2.HOW TO AVOID POLLUTION?

(THERE'S A LOT OF POLLUTION IS SPREADING IN

THE COUNTRY WHICH IS UNAVOIDABLE DUE TO AMOUNT OF SMOKE EMITTED BY
FACTORIES, CARS AND ETC.)
*A.AbstractAsystematic review of the literature on the effects of air pollution on low birth
weight (LBW) and its determinants, preterm delivery (PTD) and intrauterine growth
restriction (IUGR), was conducted. Twelve epidemiologic investigations that addressed the
impact of air pollution on four pregnancy outcomes were identified. Results were analyzed
separately for each perinatal outcome because of differences in pathogenic mechanisms.
Effects of air pollution were apparent on PTD and IUGR, but not on LBW. Most of the
associations reported were rather small. The estimation of summary effects was not
meaningful because of the heterogeneity of the effect estimates arising from differences in
the measurements of outcome, exposure, and confounders and the small number of studies
per outcome (four studies for PTD and six for IUGR). Current scientific knowledge on the
impact of air pollution on fetal growth is still limited; thus, several issues should be examined
further.
Source:"A review of the literature on the effects of ambient air pollution on fetal growth -
PubMed" https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15068936/*
B.Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as
toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or
no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking,
cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous
waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately
80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water.
Source:"Reading Exercise - Pollution | EnglishClub"
https://www.englishclub.com/reading/environment/pollution.htm
C.Pollution which results in habitat destruction occur in land, sea, fresh water and in the
atmosphere is a global scale problem and brings negative effects on the environment and
wildlife and often impacts human health and well-being. Pollution prevention is the practices
that reduce or eliminate the creation of pollutants and its release in the environment. Any
practice that reduces, eliminates, or prevents pollution at its source are essential for
preserving wetlands, groundwater sources and other critical ecosystems from further
damage.
Source:"Pollution Prevention Journal | Pollution Prevention and Control Journal - Boffin
Access" https://www.boffinaccess.com/pollution-prevention-and-control 
D. Ammonia reacts in the atmosphere with pollutants from sources such as traffic or power
plants to form particulate matter – very fine particles that can penetrate our lungs, with major
health implications.This is not really a problem with small-scale, sustainable agricultural
practices, but (with) large-scale agri-food production of meat and dairy products,’ said Dr
Maione, who was scientific coordinator of the EU-funded SEFIRA project, which looked at
the socioeconomic implications of individual responses to air pollution policies in the
European Union.
Source:"Reducing air pollution begins at home, say scientists | Horizon: the EU Research &
Innovation magazine | European Commission" https://horizon-magazine.eu/article/reducing-
air-pollution-begins-home-say-scientists.html
E.Conserve energy - at home, at work, everywhere.Look for the ENERGY STAR label when
buying home or office equipment.Conserve energy - at home, at work, everywhere.Look for
the ENERGY STAR label when buying home or office equipment.Carpool, use public
transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible.Follow gasoline refueling instructions for
efficient vapor recovery, being careful not to spill fuel and always tightening your gas cap
securely.Consider purchasing portable gasoline containers labeled “spill-proof,” where
available.Keep car, boat, and other engines properly tuned.Be sure your tires are properly
inflated.Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever possible.Mulch or
compost leaves and yard waste.Consider using gas logs instead of wood.Carpool, use
public transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible.Follow gasoline refueling instructions
for efficient vapor recovery, being careful not to spill fuel and always tightening your gas cap
securely.Consider purchasing portable gasoline containers labeled “spill-proof,” where
available.Keep car, boat, and other engines properly tuned.Be sure your tires are properly
inflated.Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever possible.Mulch or
compost leaves and yard waste.Consider using gas logs instead of wood.
Source:"Actions You Can Take to Reduce Air Pollution | Ground-level Ozone | New England
| US EPA" https://www3.epa.gov/region1/airquality/reducepollution.html