Fracture Mechanics (DE 514)

J-Integral and CTOD

Introduction to J-Integral
• The stress-strain behaviour of an elastic-plastic deformation is not simple, as it is well known to be non-linear.

• Loading behavior of an elastic-plastic material defers from the

unloading behavior.
• For given value of strain, there are always a two stress values,
therefore, one has to keep the track of the specimen being loaded
or unloaded.
• The stress-strain relationship further get complicated due to the
Bauschinger’s effect.

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Introduction to J-Integral
• Elastic-plastic behaviour makes the analysis of fracture mechanics complex, because this implies the existence of two

zones i.e. i) elastic-plastic zone near the crack tip ii) elastic zone surrounding to it.

• The interface between two zones is also not known and could be determined only by a complex analysis.

• The J-Integral is one such method which, in spite of some reservations, is the most accepted method to designers and

researchers of Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics (EPFM).

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Definition of the J-Integral
• Like other parameters (G and K), the J-Integral is also a parameter to characterize a crack. In fact, G is a special case of
the J-Integral. It was first applied by Rice J. in 1968 for plane problems. Therefore, it is popularly called as J-Integral.

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Definition of the J-Integral

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Definition of the J-Integral

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Example
• Determine the J-Integral for a double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen, if each cantilever is pulled by a distributed load P,
as shown in figure below.

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Example
• Determine the J-Integral for a double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen, if each cantilever is pulled by a distributed load P,
as shown in figure below.

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Example
• Determine the J-Integral for a double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen, if each cantilever is pulled by a distributed load P,
as shown in figure below.

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Path Independence
• Determine the J-Integral for a double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen, if each cantilever is pulled by a distributed load P,
as shown in figure below.

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Path Independence

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Stress-Strain Relation
• The fundamental assumption is that load is increased monotonically.
• Note that stress-strain relationship of all material are empirical. It is essential to choose the appropriate form of
constitutive relation for the analysis.

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Stress-Strain Relation

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J-Integral from Designer’s Point of View

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Experiments to Determine the Critical J-Integral

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Comments on the Numerical Evaluation of J-Integral

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Engineer Approach- A Short Cut

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Engineer Approach- A Short Cut

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Engineer Approach- A Short Cut

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Application to Engineering Problems

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Application to Engineering Problems

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Example

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Special Case: Three-Point Bend Specimen

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Special Case: Centre-Cracked Plate

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Special Case: Compact Tension Specimen

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Special Case: Single-Edge Notched Plate

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Special Case: Double-Edge Notched Plate

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Special Case: Axially Cracked Pressurized Cylinder

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Special Case: Circumferentially Cracked Cylinder

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Crack Tip Opening Displacement

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Relationship Between CTOD, KI and GI for SSY

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Relationship Between CTOD, KI and GI for SSY

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Relationship Between CTOD, KI and GI for SSY

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Equivalence Between CTOD and J

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 Thank You!

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