between
15 and 19 years worldwide (Kinchergast, 2016).

Pregnancy in teenage women was associated with higher incidence of
preterm labor and low birth weight. Older group pregnancies had higher
incidence of mean gestational age, caesarean section, maternal mortality and
more neonatal birth weight. Further researches are suggested for studying
strategies that improve the quality of health services provided to the
adolescent pregnant women, and long-term effects of teenage pregnancy on
reproductive career and other gynecological and obstetric complications
(Elden et al., 2015).
Obstetrical risks of teenage pregnancies are predominantly interpreted
as results of adverse social and economic factors rather than chronological
age. This, however, is no reason to deny that teenage pregnancies are
currently still an important public health problem all over the world. On the
other hand, special support programs concluding medical care, financial, and
social supports for pregnant teenage girls and teenage mothers were
introduced. First of all, special consulting hours for young girls free of charge
at hospitals and private practices of gynecologists improved the access to
contraceptives and advanced sexual education.
In Austria governmental financial support for young mothers reduced
poverty among teenage mothers dramatically. Despite these improvements of
the situation of teenage mothers, we should not forget that the development of
strategies to reduce teenage pregnancy rate and teenage motherhood,
especially among young adolescents, effectively should be a goal of public
health worldwide (Kinchergast, 2016).

Though teen age pregnancy had poor maternal and prenatal health
outcomes, its magnitude and determinants are not well understood.
Therefore, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among
514 teenagers in Wogedi, northeast Ethiopia, from April to May 2017. There is
high prevalence of teenage pregnancy in the area. Age, residence,
contraceptive nonuse, and parental divorce were found to have a statistically
significant association. Strengthening contraceptive use by giving special
attention to rural dwellers and showing the consequences of divorce to the
community are strongly recommended (Yalew, Habitu et. al).
South Asia has the largest proportion of young people in the world and
teenage pregnancy has emerged as one of the major public health problem
among them. The recorded teenage pregnancy rate is highest in South Asia
was in Bangladesh 35% followed by Nepal 21% and India 21%.And Socio-
economic factors, low educational attainment, cultural and family structure
were also consistently identified as a determinant and risk factors for teenage
pregnancy. Majority of teenage girls are reported with basic knowledge on
sexual health however, very few of them have used the knowledge into
practice. Both social and medical consequences of teenage pregnancies are
reported consistently along the most of the studies. Utilization of health
services, which is a protective factor, remains low and consistent (Dev Raj, et
al., 2010).
Various reasons have been also attributed to this ranging from early
age at marriage, poor knowledge, unavailability and low use of contraception

and poverty. Poor teenagers have few opportunities and reasons to avoid or
delay childbearing and simply see no reason not to get pregnant. Determining
poverty as a consequence of teen pregnancy on the lives of teenagers is
complicated because of the difficulty in distinguishing between pre-existing
condition and those that are a result of the early pregnancy. However since
poor adolescent are at high risk for teen pregnancy, poverty may be a pre-
existing condition and an effect of the pregnancy (Oke, 2010).
Local Study
Many studies were conducted about the alarming rate of teenage
pregnancy in the Philippines particularly in the municipality of Ballesteros,
Cagayan. As the Philippines becomes a counter-trend in the global issue of
teenage pregnancy, it is very important to identify the response and behaviour
of young mothers with this situation.
Adolescence is a stage where teenagers adjust in their physical and
emotional changes in life, it also represents the period of sexual maturation.
Teenagers prefer to go with their peers rather than with their parents due to
strong peer pressure (Pogoy, et al., 2014). In addition, adolescent
pregnancies are a global problem that occurs in high, middle, and low income
countries like the Philippines which is part of the third world country. (Galeon,
2018) The timing of school-based interventions such as sexuality education
should be mindful of the finding that teenage pregnancy is the highest among
those with the least education, specifically those with elementary or lower
educational attainment (Natividad, 2013).
According to the Fair and Fearless Freeman (2005), there is a rising
trend of pregnant young women in the country and most of them are
unmarried. For two decades, the Philippines had shown a constant and
considerably high RP prevalence. Further investigation, not only in the
Philippines but also in other developing countries, is necessary to enable
development of secondary prevention programs. There is a constant trend of
one in every five adolescent mothers in the Philippines experiencing repeated
pregnancy from 1993 to 2013 (across all regions, type of residence, and
socio-economic status). (Maravilla, Betts, Alati, 2018) Probably because, the
sexual revolution has ushered in a period in which the average adolescent
experiences tremendous pressures to have sexual experiences of all kinds.
Filipino teens get a higher exposure to sex from the Internet, magazines, TV
shows, movies and other media than decades ago, yet without any
corresponding increase in information on how to handle the input. In fact,
female adolescents whose friends engage in sexual behavior were found to
be more likely to do the same compared to those who do not associate with
such peers (Singson, et al., 2018). Similarly to this, Philippines’ National
Demographic and Health Survey series over a number of years, together with
findings from the Family Health Survey, corroborates that more teenagers
now are getting pregnant compared to earlier cohorts. A confluence of factors
have come together to make this happen: a trend toward younger age at
menarche, changing norms and practices with regard premarital sexual
activity among the youth and increasing acceptance of premarital sex coupled
with less societal pressure to legitimize out-of-wedlock pregnancies
(Natividad, 2013).
However, in all the studied cases, parents are supportive of their child
who wants to be involved in a romantic relationship. The problem lies however
in the lack of further explanation for the young couple. The assumption is that
they are ready to have a partner and that they are old enough to know their
limitations. They may have responsibilities at home like an adult but in reality,
they are still young girls and boys who are in dire need of guidance. The
views of the teenage mothers in adolescent sexuality, romantic relationships,
and motherhood in Tondo are highly influenced by their economic condition.
While the community members themselves also take actions to help the
teenage mothers in their transition to adulthood, the role of broader structures
in the formation of the youth’s mind set on sexuality and family planning
cannot be ignored. To sum it up, extreme poverty is the main reason that they
dropped out of school, and they were forced to work like adults (Gregorio,
2018). However, the study, commissioned with the Cagayan State University,
revealed that teenage mothers experience domestic violence when they
already face hardships in nurturing their child and in meeting the daily
demands of their family. This study was conducted following the national
survey which revealed that Cagayan Valley Region is the second highest on
teenage pregnancy prevalence nationwide, next to Cordillera Administrative
Region (Bacay, 2018).
In the Philippines, adolescent pregnancies are more likely to occur in
marginalized communities and Ballesteros is not an exemption which is
commonly driven by poverty and lack of education and employment
opportunities.
Synthesis
Teenage pregnancy should be seen as a problem that in need of
addressing and action in developing nations and the developed world alike to
secure better futures for children across the globe. Many studies proven that
consequences to the teenage mother and also it effects to the community.
While many countries formulating and pursue advocacies to fulfill the
lacking of resources and medically accurate information about sex and
sexuality. Because majority of unintended pregnancies are because of
teenagers ignoring and avoiding this issue, resulting their ignorance to lead
them in handling unwanted responsibilities. Now, teenage pregnancy is a
trending issue in various parts of the country. It is a painful reality that at a
very young age, most teenagers have children of their own.
Base on recent researches about foreign studies, the average of global
birth rate among 15 to19 year olds is 49 per 1000 girls, whereas country rates
range from 1 to 299 births per 1000 girls and this mainly occurs in low- and
middle-income countries characterized by poor health-care services;

therefore, complications during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum phase are
the second cause of death among girls aging between 15 and 19 years
worldwide. Even though teen age pregnancy had poor maternal and prenatal
health outcomes, its factors and determinants are not well understood. South
Asia have the largest proportion of young people in the world, identified that
Socio-economic factors, low educational attainment, cultural and family
structure were also consistently proved as a determinant and risk factors for
teenage pregnancy. On the other hands, in the local studies, Filipino teens get
a higher exposure to sex from the Internet, magazines, TV shows, movies and
other media than decades ago, yet without any corresponding increase in
information on how to handle the issue.
The impact of the environment, the perspective and views toward
teenage pregnancy is different or changing. And now trends toward younger
age at menarche, changing norms and practices with regard premarital sexual
activity among the youth and increasing acceptance of premarital sex coupled
with less societal pressure to legitimize out-of-wedlock pregnancies. The
views of the teenage mothers in adolescent sexuality, romantic relationships,
and motherhood are highly influenced by their economic condition. The effect
of teenage pregnancy revealed that teenage mothers experience domestic
violence when they already face hardships in nurturing their child and in
meeting the daily demands of their family.
According from the research foreign literature, different countries all
around the world that continuously encouraging teens to be more aware of

this issue. The disadvantage in engaging teens to early pregnancies that can
affect the economy that leads to poverty. Mothers of teens must be
responsible and open-minded to their daughters to educate them to the
impact of teenage pregnancy, to create a responsive relationship in their
home, especially around the topics of sex and sexuality. While in local
literature, Philippine is one of the countries that have a large number of
teenage pregnancy cases. It was studied that 13.6 percent of the teenager
girls got themselves pregnant in the year 2018. The Philippine government
noticed this increasing rate of teenage pregnancy. In fact, Cagayan top the
highest rate during 2013, gaining 11.2 percent pregnant teenage girls
surpassing the record of the National Capital Region with only 9.5 percent. In
addition, Barangay Centro East, Ballesteros, Cagayan has the highest
number of pregnant teenagers from January to August until the end of the
year 2019. But in order to be aware of this phenomenon, the Department of
Education and Department of Health organized a summit for national
convergence and dialogue on the complex issues on early pregnancy dubbed
Kapit-Kamay: Empowering the Youth to Make Informed Choice. The gathering
also identified opportunities for convergence and collaboration to deepen
understanding and work on ways forward.
Effects and impact of teenage pregnancy in the Philippines and all over
the world is alarming. With the current issue about early pregnancies, teens
must be mindful to its disadvantage.

Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methodology Used for the Study
This research utilizes descriptive method of inquiry that pursues to
understand and survey the respondents’ response and behavior regarding on
the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy around Ballesteros, Cagayan.
Respondents
The researchers used purposive judgmental sampling in the study
particularly in selecting twenty-five participants within teenagers in
Ballesteros, Cagayan who have knowledge in teenage pregnancy.
Additionally, the researchers need to get in touch with them to have better
understanding on their reaction, perspective and feelings. Through that, they
can also share their suggestions on teenage pregnancy.
Data Collection and Analysis
To gather data, the researchers used two methods: interview and
floating questionnaire.
In interview, the researchers conducted one-on-one interview and
transcribe their answers which make up 10-15 minutes, for every respondent
depending on their approaches and of the interviewer. After the interview, the
researchers started to analyze and review, for them to be able to collect the
needed and accurate data. After analyzing the data, the researchers encoded
them in verbatim. Then, the researchers drew the conclusions.
In floating questionnaire, the researchers used survey questionnaire to
gather data. Every respondent will complete depending on the time allotment
of the respondent. After the survey, the researchers started to analyze and
review their responses so that they could be able to gather the needed and
accurate data. After analyzing the data, the researchers encoded them in
verbatim. Then, the researchers drew the conclusions.
Sub-questions
1. What can you say about the occurrences of teenage pregnancy?
2. Why do you think teenage pregnancy cases increases in Ballesteros,
Cagayan?
3. How can you address the issue about teenage pregnancy concerning,
 Going out at night?
 Hanging out with friends?
 Considering the places you go?
4. What are your ways in dealing on the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy
in Ballesteros?
Trustworthiness
To establish validity, reliability and credibility of the study, data to
source method is strictly employed.
Researchers gave advanced written and verbal consent to the
respondents for the interview. They are also given an assurance that the
captured photo for documentation of interview and survey questionnaire will
be kept confidentially especially if the topic is sensitive. Data were collected
until saturation was completed.
Transcription of Interviews
(Responses were written in verbatim)
RESPONDENT 1
Interviewer: What is your perception about teenage pregnancy?
Respondent: I think teenage pregnancy is a result of teenager's
recklessness.
Interviewer: What do you think are the factors that lead to the
increase of early teenage pregnancy in
Ballesteros, Cagayan?
Respondent: Parental failure, lack of knowledge about teenage
pregnancy, recklessness.
Interviewer: How can this issue on the increasing rate of teenage
pregnancy in Ballesteros affect your regular
activities?
 Going out at night
 Hanging out with friends
 Considering the places you go
Respondent: Habang tumataas ang rate ng teenage pregnancy mas
pinaghihigpitan kami ng parents na lumabas labas kase
natatakot sila na baka magaya kami because of peer
pressure or maging victim ng rape.
Interviewer: How will you act upon the issue on the increasing
rate of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros?
Respondent: Use social media or tell my friends the cons and causes
of teenage pregnancy and increase awareness.
RESPONDENT 2
Respondent: Teenage pregnancy is a serious problem in the society
and should be dealt with immediately.
increase of early teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros,
Cagayan?
Respondent: 1st is maybe lack of knowledge about teenage pregnancy
2nd is parental guidance.
activities?
Respondent: It doesn't affect me that much because I'm a man after
all, girls should be more wary on whom they hang out
with.
Respondent: Educate my friends on teenage pregnancy especially
those younger than me.
RESPONDENT 3
Respondent: I think it is bad because teenage pregnancy is one of the
problems that our country is facing and that we should
always try to reduce the rate by necessary actions.

Cagayan?
Respondent: Early relationships amongst students because most of
the cases in teenage pregnancy is among girls who were
impregnated by their bf because of pressure.
activities?
Respondent: It does not but sometimes they forbid me to go to parties
because they are afraid I might get involved.
Respondent: I will educate my fellow teenagers about how it can ruin
our future.
RESPONDENT 4

Respondent: Teenage pregnancy has a lot of social consequences and
it will most affect your school activities. For me teenage
pregnancy is the result of lack of guidance.
Cagayan?
Respondent: They are engaged in to watching pornographic videos,
peer pressure from friends, bad influence from friend, lack
of guidance from parents, family problems, poverty and
lack of attention and lack of love.
activities?
Respondent: Going out at night- is risky for teenagers especially girls,
we do not know who lurks in the dark.
Hanging out with friends- it depends on who are your
friends; if they have good personality and you can trust
them well you are free from getting pregnant. In my

opinion it depends on your circle of friends on how they
will act as a responsible person.
Considering the places you go- this is very important
because you cannot fully trust your companion consider
this to protect yourself on unexpected events that might
happen.
Respondent: Parents should regularly check their child or children if
they are doing well, Always advice and guide your child in
the right path. Local childhood curfews are new provisions
which will help a local authority develop its community
safety strategy. I will also spread awareness about
teenage pregnancy.
RESPONDENT 5
Respondent: Teenage pregnancy is being a rampant in our generation,
because most of teenagers nowadays are not being
aware on what they are doing and can’t resist
temptations.
Cagayan?
Respondent: The factors that lead into early teenage pregnancy are
going to parties at night, hanging out with friends, going to
the house of the girl/boy w/o any person around them,
family problems, and lack of guidance from parents or
guardian.
activities?
Respondent: It can greatly affect my regular activities because my
parents would be more conscious about what I do and
where I go. But hanging out with friends is not a big deal if
you know them and you can trust them.
Respondent: I will serve as a good model to my fellow teenager women
in Ballesteros, in a very simple ways to lessen the early
teenage pregnancy.
RESPONDENT 6

Respondent: Teenage pregnancy ay isyu kung saan maagang
nabubuntis ang mga babaeng wala pa sa tamang edad.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Curiosity, lack of discipline, dahil sa hindi mapigilang
damdamin.
activities?
Respondent: Takot sa paglabas lalo na kung mag-isa. Hindi na ako
sumasama sa aking mga kaibigan kung may iba pa silang
kasama maliban sa kanila. Natatakot sa mga lugar na
pinupuntahan lalo na sa mga lugar na hindi ako pamilyar.
Hindi na pumupunta sa mga lugar na wala akong kakilala.

Respondent: Huwag magpapadala sa bugso ng damdamin. Matutong
maghintay.
RESPONDENT 7
Respondent: Teenage pregnancy is a very serious problem nowadays.
A lot of teens now are into it, and they lack knowledge
about teenage pregnancy. So teenage must take it
serious, and be educated about it.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Peer pressure, curiosity, and lack of guidance.
activities?
Respondent: Because of the alarming issue about teenage pregnancy,
I limit myself hanging out with my friends because some
of my boy/girl friends’ drink and that will really lead to

unsafe situation. And I don't want to be part or take part
any unwanted act.
Respondent: If I have the power to educate teens I will let them know
that teenage pregnancy will not bring any good for them.
It will just ruin their life, not really their entire life, but the
life of being a "teen". But also I need to start first in
myself.
RESPONDENT 8
Respondent: Teenage pregnancy is such a serious problem
encountered by some female teenagers. These can also
highly affect the teenager's everyday life. This problem
will also result to stop them going from school because
they will be shy and get bullied. The problem can be
prevented if the teenager is monitored and well disciplined
by their parents. Parents should also watch over their
children in order to keep them from these problems.
Cagayan?
Respondent: lack of parental guidance, curiosity, peer pressure and
poverty.
activities?
Respondent: I can only stay out until 7 because of the fact that I am
also scared and my parents are more strict than ever.
There will be a limitation when I go places and hanging
out with friends.
Respondent: For me as an individual, I can suggest the official of the
municipal to make a program to help teens and avoid
teenage pregnancy and for their parents, give their child
some parental guidance.
RESPONDENT 9

Respondent: Teenage pregnancy is one of the biggest issues here in
the Philippines right now. Teenage pregnancy is the early
pregnancy of young children especially teenagers.
Cagayan?
Respondent: For me, family problems is one primary driver why
teenage pregnancy occurs but, to escape from poverty,
pressure from friends, lack of knowledge about the said
topic and dropping out on school will also contribute.
activities?
Respondent: I think I will have no problem if I will hang with my friends
at night because when we go and hang at night, we don’t
take and drink any liquor. But when I go places I will have
limitations because my parents will be stern.

Respondent: I should always have a clear understanding about the
issue and discipline myself. Tell others about all the
knowledge I know about teenage pregnancy.
RESPONDENT 10
Respondent: Teenage pregnancy is rampant in our society nowadays,
especially to places where poverty is visible. And this
teenage pregnancy is a global issue that kills the dreams
of thousands of teenagers.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Lack of parental guidance, lack of knowledge about the
consequences, peers, poverty alcoholic beverages and
drugs.
activities?

Respondent: Going out at night - I am not going out at night without
anyone who is older than me and I am not doing it often
so this issue doesn't really affect that activity.
Hanging out with friends - my mother was very strict to
whom I hang out with, she became more strict when this
issue became rampant.
Considering the places you go - it affected the places I
would go, I am thinking about every place I would go
because we really don't know what would happen
anytime. So I would not consider going to places with
liquors and other more stuffs that can be the driver to
sexual intercourse and can lead to teenage pregnancy.
Respondent: I would be an advocate to stop the escalating number of
teenage pregnancy. I would start by myself, by not being
a teenage mother. Lastly, to spread awareness about this
issue to my fellow teens.
RESPONDENT 11
Respondent: My perception about into this teenage pregnancy issue
that is one benefactor problem of poverty, youths are just
destroying their reputation/ image in the eyes of

people for their own happiness without thinking of what
is the consequences of their actions. To the youth that
are suffered /suffering from pregnancy at the young
age are being judged by the people surrounds in
them without knowing the truth because they are
always looking for negative side of what was action
they've done. It disgusting to see because people may
think that they are not being teach well from their first
school and first teacher which is their house with her
parents.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Curiosity and lack of knowledge.
activities?
Respondent: Because of this issue, my regular activities got
interrupted. My parents don’t want me to hang out with my

friends anymore. If we are going to make a project, my
parents will always ask our teacher if she required us any
project.
Respondent: In increasing the rate of teenage pregnancy in here at
my beloved hometown which is the Ballesteros the
action that I will do is having a Platform for promoting
sex education, promoting sports and having a Bible
study for the youth for them to know sex is sacred.
RESPONDENT 12
Respondent: Kung saan maagang nabubuntis ang kabataan dahil sa
mga padalos dalos na desisyon.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Sa tingin ko dahil madaming nale-lead into early
pregnancy ay isa na ring factor ang pakikipag inuman sa
kung kani kaninong kasama, isa pa ay ang
pakikipagtanan o pakikilive in, o ang isang pinaka factor
ay ang kaso ng rape.

activities?
Respondent: Ang epekto nito sakin ay mas lalo akong pinaghihigpitan
ng aking mga magulang dahil ayaw nila akong matulad sa
mga maaagang nabubuntis dahil may pangarap pa akong
dapat abutin.
Respondent: Para sakin dapat umiwas tayo sa mga inuman o mga
bisyo bisyo kasi sa panahon ngayon hindi natin
namamalayan kung ano ang mga nagagawa natin dahil
sa mga padalos dalos nating desisyon tsaka dapat
magaral muna tayo bago tayo makipag relation dahil may
tamang panahon para sa pakikipagrelation at dapat kasal
muna bago makipagtalik o magpabuntis o dapat sigurado
ka na sa mga desisyon mo sa buhay.
RESPONDENT 13

Respondent: Misleading beliefs about love.
Cagayan?
Respondent: family problems, peer pressure and curiosity
activities?
Respondent: For me it depends on how you limit yourself, all of us
having respect on ourselves and if you are an educated
person you know how to handle yourself.
Respondent: I will not engage myself in premarital sex and have self
control. Also I will help the teens have options for the
future that are much more attractive than early pregnancy
and parenthood.
RESPONDENT 14

Respondent: Teenage pregnancy ay ang maagang pagbubuntis ng
kabataan.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Lack of child support, curiosity, mental health problem
activities?
Respondent: Going out at night and going places is limited only
because of doubt from parents. Hanging out with friends
is okay because I know that I can trust them and doing
such things is not on my mind.
Respondent: Be a voice and spread the effects of the said issue so that
they will be aware about teenage pregnancy.
RESPONDENT 15

Respondent: Cases of teenage pregnancy is increasing every year.
Teenage pregnancy should be taken seriously especially
to the teenagers. Teenagers need to be educated on this
issue.
Cagayan?
Respondent: I think their curiosity drives them to try unsafe sex or
intercourse.
activities?
Respondent: It affects my regular activities like going out at night.
Because of this issue, I am now afraid to go out at night.
Respondent: I will control myself. I will not try to have sex to anyone. I
will also educate the effects of teenage pregnancy so that
they will be aware on this issue.

RESPONDENT 16
Respondent: As of now, number of pregnant teens is still increasing. At
tsaka ang pangit tignan ang isang babae at a very young
age na nagdadalang tao. Supposedly, she is studying in
school at nag-eenjoy sa buhay bilang estudyante.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Lust, lack of attention of their parents, pag-iinom.
activities?
Respondent: It will not affect my regular activities as long na ginagawa
ko yung tama at tsaka iiwas nalang siguro sa mga
usapang maseselan at tsaka gawaing hindi kanais-nais
like pag iinom.

Respondent: Engage myself into awareness seminars and spread the
knowledge.
RESPONDENT 17
Respondent: It's quite alarming because it is increasing. Like, how
would they take care of their child if they are just
teenager? Well, I don't judge those teenage mom but they
can raise their child well if they have stable job that could
sustain their needs and wants.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Teenagers nowadays are not well mannered and also
some parents lack guidance in supervising their children
as a result some young people do unnecessary things just
to gain attention from their parents. They are too curious
about their feelings and lack of sex education. Even when
they know that it is not the best thing to do but they think it
is normal and they are already behind this curiosity, so
they also try it. They do not know what they are doing.
activities?
Respondent: Regarding on the regular activities that the teenagers
mostly do, they should discipline themselves and most
especially limit themselves to go out at night, be with
someone whom you can trust because securing yourself
for future instances is right. Be responsible with your
actions we are now matured enough to think what's right
and wrong for ourselves. And lastly, always consider the
places to go because teenage pregnancy is not just the
curiosity of teenager but also in harassment. I'd better
secure the places I go to feel safe, so I won’t face any
danger and not bear a child at a young age.
Respondent: I would like to propose that sex education would be part of
our curriculum and implemented by all schools but of
course, with the limitation of the topics. They do not know
what they are feeling, so they try to seek the answer. So,
in order to have better understanding to their selves, we
should help them. I know we are reserve country but this

proposition might help to lessen the increasing teenage
pregnancy issue.
RESPONDENT 18
Respondent: Marami sa mga dahilan kung bakit maagang nabubuntis
ang mga kababaihan ay dahil sa kulang na patnubay at
gabay ng magulang. Maaari ring dahilan nito ay ang
pagsama sa mga kaibigang masasama ang impluwensya.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Siguro iniisip nila na marami ng nabubuntis kaya feeling
nila hindi na big deal ito sa society ng Ballesteros.
activities?
Respondent: May effect sya lalo na sa mga magulang natin dahil
mababawasan ang tiwalang ibibigay nila saatin dahil sa
kontrobersyang ito.
Respondent: Dapat lahat ng kabataan kabilang ang mga lalaki ay dapat
ipa-seminar kaugnay sa Sex Education especially sa Safe
Sex.
RESPONDENT 19
Respondent: It is one of the major factors why most parents are scared
to let their children enter on a relationship once they
become teenagers.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Peer pressure, curiosity, broken family, lack of attention
and guidance coming from their parents, family and
friends.
activities?

Respondent: Going out at night- Going out at night scares me and
makes me more alert about the things that might happen
especially when I’m alone.
Hanging out with friends- My parents kept on scolding
me because they are always worried that something
might happen to me even when I’m with my friends.
Considering the places you go- Because I go to other
places I usually ask questions and let someone to
describe the place for me to know if it’s safe.
Respondent: I will be more aware and cautious especially when I’m
going out alone. And to other teens there attending to
seminars about teenage pregnancy might also help to
broaden up the knowledge that you have about this issue
in this case we can make better decisions and act the
right way.
RESPONDENT 20
Respondent: Teenage pregnancy is now increasing and has become
one of the major problems especially in Ballesteros,
Cagayan.
Cagayan?
Respondent: family problem, curiosity, lust, rebelling
activities?
Respondent: Due to the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy, regular
activities were limited because parents are alarmed of this
issue.
Respondent: As a teenager, I will refrain from doing something that
may lead to situations I might regret.
RESPONDENT 21
Respondent: Teenage pregnancy is one of the common problems in
our country. It's about how teenage girls get pregnant at
young age.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Lack of Parental Guidance, peer pressure, poverty, being
unable to study in college, and rape.
activities?
Respondent: Going out at night- As the oldest, tas girl pa, mas
humigpit yung pagbabawal sakin ng parents ko kapag
lumalabas ako. Like, hindi nila ako pinapayagan lumabas
ng gabi, dahil baka raw ma rape ako.
Hanging out with friends-Hindi naman sila mahigpit as
long as kilala nila yung mga kasama ko but dapat updated
parin sila
Considering the places you go-Eto, tingin nila, kapag
lumabas ako ng balle, pagbalik ko buntis na 'ko.

Respondent: I should apply all the knowledge I obtained sa mga
seminar na naattendan ko, and wag magpapadala sa
temptations. And if I will be given an opportunity, I'll join a
team to conduct a seminar din about teenage pregnancy
para sa mga hindi nag aaral na teenagers sa Ballesteros.
RESPONDENT 22
Respondent: Teenage pregnancy, in my opinion, is an act of being
reckless for the teenagers, well not in some cases like
rape.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Pre-marital sex, lack of education, peer pressure, curiosity
about sex.
activities?

Respondent: I only can go out until 7, my parents doesn't really allow
me to hangout. I always have anxiety or sometimes being
paranoid if I go to unknown places.
Respondent: For me, it is better if the parents will do the most important
thing their children to learn, and that is discipline, if their
children have the discipline then they will not become one
of those who contribute the rate of teenage pregnancy.
RESPONDENT 23
Respondent: Somehow reflects mishandle of intimate feelings between
young couples. Not a good concept at all.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Early exposure to pornography and other erotic devices,
exploration and uncontrolled intimacy and beliefs, peers
and distant relationship with parents, in fulfillment of
sexual desire.
activities?
Respondent: Going out at night- Parents will always be in panic every
time I go out at night.
Hanging out with friends- It will pressure us not to
hangout especially at night to avoid unwanted incidents.
Considering the places you go- I will be more vigilant
towards the places that I would want to go. I will be more
selective and avoid places like bars, etc.
Respondent: Be more vigilant and avoid things that may destroy your
future.
RESPONDENT 24
Respondent: Teenage Pregnancy is a major concern for our society.
Early engagement to unprotected sex and unmindfulness
of this generation's youth leads to this unpleasant
outcome.
Cagayan?
Respondent: It might be that it is something that is caused by improper
guidance and lack of discipline of teenagers.
activities?
Respondent: It has been affecting the norms and activities of teenagers
most especially that it causes girls like me to be forbidden
to wander and hang with my friends. Parents and Elders
usually think these activities as malicious deeds and
therefore jump into conclusions and are too strict and
doubt my relationships with guys.
Respondent: Simple, to not commit that wrong deed and not engage to
activities leading to teenage pregnancy and prioritize my
studies first. I will also be an advocate and advisor to my

friends that are facing situations of temptation that may
cause them to do this thing.
RESPONDENT 25
Respondent: Ang teenage pregnancy ay isa sa mga nakaka alarmang
isyu ngayon sa lipunan lalo na dito sa ballesteros. And
ang isang rason siguro kung bakit rumarami ang teenage
pregnancy ay siguro kawalan ng disiplina ng anak at
kawalan ng parental guidance.
Cagayan?
Respondent: Alam naman natin na ang mga kabataan ay maraming
gustong malaman, siguro dahil curious sila sa mga bagay
bagay kaya nakakagawa sila ng mga bagay that leads to
teenage pregnancy.
activities?

Respondent: Siyempre bilang isang kabataan, mas pinipili nating
makasama ang mga kaibigan at mga bf/gf natin so dahil
sa mga kaso ng teenage pregnancy, nalilimitahan nalang
ang pag gala ng gabi at di na masyadong napapayagan
na sumama sa barkada/bf/gf.
Respondent: As a youth, marami tayong pwede tayong maki coordinate
sa ating RHU upang Mag conduct ng mga seminars for
teenage pregnancy awareness.
Summary of Responses
Table 1. What is your perception about teenage pregnancy?
Respondents Answers
1 I think teenage pregnancy is a result of teenager's
recklessness.
2 Teenage pregnancy is a serious problem in the society and
should be dealt with immediately.

3 I think it is bad because teenage pregnancy is one of the
problems that our country is facing and that we should always
try to reduce the rate by necessary actions.

4 Teenage pregnancy has a lot of social consequences and it will
most affect your school activities. For me teenage pregnancy is
the result of lack of guidance.

5 Teenage pregnancy is being a rampant in our generation,
because most of teenagers nowadays are not being aware on
what they are doing and can’t resist temptations.

6 Teenage pregnancy is an issue where girl teenagers got
pregnant at an early age.

7 Teenage pregnancy is a very serious problem nowadays. A lot
of teens now are into it, and they lack knowledge about
teenage pregnancy. So teenage must take it serious, and be
educated about it.

8 Teenage pregnancy is such a serious problem encountered by
some female teenagers. These can also highly affect the
teenager's everyday life. This problem will also result to stop
them going from school because they will be shy and get
bullied. The problem can be prevented if the teenager is
monitored and well disciplined by their parents. Parents should
also watch over their children in order to keep them from these
problems.
9 Teenage pregnancy is one of the biggest issues here in the
Philippines right now. Teenage pregnancy is the early
pregnancy of young children especially teenagers.

10 Teenage pregnancy is rampant in our society nowadays,
especially to places where poverty is visible. And this teenage
pregnancy is a global issue that kills the dreams of thousands
of teenagers.
11 My perception about into this teenage pregnancy issue that
is one benefactor problem of poverty, youths are just
destroying their reputation/ image in the eyes of people for

their own happiness without thinking of what is the
consequences of their actions. To the youth that are
suffered /suffering from pregnancy at the young age are
being judged by the people surrounds in them without
knowing the truth because they are always looking for
negative side of what was action they've done. It disgusting
to see because people may think that they are not being
teach well from their first school and first teacher which is
their house with her parents.

12 It is when youth girls got pregnant early because of undecided
decisions.
13 Misleading beliefs about love.
14 Teenage pregnancy is an early pregnancy of youth.
15 Cases of teenage pregnancy are increasing every year.
Teenage pregnancy should be taken seriously especially to the
teenagers. Teenagers need to be educated on this issue.

16 As of now, numbers of pregnant teens is still increasing and it
is not good looking at teenagers who got pregnant at a very
young age. Supposedly, she is studying in school and enjoying
her teenage life.

17 It's quite alarming because it is increasing. Like, how would
they take care of their child if they are just teenager? Well, I
don't judge those teenage mom but they can raise their child
well if they have stable job that could sustain their needs and
wants.
18 Many of the reasons why teen girls got pregnant are because
they lack from parental guidance and also because of the bad
influence of their friends.

19 It is one of the major factors why most parents are scared to let
their children enter on a relationship once they become
teenagers.
20 Teenage pregnancy is now increasing and has become one of
the major problems especially in Ballesteros, Cagayan.

21 Teenage pregnancy is one of the common problems in our
country. It's about how teenage girls get pregnant at young
age.
22 Teenage pregnancy, in my opinion, is an act of being reckless
for the teenagers, well not in some cases like rape.

23 Somehow reflects mishandle of intimate feelings between
young couples. Not a good concept at all.

24 Teenage Pregnancy is a major concern for our society. Early
engagement to unprotected sex and un mindfulness of this
generation's youth leads to this unpleasant outcome.

25 Teenage pregnancy is an alarming issue in Ballesteros and
one of the reasons why it is increasing is because they lack
from discipline and parental guidance.
SUB-THEME Most of the responses show that teenage pregnancy is a
serious social issue which results from recklessness and that it
is a cause to many more problems.
THEME Perception of teenagers about teenage pregnancy.

Table 2. What do you think are the factors that lead to the increase of
early pregnancy in Ballesteros, Cagayan?
Respondents Answers
1 Parental failure, lack of knowledge about teenage pregnancy,
recklessness.
2 First, is maybe lack of knowledge about teenage pregnancy
2nd is parental guidance.

3 Early relationships amongst students because most of the
cases in teenage pregnancy is among girls who were
impregnated by their bf because of pressure.

4 They are engaged in to watching pornographic videos, peer
pressure from friends, bad influence from friend, lack of
guidance from parents, family problems, poverty and lack of
attention and lack of love.

5 The factors that lead into early teenage pregnancy are going
to parties at night, hanging out with friends, going to the
house of the girl/boy w/o any person around them, family
problems, and lack of guidance from parents or guardian.

6 Curiosity, lack of discipline, inevitable feelings.
7 Peer pressure, curiosity, and lack of guidance.
8 Lack of parental guidance, curiosity, peer pressure and
poverty.
9 For me, family problems is one primary driver why teenage
pregnancy occurs but, to escape from poverty, pressure from
friends, lack of knowledge about the said topic and dropping
out on school will also contribute.

10 Lack of parental guidance, lack of knowledge about the
consequences, peers, poverty alcoholic beverages and

drugs.
11 Curiosity and lack of knowledge.
12 I think drinking alcohol is one of the factors why teenagers
lead in to early pregnancy and also having a live-in partner or
the most factors is being raped.

13 family problems, peer pressure and curiosity
14 Lack of child support, curiosity, mental health problem.
15 I think their curiosity drives them to try unsafe sex or
intercourse.
16 Lust, lack of attention of their parents, drinking alcohol.
17 Teenagers nowadays are not well mannered and also some
parents lack guidance in supervising their children as a result
some young people do unnecessary things just to gain
attention from their parents. They are too curious about their
feelings and lack of sex education. Even when they know that
it is not the best thing to do but they think it is normal and they
are already behind this curiosity, so they also try it. They do
not know what they are doing.

18 Maybe they think that there are so many teens that got
pregnant that are why they feel that it is not a big deal in the
municipality of Ballesteros.
19 Peer pressure, curiosity, broken family, lack of attention and
guidance coming from their parents, family and friends.

20 Family problem, curiosity, lust, rebelling
21 Lack of Parental Guidance, peer pressure, poverty, being
unable to study in college, and rape.

22 Pre-marital sex, lack of education, peer pressure, curiosity
about sex.
23 Early exposure to pornography and other erotic devices,
exploration and uncontrolled intimacy and beliefs, peers and
distant relationship with parents, in fulfillment of sexual desire.

24 It might be that it is something that is caused by improper
guidance and lack of discipline of teenagers.

25 We all know that youths are curious so they have done such
things that lead to teenage pregnancy.

SUB-THEME Most of the response shows that lack of parental guidance,
curiosity, family problems, peer pressure and lack of
knowledge are the factors that lead to early pregnancy.
THEME Factors that lead to the increase of early pregnancy in
Ballesteros, Cagayan.
Table 3. How this issue on the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy in
Ballesteros affects your regular activities?
Respondents Answers
1 As the rate of teenage pregnancy increases, the more our
parents prohibit us going outside because they are afraid that
we might become one of them because of peer pressure or
rape.
2 It doesn't affect me that much because I'm a man after all,
girls should be more wary on whom they hang out with.

3 It does not but sometimes they forbid me to go to parties
because they are afraid I might get involved.

4 Going out at night- is risky for teenagers especially girls, we
do not who lurks in the dark.
Hanging out with friends- it depends on who are your
friends; if they have good personality and you can trust them
well you are free from getting pregnant. In my opinion it
depends on your circle of friends on how they will act as a
responsible person.
Considering the places you go- this is very important
because you cannot fully trust your companion consider this
to protect yourself on unexpected events that might happen.

5 It can greatly affect my regular activities because my parents
would be more conscious about what I do and where I go. But
hanging out with friends is not a big deal if you know them
and you can trust them.

6 Afraid of going out especially when I am alone. I am not
joining my friends when they are with strangers. I am afraid to
places that I am not familiar with and do not have someone I
know.
7 Because of the alarming issue about teenage pregnancy, I
limit myself hanging out with my friends because some of my
boy/girl friend’s drink and that will really lead to unsafe
situation. And I don't want to be part or take part any
unwanted act.
8 I can only stay out until 7 because of the fact that I am also
scared and my parents are more strict than ever. There will
be a limitation when I go places and hanging out with friends.

9 I think I will have no problem if I will hang with my friends at
night because when we go and hang at night, we don’t take
and drink any liquor. But when I go places I will have
limitations because my parents will be more strict.

10 Going out at night - I am not going out at night without
anyone who is older than me and I am not doing it often so
this issue doesn't really affect that activity.
Hanging out with friends - my mother was very strict to
whom I hang out with, she became more strict when this
issue became rampant.
Considering the places you go - it affected the places I
would go, I am thinking about every place I would go because
we really don't know what would happen anytime. So I would
not consider going to places with liquors and other more
stuffs that can be the driver to sexual intercourse and can
lead to teenage pregnancy.

11 Because of this issue, my regular activities got interrupted.
My parents don’t want me to hang out with my friends
anymore. If we are going to make a project, my parents will
always ask our teacher if she required us any project.

12 Because of teenage pregnancy, my parents became more
strict because they do not want me to be pregnant like others
for I have dreams to achieve.

13 For me it depends on how you limit yourself, all of us having
respect on ourselves and if you are an educated person you

know how to handle yourself.

14 Going out at night and going places is limited only because of
doubt from parents. Hanging out with friends is okay because
I know that I can trust them and doing such things is not on
my mind.
15 It affects my regular activities like going out at night. Because
of this issue, I am now afraid to go out at night.

16 It will not affect my regular activities as long as I am doing the
right things, I should avoid talking explicit topics and also
unwanted doings like drinking alcohols.

17 Regarding on the regular activities that the teenagers mostly
do, they should discipline themselves and most especially
limit themselves to go out at night, be with someone whom
you can trust because securing yourself for future instances is
right. Be responsible with your actions we are now matured
enough to think what's right and wrong for ourselves. And
lastly, always consider the places to go because teenage
pregnancy is not just the curiosity of teenager but also in
harassment. I'd better secure the places I go to feel safe, so I
won’t face any danger and not bear a child at a young age.
18 It has an effect especially to our parents because it lessens
their trust on us.

19 Going out at night- Going out at night scares me and makes
me more alert about the things that might happen especially
when I’m alone.
Hanging out with friends- My parents kept on scolding me

because they are always worried that something might
happen to me even when I’m with my friends.
Considering the places you go- Because I go to other
places I usually ask questions and let someone to describe
the place for me to know if it’s safe.

20 Due to the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy, regular
activities were limited because parents are alarmed of this
issue.
21 Going out at night- As the oldest, my parents became more
strict when I am going out. Like, they forbid me going out at
night that I might get rape.
Hanging out with friends- they still allow me hanging out
with my friends as long as I keep them updated.
Considering the places you go- my parents think that I
might get pregnant whenever I go outside Ballesteros.

22 I only can go out until 7, my parents doesn't really allow me to
hangout. I always have anxiety or sometimes being paranoid
if I go to unknown places.
23 Going out at night- Parents will always be in panic every
time I go out at night.
Hanging out with friends- It will pressure us not to hangout
especially at night to avoid unwanted incidents.
Considering the places you go- I will be more vigilant
towards the places that I would want to go. I will be more
selective and avoid places like bars, etc.

24 It has been affecting the norms and activities of teenagers
most especially that it causes girls like me to be forbidden to
wander and hang with my friends. Parents and Elders usually
think these activities as malicious deeds and therefore jump
into conclusions and are too strict and doubt my relationships
with guys.
25 Of course, as a youth, we choose to be with our friends and
partners and because of cases of teenage pregnancy, going
out became limited.

SUB-THEME Majority of the responses shows that the increasing rate of
teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros will most definitely affect
their regular activities due to the parent’s concern.
THEME Consequences of the increase of teenage pregnancy in
Ballesteros, Cagayan on regular activities (Going out at night,
hanging out with friends, considering the places you go).
Table 4. How will you act upon the issue on the increasing rate of
teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros?
Respondents Answers
1 Use social media or tell my friends the cons and causes of
teenage pregnancy and increase awareness.

2 Educate my friends on teenage pregnancy especially those
younger than me.

3 I will educate my fellow teenagers about how it can ruin our
future.
4 Parents should regularly check their child or children if they
are doing well, Always advice and guide your child in the right
path. Local childhood curfews are new provisions which will
help a local authority develop its community safety strategy. I
will also spread awareness about teenage pregnancy.

5 I will serve as a good model to my fellow teenager women in
Ballesteros, in a very simple ways to lessen the early teenage
pregnancy.
6 Do not be carried away by their emotions. Learn to wait
7 If I have the power to educate teens, I will let them know that
teenage pregnancy will not bring any good for them. It will just
ruin their life, not really their entire life, but the life of being a
"teen". But also I need to start first in myself.

8 For me as an individual, I can suggest the official of the
municipal to make a program to help teens and avoid teenage
pregnancy and for their parents, give their child some
parental guidance
9 I should always have a clear understanding about the issue
and discipline myself. Tell others about all the knowledge I
know about teenage pregnancy.

10 I would be an advocate to stop the escalating number of
teenage pregnancy. I would start by myself, by not being a
teenage mother. Lastly, to spread awareness about this issue
to my fellow teens.
11 In increasing the rate of teenage pregnancy in here at my
beloved hometown which is the Ballesteros the action that I
will do is having a Platform for promoting sex education,

promoting sports and having a Bible study for the youth
for them to know sex is sacred.

12 For me, we should refrain from drinking alcohols and other
kinds of addiction, because nowadays, we are very
unconscious about our actions and decisions. We should
focus on studying before entering into a relationship because
there is a right time for it. And lastly, marriage should come
first before getting pregnant.

13 I will not engage myself in premarital sex and have self
control. Also I will help the teens have options for the future
that are much more attractive than early pregnancy and
parenthood.
14 Be a voice and spread the effects of the said issue so that
they will be aware about teenage pregnancy.

15 I will control myself. I will not try to have sex to anyone. I will
also educate the effects of teenage pregnancy so that they
will be aware on this issue.

16 Engage myself into awareness seminars and spread the
knowledge.
17 I would like to propose that sex education would be part of
our curriculum and implemented by all schools but of course,
with the limitation of the topics. They do not know what they
are feeling, so they try to seek the answer. So, in order to
have better understanding to their selves, we should help
them. I know we are reserve country but this proposition
might help to lessen the increasing teenage pregnancy issue.

18 All youth including boys should participate on seminars
regarding on Sex Education especially on safe sex.

19 I will be more aware and cautious especially when I’m going
out alone. And to other teens there attending to seminars
about teenage pregnancy might also help to broaden up the
knowledge that you have about this issue in this case we can
make better decisions and act the right way.

20 As a teenager, I will refrain from doing something that may
lead to situations I might regret.

21 I should apply all the knowledge I obtained in seminars that I
have attended, and do not be carried away from temptations.
And if I will be given an opportunity, I'll join a team to conduct
a seminar about teenage pregnancy for those who are not
studying in Ballesteros.
22 For me, it is better if the parents will do the most important
thing their children to learn, and that is discipline, if their
children have the discipline then they will not become one of
those who contribute the rate of teenage pregnancy.

23 Be more vigilant and avoid things that may destroy your
future.
24 Simple, to not commit that wrong deed and not engage to
activities leading to teenage pregnancy and prioritize my
studies first. I will also be an advocate and advisor to my
friends that are facing situations of temptation that may cause
them to do this thing.

25 As a youth, we are allowed to coordinate with RHU to conduct
seminars for teenage pregnancy awareness.

SUB-THEME Most of the response shows that educating and spreading
knowledge about teenage pregnancy should be done.

THEME Actions upon the issue on the increasing rate of teenage
pregnancy in Ballesteros.
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After the analysis of the collected data, there were four themes that
emerged from the data analysis. These were: 1) Perception of teenagers
about teenage pregnancy; 2) Factors that lead to the increase of early
pregnancy in Ballesteros, Cagayan; 3) Consequences of the increase of
teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros, Cagayan on regular activities (Going out at
night, hanging out with friends, considering the places you go); 4) Actions
upon the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros.
The detailed discussion follows:
1. Perception of teenagers about teenage pregnancy

Most of the responses show that teenage pregnancy is a serious social
issue which results from recklessness and that it is a cause to many
problems.
Their perceptions are similar to the study of the World Health
Organization in the year 2020 that adolescent pregnancies are a global
problem occurring in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Around the
world, however, adolescent pregnancies are more likely to occur in
marginalized communities, commonly driven by poverty and employment
opportunities. In many societies, girls are under pressure to marry and bear
children early.
2. Factors that lead to the increase of early pregnancy in Ballesteros,
Cagayan.
Most of the response shows that lack of parental guidance, curiosity,
family problems, peer pressure and lack of knowledge are the factors that
lead to early pregnancy.
The findings of this study on the factors that lead to the increase of
early pregnancy in Ballesteros, Cagayan is similar to the study of Pogoy, et
al., (2014), where they inferred that teenagers prefer to go with their peers
rather than with their parents due to strong peer pressure. In addition,
according to Singson et al., (2018), the sexual revolution has ushered in a
period in which the average adolescent experiences tremendous pressures to
have sexual experiences of all kinds. Most of the response shows that lack of
knowledge is also a factor that leads to teenage pregnancy, which is also

stated in the study of Dev Raj, et al., (2010). It shows that majority of teenage
girls are reported with basic knowledge on sexual health however, very few of
them have used the knowledge into practice. Gregorio (2018) also stated that
the problem lies however in the lack of further explanation for the young
couple. They may have responsibilities at home like an adult but in reality,
they are still young girls and boys who are in dire need of guidance.
Another study of Oke (2010), proves that family problem is one of the
factors that contribute to the increase of teenage pregnancy. Poor teenagers
have few opportunities and reasons to avoid or delay childbearing and simply
see no reason not to get pregnant.
3. Consequences of the increase of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros,
Cagayan on regular activities (Going out at night, hanging out with
friends, considering the places you go)
Most of the responses showed that the increasing rate of teenage
pregnancy will most definitely affect their regular activities due to the parent’s
concern.
The responses connected to the findings of Miller, et al., (2020) that
sexual development is a normal part of teen years. And teens need parents or
guardian to help understand his or her feelings, peer pressure, and how to
say no if he or she does not want to have sex.
Parents have a strong impact on whether a teenager makes healthy
decisions for himself or herself. This goes for making healthy decisions about
sex, as well which is why they often limit their children’s freedom to make sure
they are safe and protected.
Survey data from adolescents (ages 15-18) and their parents were
analyzed to assess how reports of parental discipline and control were related
to adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior. Adolescents’ perceptions of
parental strictness and rules show a curvilinear relationship to their sexual
attitudes and behavior; sexual permissiveness and intercourse experience
was highest among adolescents who viewed their parents as not being strict
at all or not having any rules, lowest among reported that their parents were
moderately strict, and intermediate among teens who perceived their parents
to be very strict and to have many rules.
In conclusion Miller’s research shows that teens who obeys and talks
with their parents about sex, relationships, birth control and pregnancy begins
to have sex at later age and will not end up impregnating someone or getting
pregnant in an early age.
4. Actions upon the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros
Most of the response shows that educating and spreading knowledge
about teenage pregnancy should be done.
The responses connected to the findings of Geminiano (2018), that
Department of Health (DOH) in Cordillera launched projects aimed at lowering
the incidence of adolescent pregnancies in the region under the banner of
“Am-mong (gathering) for Health: Adolescent edition”. The technical working
group will educate and to provide services needed by the adolescents. The
workshop was annually held and the cases of adolescent pregnancies
seemed decreased in the region, and the program continues to address the
situation to sustain or to lower the percentage of teenage pregnancy.
In addition, according to Ubaldo (2020), the Guidance and Counseling
Office in collaboration with the CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc. (CMDI)
spearheaded a seminar entitled, “Boy-Girl Relationship: Bakit Maasarap ang
Bawal Bes?” that aims to: deepen understanding of the youth regarding
premarital sex and teenage pregnancy as one of the critical issues in the
Philippine society, protect students from the consequences and complications
of premarital sex through information dissemination, instill the value of
responsibility and maturity, and inform students to lessen the risky behaviors
they might make in the near future.

Chapter V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the whole study having as its salient features the
findings surfaced in answer to the problem posed for the investigation. It has
its components the conclusion drawn out the findings and the
recommendation also as off-shoot of the finding surface at.
Conclusion
As teenage pregnancy increasing rate in Ballesteros, Cagayan create
havoc to every citizen, the researchers conducted this study to have deeper
understanding.
Based on the findings of the study, the researcher derived the following
conclusions:
It is stated in the study, that teens are aware in Ballesteros to the
increasing rate of teenage pregnancy and now a societal issue. Respondents
enunciate, that out of impulsive nature that teens are involve to early
pregnancies. The study added, that because of the following factors: lack of
guidance of parents, guardian and elders teens are less mindful in every
action and decisions they’re making. Out of curiosity, teens are more drawn to
explore sexual activities. Because of family problem, teens mostly seek
comfort to their partners and become intimate with them. One of the teens are
facing is peer pressure, because of bad influence they are forced to do
activities they should not partake. Lastly, being ignorant and lack of
knowledge make teens be impulsive, being not informed on things made them
confident to include themselves in adverse activities. Thus, considering these
factors may change the response of teens to the temptation in engaging in
teenage pregnancies.
According to the respondents, many consequences may fall to
teenagers because of the issues caused by increasing rate of teenage
pregnancy. Due to parent’s concern to their child especially to their daughters,
the regular activities of their child are affected. Such as: going out at night, the
parents are more cautious to their child when night falls, because they might
encounter danger when they are alone. Hanging out with friends, teens
needed to be discipline and limit themselves in hanging to their friends out of
bad influence and unwanted incidents. Considering places to go: teens more
considerate on the distance to the desired destination and proceed to the
places they are more safe and secured.
It is also stated in the study, to deal and address the issue about the
increasing rate of teenage pregnancy. Promoting sexual education and share
knowledge about teenage pregnancy is a must. Conducting seminars about
sexual health must be prioritize especially to remote areas. Providing needed
knowledge to individual to have rational thinking in making decisions. People’s
participation in this kind of activity is important. To refrain from
misunderstanding in touching sensitive issues pertaining to teenage
pregnancy it is momentous to observed intellectual capacity of individuals,

attitudes and views toward early pregnancies before letting someone share
information.
By understanding the response and behavior of teens to the increasing
rate of teenage pregnancy, it indicates in this study that many factors that
greatly contribute to the early pregnancies, consequences and what should be
done in dealing the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy.
Recommendations
As logical off-shoots of the finding surface at, the researchers
recommend to the teenagers, parents, community, local government, school,
and future researchers the following:
Teenagers. It is their responsibility not to be part of the adolescent
pregnancy. They must willingly cooperate to such guidelines and activities
involving teenage pregnancy and be knowledgeable about it. They should
understand and accept the learning and disciplinary actions given by the
elders.
Parents. It is their responsibility to take good care and discipline their
child to avoid getting involved into early pregnancy. It is their duty to supervise
and monitor their child's activities, whether they are aware of their actions or
not. They should establish rules, curfews, and standards of expected
behaviors to reduce the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy.
Community. It is their responsibility to be aware of the increasing rate
of teenage pregnancy and be knowledgeable enough to avoid this issue. It is

their duty to understand the importance open communication between parents
and their children. This could be done through the use of campaigns and
workshops regarding the increasing rate of early pregnancy. And conclusively,
community awareness campaigns about the possible consequences of
teenage pregnancy and childbirths should be undertaken.
Local Government. It is their responsibility to implement programs
that will give knowledge not only to the teenagers but also to others regarding
the ways on how to eliminate the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy. They
should also make rules that will prevent teens doing unpleasant things in
public that will discipline every teenager. They must execute recreational
activities to the people especially teenagers, for them to have time for their
healthy well-being.
School. It is their responsibility to teach and guide teenagers on how to
manage the problem regarding the issue on the increasing rate of teenage
pregnancy. It is their duty to give knowledge to teenagers about being
pregnant at a young age. They should educate their students on how to
prevent early pregnancy and explain the consequences on being a parent
during their adolescence.
Future Researchers. They should discover an effective ways on how
to eliminate the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy. It is their duty to seek
more information regarding teenage pregnancy prevention. They must gather
more data to lessen and eliminate the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy.
Finding for further solution to this issue must be done for the sake of the
people in the near future.

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BALLESTEROS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

reproductive health. And the hormonal characteristic of a teenager is more

active. Thus, pregnancy among teenagers is prominent.

Teenage pregnancies are often associated with social development

single parenthood which catalyzes condition that renders the mother to

become irresponsible. (Salvador, 2016) In addition, teenage pregnancy is a

this study was to understand the attitudes and perceptions of teenagers

regarding teenage pregnancy and to explore their understanding of sexuality

and contraception. This study intended to contribute to a deeper

understanding by exploring teenagers’ own perceptions on the matter, to

suggest possible interventions.

cases of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros. And it's effect on everyday life of a

teenager. The objective of this study is oath to determine the consciousness

whom we are attracted to and what we choose to do about it and, if we have

intimate relationships, how we behave with our partners. Our ability to

fertility. The increasing rate of early pregnancy every year caused a

disturbance that may influence their routine. As they approach adolescence

The response of teenagers describes the action that will be done

regarding to the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros. The

early pregnancies of teens. This is a very large problem because it leads to

many different problems. It can lead to overpopulation, medical risks to the

study, the response of teens will be very important.

woman in the Philippines age 15 to 19 is already a mother or pregnant with a

Municipality of Ballesteros, the rate of this case is indeed increasing in the

with social development issues such as lack of sufficient education and

renders the mother to become irresponsible (Tabios, 2019).

teenagers in Ballesteros to the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy. Being

at risk for intentional pregnancy. They might be encountering many

consequences. Their sexual, physical, mental and emotional health can be

affected or erratic. Due to the poor educational qualification, teenage mothers

and develop happy and peaceful society, it is essential to take revolutionary

steps to restrain growing numbers of teenage pregnancy.

No doubt that teenage pregnancy is now one of the most serious

enlighten and address this issue. And everyone to be guided and

knowledgeable to the root of the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the Response and Behavior of Teenagers

to the increasing Rate of Teenage Pregnancy.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the perception of teenagers about early pregnancy?

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to determine the response and behavior of

teenagers to the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy in Ballesteros,

It is projected that this study shall be beneficial specifically to the

behavior towards the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy.

Parents. Through this study it will serve as a guide to be more

responsible in discussing this issue and to have a stronger connection with

their children about teenager engagement in early pregnancies.

Community. Through this study it will serve as their perception on the

increasing rate of teenage pregnancy within Ballesteros, Cagayan. This will

evaluate their consciousness on deciding to address the teenage pregnancy

Economy. Through this study it can establish more graduates, which

can uplift the economy for they will be a productive citizen.

Schools. Through this study it will serve as a way to encourage

students to be more conscious about their decisions and path in life.

Future Researchers. Through this study it will serve as their