POWERS OF PRESIDENT OF INDIA

The President of India officially it is called President of the Republic of India, is the ceremonial
head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Ram Nath
Kovind is the current and 14th president.

His power are divided in many parts such as :

 Legislative power
 Executive power
 Judicial power
 Appointment power
 Financial power
 Military power
 Pardoning power
 Emergency power

Brief explanation of President's power

Legislative power -- Legislative power is constitutionally vested in the Parliament of India
of which the president is the head, to facilitate the lawmaking process per the constitution. The
president summons both the houses of the parliament and prorogues them. He can also
dissolve the Lok Sabha.

All bills passed by the parliament can become laws only after receiving the assent of the
president . After a bill is presented to him, the president shall declare either that he assents to
the Bill, or that he withholds his assent from it. As a third option, he can return a bill to
parliament, if it is not a money bill, for reconsideration. President may be of the view that a
particular bill passed under the legislative powers of parliament is violating the constitution, he
can send back the bill with his recommendation to pass the bill under the constituent powers of
parliament following the Article 368 procedure. When, after reconsideration, the bill is passed
accordingly and presented to the president, with or without amendments, the president cannot
withhold his assent from it.

Executive power--the executive power of the country is vested in the president and is
exercised by president either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with
the constitution. When parliament thinks fit it may accord additional executive powers to the
president which may be further delegated by the president to the governors of states. Union
cabinet with prime minister as its head, should aid and advice the president in performing his
functions.

Judicial power-- The duty of president which is to be performed is to protect the

constitution at all cost.

The president appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges on the advice of the chief
justice. He dismisses the judges if and only if the two Houses of the parliament pass resolutions
to that effect by a two-thirds majority of the members present.

Appointment power -- The president appoints the prime minister , the president is
person who commands the majority in the lok sabha then he appoints the council of ministers
and distribute the portfolios on prime minister's advice to them and this council of the
ministers remain in power at the pleasure of president .

The President is responsible for making wide range of appointment. Such as :-

 chief justice and all other judges of the supreme court and high court.
 Chief minister of delhi (capital of India )
 Comptroller and auditor general
 The chief election commissioner and other election commissioners
 The Attorney general
 Ambassador and high commissioner to other countries
 Officers of the group a such as IPS IAS AND IFoS

Financial power -- All the financial power of President are as followed :-

 the money bill can be introduced in parliament only when president recommend for the
money bill .
 The annual financial statement is laid by the President in the parliament
 The finance commission is formed by the President in every five years to recommend
the distribution of the taxes between central goverment and state goverment

Military power-- the President is also the supreme commander of the Indian armed
forces. The President can conclude war or the peace in middle of the war But only on the
advice of prime minister and the union council of ministers. All the important treaties are
signed on name of President.
Pardoning power-- In indian constitution it is clearly mentioned that the President has the
power to give pardons in some of the situations such as :-

 If the Punishment is for an offence against the union law

 Punishment is given by the Military court
 If he is sentenced to death

Emergency powers-- president is one who decides to put emergencies . Emergencies can
be declare only above three conditions national ,state and financialunder the article 352 ,356 &
360in addition to promulgating ordinance under article 123.

 NATIONAL EMERGENCY :-A national emergency can be declared in the whole of India or
a part of its territory for causes of war or armed rebellion or an external aggression.
Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 (Indo-China war), 1971 (Indo-Pakistan
war)
Under Article 352 of the India constitution, the president can declare such an
emergency only on the basis of a written request by the cabinet of ministers headed by
the prime minister. Such a proclamation must be approved by the parliament with an at
least two-thirds majority within one month. Such an emergency can be imposed for six
months. It can be extended by six months by repeated parliamentary approval-there is
no maximum duration.
 STATE EMERGENCY :- if the President of India is not satisfied on the basis of
governors(of that very state ) report about the state or from other sources thet the
goverment of the state cannot be carried out according to the provisions in the
constitution then president can put the state emergency under the article 356
State emergency has time limit as it can be imposed from six months to a maximum
period of three years with repeated parliamentary approval every six months. If the
emergency needs to be extended for more than three years, this can be achieved by a
constitutional amendment, as has happened in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir
State emergency can be proclaimed by two article of constitution (356 and 365)
1. By Article 356 – If that state failed to run constitutionally, i.e. constitutional
machinery has failed. When a state emergency is imposed under this provision, the
state is said to be under "President's rule
2. By Article 365 – If that state is not working according to the direction of the Union
government issued per the provisions of the constitution.
 FINANCIAL EMERGENCY:-Article 282 accords financial autonomy in spending the
financial resources available with the states for public purpose.Article 293 gives liberty
to states to borrow without any limit to its ability for its requirements within the
territory of India without any consent from the Union government. However, Union
government can insist for compliance of its loan terms when a state has outstanding
loan charged to the consolidated fund of India or an outstanding loan in respect of
which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India under the liability of
consolidated fund of India.

Lucknow Cristian
degree college
Department of political science
Session 2020-2021
BA (SEMESTER-II)
Name : Abhay Pratap Singh
College roll no : 38263
University roll no : 200450020008
Enroll no :
Paper name : Political science
paper -II
Submitted to: Signature of candidate:
Dr.Kaushik mitra Abhay Pratap Singh