General SENIOR

HIGH
Mathematics SCHOOL

Module
Simple and Compound
Propositions
12
Quarter 4
General Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 12: Simple and Compound Propositions
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Christopher J. Cruz and Rommel John L. Aballe
Editor: Nenet M. Peñaranda
Reviewers: Louela A. Dolotina and Ma. Lourdes Espino
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, Ed. D.
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javena, Ed. D.
Chief - School Governance and Operations Division
Manuel A. Laguerta, Ed. D.
Chief - Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors
1. Librada L. Agon, Ed. D., EPP/TLE
2. Liza A. Alvarez, Science
3. Bernard R. Balitao, Araling Panlipunan
4. Joselito E. Calios, English
5. Norlyn D. Conde, Ed. D., MAPEH
6. Wilma Q. Del Rosario, LRMS
7. Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D., Filipino
8. Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D., ESP/SPED
9. Dulce O. Santos, Ed. D., Kinder/MTB
10. Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D., Mathematics

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Division of Pasig City

General SENIOR
HIGH

Mathematics SCHOOL

Module

12
Quarter 4

Simple and Compound

Propositions
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Mathematics for Senior High School Module 12 on Simple
and Compound Propositions!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools Division
Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the Local
Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Mathematics Module on Simple and Compound

Propositions.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
 EXPECTATION
After going through this module , you are expected to:
1) illustrate and symbolize propositions;
2) distinguish between simple and compound propositions.

PRETEST

Directions: Decide whether each of the following is a proposition (P) or not a

proposition (NP).

____________1) Every triangle has three sides.

____________2) Rowena is one of the nurses assigned in Pasig City Children’s Hospital
– Child’s Hope.
____________3) Always wear your mask and face shield properly.
____________4) Write a letter
____________5) The first case of COVID-19 in the Philippines was documented in
January 2020.
____________6) What are the safety protocols announced by President Duterte?
____________7) As of August 2020, Batanes is one of the provinces with no active
cases of COVID-19.
____________8) Mindanao is an island in the Philippines.
____________9) Welcome to the Philippines!
____________10) If you are more than 60 yeas old, then you are part of the vulnerable
group, and if you are part of the vulnerable group then you are more than 60 years
old.

RECAP

Directions: Identify whether the following is a consumer loan (CL) or business loan
(BL).

____________1) Mr. Aballe plans to have a Math Tutorial Center. He wants to borrow
some money from the bank for him to buy the needed materials and equipment for
the tutorial center.
____________2) Mrs. Cruz decided to take her family for a one-week vacation. To cover
the expenses, she decided to apply for a loan.
____________3) Ronald decided to buy a condominium unit near to his workplace. He
applied for a loan amounting to PhP 2,000,000.
____________4) Mr. Uy runs a trucking business. He wants to buy three additional
trucks for the expansion of his business. He applied for a loan in a bank.
____________5) Rowena has a computer shop. She owns 10 computers. She decided
to borrow some money from a lending institution to buy 10 additional computers.
 LESSON

In this module you will learn the definition of proposition, symbolize proposition and
distinguish between simple proposition and compound proposition.

Definition
A proposition is a declarative sentence that can be classified as true or false, but
not both.

If a proposition is true, then its truth value is true, which is denoted by T; otherwise,
its truth value is false, which is denoted by F.

Propositions are usually denoted by small letter called propositional variables.

Examples:
• p: Everyone should study Mathematics
• q: Either you will stay at home or you will be at risk of the virus.
• r: She is five feet tall.
• s: Malolos is the capital of Bulacan.
• t: The number of recoveries from COVID-19 is increasing.
• u: If you recite the poem, then you will pass the oral examination.

Definition
A simple proposition is a proposition that conveys one thought with no connective
words.

Examples:
• Herbert is wearing a face mask to fight COVID-19.
• Rowena is one of the nurses assigned in The Medical City Hospital.
• 7 is an even number
• 3+2=5
• Christmas is celebrated on December 25.

A compound proposition contains two or more simple propositions that are put
together using connective words. Words such as and, or, not and if…then are
examples of connectives.

Examples:
• Either logic is fun and interesting or it is boring.
• Raul is not good at speaking Filipino.
• If you will follow the safety protocols then the less your risk to contact COVID-
19.
• Today is Friday and tomorrow is Saturday.

Components of Compound Proposition

Conjunction – two simple propositions connected using the word and/but.

Example:
• Today is Friday and tomorrow is Saturday.
Disjunction – two simple propositions connected using the word or.

Examples:
• I will pass the Math exam or I will be promoted.
• Either a student takes Mathematics elective next semester or he takes
a business elective next year.

Conditional/Implications – two simple propositions that are connected using the

words if…then.
The statement between the if and then is called the antecedent of the conditional.
The sentence that follows then is called the consequent.

Example:
• If you recite the poem then you will pass the oral examination.
• You are entitled to a PhP 30, 000 discount if you are a member.

Biconditional – two propositions that are connected using the words if and only if.
Example:
• Jill is happy if and only if Jack is attentive.
• Two sides of a triangle are congruent if and only if two angles opposite
them are congruent.

Negation – a statement that is false whenever the given is true and true whenever
the given statement is false. The negation can be obtained by inserting the word not
in the given statement or by prefixing it with phrases such as “It is not the case
that…”
Example:
• p: Herbert is good
Negation: “Herbert is not good” or “It is not the case that Herbert is
good”
• r: Her aunt’s name is Theresa
Negation: It is not the case that her aunt’s name is Theresa.

Additional Examples
In the given two simple propositions below, create compound propositions
(conjunction, disjunction, conditional/implication, biconditional and negation)
p: I am wearing my face mask properly.
q: I am wearing my face shield properly.

Conjunction: I am wearing my face mask and face shield properly.

Disjunction: I am wearing my face mask or face shield properly.
Conditional/Implication: If I am wearing my face mask properly then I am wearing
my face shield properly.
Biconditional: I am wearing my face mask properly if and only if I am
wearing my face shield properly.
Negation: I am not wearing my face mask nor face shield properly.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Practice
Directions: Decide whether each of the following is a proposition (P) or not a
proposition (NP).

____________1) Today is Monday.

____________2) Corazon Aquino was the president of the Philippines in 1985.
____________3) Pause for a while
____________4) Do you love mathematics?
____________5) 12 + 7 = 19 AND 19 – 53 = -34
____________6) Stand straight and recite the “Panatang Makabayan”.
____________7) If I got perfect score in the examination then I will treat you to lunch.
____________8) Take a break!
____________9) “Bawal Lumabas” is composed and sung by Kim Chui and went viral
in the year 2020.
____________10) All of our front liners deserve our hand salute.

Activity 2: Keep Practicing

Directions: Classify each proposition as simple(SP), compound (CP) or neither (N)

____________1) Neither Kahlil nor Deshna is present.

____________2) It is false that February 14 is a holiday.
____________3) When in doubt, stop!
____________4) Today is Sunday.
____________5) Teach her a lesson.
____________6) Robert went hunting or mountain climbing.
____________7) If 1, 2, and 3 are the only proper divisions of 6, then 6 is a perfect
number
____________8) Pause for a while and rest.
____________9) Go back to your room!
____________10) You are a good writer and speaker.

WRAP-UP

• How do you illustrate and symbolize propositions?

• How can you distinguish simple from compound propositions?

A proposition is a declarative sentence that can be classified as true or false, but

not both.
If a proposition is true, then its truth value is true, which is denoted by T; otherwise,
its truth value is false, which is denoted by F.
Propositions are usually denoted by small letter called propositional variables.

A simple proposition is a proposition that conveys one thought with no connective

words while a compound proposition contains two or more simple propositions that
are put together using connective words. Words such as and, or, not and if…then
are examples of connectives.
 VALUING

Mathematical logic, which is also called as symbolic logic deals mainly with
arguments and these arguments are made up of propositions. To distinguish whether
the argument is correct or incorrect, one needs to master the component of
propositions. Each day you make decisions in your life from simple to complex.
Decision making is very important for it will serve as our guide in every situation
especially in different times. It will also sharpen our skills to distinguish the right
thing to do. In this time of COVID-19 pandemic, how did you make your decisions
especially in overcoming anxiety in stress that was brought by this scenario?

POSTTEST
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct term or terms.
1) A ____________________ is a declarative sentence either true or false but
not both.
2) A ____________________ contains two or more single propositions that are
put together using connective words.
3) The negation can be obtained by inserting the word _____ or by prefixing
it with phrase such as ______________________.
4) Disjunction is two simple propositions that are connected using the word
______.
5) A ___________________ is a proposition that conveys one thought with no
connecting words.
6) ____________________ is two propositions connected using the word
and/but.

II. Classify each proposition as simple(SP) or compound. Further, classify

each compound as negation (CN), conjunction (CC), disjunction (CD),
conditional/implication (CI) or biconditional (CB).

____________1) Amihan, my friend took his master’s degree in Spain.

____________2) Roses are red but violets are blue.
____________3) Anna was on time, but Princess was late.
____________4) Either he watches a movie or dines with his friends.
____________5) Our solar system is the only solar system in the universe.
____________6) If a, b, and c denotes the legs and the hypotenuse of a right triangle
then a2 + b2 = c2.
 KEY TO CORRECTION

Pretest Recap Act. 1 Act. 2 Posttest

1) P 1) BL 1) P 1) CP I.
2) P 2) CL 2) P 2) CP 1) Proposition
3) NP 3) CL 3) NP 3) N 2) Compound Proposition
4) NP 4) BL 4) NP 4) SP 3) “Not”, “It is not the case that”
5) P 5) BL 5) P 5) N 4) or
6) NP 6) NP 6) CP 5) Simple Proposition
7) P 7) P 7) CP 6) Conjunction
8) P 8) NP 8) N II.
9) NP 9) P 9) N 1) SP 2) CC 3) CC 4) CD
10) P 10) P 10) CP 5) SP 6) CI

REFERENCES
Balajadia, L. F., Gerona, J. L., Dizon, R. J., Diaz, R. A. (2019). MTAP-DepEd Saturday
Program in Mathematics Grade 11 Session 4. MTAP-NCR

Oronce, O. A. (2016). General Mathematics. Rex Book Store, Inc.

Regidor, B.T., Aoanan, G.O., Simbulas, L. J, Plarizan, M. P. (2016). General

Mathematics for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc.,

Versoza, D. M., Apolinario, P. L., Tresvalles, R. M., Infante, F. N, Sin, J. L., Garces,
I. M. (2016). General Mathematics: Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press Inc,