MODELING ON MOBILE JAMMER AND DETECTOR

A PROJECT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BY

NAME ROLL NUMBER

SOURAV DHAWA 15602818003

ANUP NASKAR 15602817012

SUBHASIS SADHU KHAN 15602813025

SUVABRATA GHOSH 15602818002

Under the Guidance Of

Mr.Suman Ghosal & Mr.Sougata Jana

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

PAILAN COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY

PAILAN, KOLKATA – 700104

UNDER

MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, KOLKATA – 104

Certificate of Recommendation
i
I hereby recommend that the paper entitled “MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MOBILE
JAMMER AND MOBILE DETECTOR” prepared by ;”SOURAV DHAWA ANUP NASKAR
SUVABRATA GHOSH SUVASIS SADHUKHAN” under my supervision, for the session2019 –
2021 be accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree
“BACHELOR OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING“ of MAULANA ABUL KALAM
AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL. The project in my opinion is worthy of
its acceptance.

………………………………………………………………..
....………………………………………………..

Mr.Sougata Jana Mr.Suman Ghosal

Project Guide Head of the Department of

Department of Electrical &Electronics' Engineering Electrical &Electronics

Engineering

Pailan College of Management and Technology Pailan College of Management and

Technology

…………………………………………………………………………

Prof. (Dr.) Ratul Kumar Majumder

Principle

Pailan College of Management and Technology

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

ii
The foregoing thesis is hereby approved as a credible study of an engineering subject carried
out and presented in a manner satisfactorily to warranty its acceptance as a perquisite to
the degree for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval the
undersigned do not endorse or approve any statement made or opinion expressed or
conclusion drawn therein by approve the only purpose for which it has been submitted.

Committee of final examination …………………………………………………

Or evaluation of thesis ………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………….

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iii
We wish to thank Pailan College of Management and Technology for supporting the
following project in every step.

We express our gratitude towards Mr.Ratul Kumar Majumder, Principle, Pailan College of
Management and Technology for his support and co-ordination in this project.

We are thankful to Mr.Suman Ghosal, Head of the Department, Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Pailan College of Management and Technology for providing me an
opportunity to carry out on this project.

We would like to thank our guides Mr.Sougata Jana and Mr.Suman Ghosal in making this
project successful and their comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

………………………………………….. ………………………………………

(SOURAV DHAWA) (ANUP NASKAR)

…………………………………………… ………………………………………….

(SUVASIS SADHU KHAN) (SUVABRATA GHOSH)

iv
 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................1-2

CONSTRUCTION..............................................................................3-4

CHAPTER-1
1.1 COMPONENTS.............................................................................5

1.2 ANTENA.......................................................................................5

1.3 AUDIO AMPLIFIER(LM 386)............................... ......................6 -10

1.4 OSCILOSCOPE...........................................................................11-13

1.5 TRANSISTOR.............................................................................14-15

1.6 LED.............................................................................................16

1.7 PIEZO BUZZER..........................................................................17-19

1.8 RESISTOR.................................................................................20-21

CHAPTER-2
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE SNIFFER.............................................22

2.2 RF LEVEL FROM MOBILE PHONE...................................................22

2.3 MOBILE DETECTOR CIRCUIT..........................................................23

CHAPTER-3
IMPLEMENTATION

BLOCK DIAGRAM............................................................................24

3.1 ALGORITHM.....................................................................................24

3.2 FLOW CHART...................................................................................25

3.3OPERATION OF CELL PHONE DETECTOR..........................................26

v
 CHAPTER-4

4.1 PROGRAMME.................................................................................27-29

CHAPTER-5
5.1 APPLICATION OF CELL PHONE DETECTOR.....................................30

5.2 ADVANTAGES OF CELL PHONE DETECTOR.....................................31

5.3 CUSTOMER NEEDS..........................................................................31

CHAPTER-6
6.1 CIRCUIT CONNECTION....................................................................32

6.2 OUTPUT GRAPH..............................................................................32

CHAPTER-7
7.1 RESULTS..........................................................................................33

CONCLUSION..................................................................................34

REFERENCE......................................................................................34

INTRODUCTION
 This handy cell phone detector, pocket-size mobile transmission detector can sense
the presence of an activated mobile cell phone from a short distance. So it can be used to
prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls, confidential rooms, etc. It is also useful
for detecting the use of mobile phone for spying and unauthorized video transmission. The
circuit can detect the incoming and outgoing calls, SMS and video transmission even if the
mobile phone is kept in the silent mode.

It senses the radio frequency (RF) transmissions from nearby cellular or mobile
phones. If required, other sources of RF transmissions can also be detected including two
way radios, and other wireless communication devices. When a transmission is detected, an
alarm sequence begins that may include any combination of visual LED glows. In addition
the unit can be used as a static or portable detector, and it can be used to generate remote
alarms, activate other equipment (including remote indication devices) and extend alarm
messages into other areas.

Cellular phone technology is rapidly changing. Features like Bluetooth, USB, high
resolution cameras, microphones, Internet, 802.11 wirelesses, and memory cards are added
every year. Also, the communication technology a cellular phone uses such as CDMA, GSM,
3G, and 4G are rapidly changing. Hence there is more chance for leaking of confidential
matter. In order to avoid such leakage of information cell phone detectors ar

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF MOBILE DETECTOR

 In this circuit main components are IC LM386 and Diodes.

 We have used 2 diodes IN34 series. These two diodes are connected alternate to each
other. They act as a Scotty Diode. So when the frequencies between Kilo Hz or Mega Hz
comes in range of these diodes the LED will glow.

 To simulate the circuit and to get output I used function generator and connect across
diodes, which produces frequency and the LED will glow.
 We will check circuit from 1kHz to 500mHz frequency. The range of this circuit is in few
meters.
 CONSTRUCTION
 The diodes we used are 1n34 series diodes which are used to detect the frequencies.
These are the main components in the circuit as they detect the mobile frequencies.

 These diodes connected alternatively so that these diodes act as a Schottky diode Because
Schottky Diode provides the forward path to the signal to reach towards the IC.  LM386 is
the amplifier IC.

 We have used capacitor because it gives high gain. If you remove capacitor from circuit
you will still get output.

 But when you connect capacitor LED glows brightly because of capacitor you are able to
drive on output indicators like LED or Buzzer.

 If you use 22uF capacitor LED will glow more brightly when circuit will detect mobile
phone frequencies.

 Increase or decrease in capacitance will not affect the output it will just increase output
gain so that indicators work more effectively.

MOBILE JAMMER

INTRODUCTION

.  A Mobile Jammer is a device which used to fail or disturb any communication system.

 Mobile Jammer produces a noise frequency range similar to the communication

frequency range which tend to add the noise to the communication frequency

WORKING PRINCIPLE
What is Mobile Jammer?

 Usually your mobile phone communication works on some range of frequencies. When in
these frequencies same range of frequency noise is get added then mobile communication
fails or get disturbed.
  When we add such range of frequencies in mobile communication using any circuit then
that circuit is called Mobile Jammer

.  Assume if some applications are working on 445MHz frequency range and you add same
range of frequency noise then those applications will not work correctly.
 Fig- 1. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF A MOBILE JAMMER CIRCUIT
CONSTRUCTION

 The Mobile Jammer circuit is mainly made up of three circuits:

RF Amplifier

o RF Amplifier is made up of capacitors, transistor and resistor and which is used to amplify
the signal and noise signal produced by capacitors.

Tuned oscillator

o Tuned oscillator produces high frequency with less damping.

Noise producing capacitors

o Noise producing capacitors produces the noise signal which will get add in
communication frequency range.

How to increase range of mobile/frequency jammer?

 To increase the range of frequency, you should change the values of 22nH inductor and
15pF capacitor. As you reduce the values of these two components range of frequency will
increase.

 To find how much range of frequency your circuit will produce use above formula.... 1/(2 x
pi x square root of (L x C))

 If you choose capacitor of 1pF and inductor less than 22nH then the circuit will produce
1GHz frequency means circuit will able to jam frequencies up to 1GHz.

CHAPTER-1
Circuit diagram of a mobile detector and jammer circuit.

1.1Components Used In Cell Phone jammer and detector:

 ANTENNA
 AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER
 OSCILOSCOP
 NPN-2N 3707 TRANSISTOR
 LED
 PIEZO BUZZER
 12V SUPPLY
 RESISTORS
 CAPACITORS
 1N3491

1.2 Antenna:
The size and shape of the antenna and the way it's constructed determine the gain and
directivity of the antenna. The antenna transmits and receives electromagnetic signals.
When gain increases the amount of desired signal energy that can be captured Increase but
the amount of environmental noise and interferences that's captured increases by the same
amount.

Antenna receives the radio frequency signals (RF signals) from the mobile phone.
The radio frequency signals are grasped by the antenna. In the detection process we use a
wire type antenna. An antenna (or aerial) is an electrical device which converts electric
currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio
receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter applies an oscillating radio frequency electric
current to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as
electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the
power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals that is
applied to a receiver to be amplified. An antenna can be used for both transmitting and
race.

1.3 AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER(LM 386):

1.3.1 FEATURES:
• Battery Operation

• Minimum External Parts

• Wide Supply Voltage Range: 4 V–12 V or 5 V–18 V

• Low Quiescent Current Drain: 4 Ma

• Voltage Gains from 20 to 200

• Ground-Referenced Input

• Self-Centering Output Quiescent Voltage

• Low Distortion: 0.2% (AV = 20, VS = 6 V, RL = 8 Ω, PO = 125 mW, f = 1 kHz)

• Available in 8-Pin MSOP Package

1.3.2 APPLICATION:
• AM-FM Radio Amplifiers

• Portable Tape Player Amplifiers

• Intercoms

• TV Sound Systems

• Line Drivers

• Ultrasonic Drivers

• Small Servo Drivers

• Power Converters

1.3.3 DESCRIPTION:
The LM386M-1 and LM386MX-1 are power amplifiers designed for use in low voltage
consumer applications. The gain is internally set to 20 to keep external part count low, but
the addition of an external resistor and capacitor between pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain
to any value from 20 to 200. The inputs are ground referenced while the output
automatically biases to one-half the supply voltage.
1.3.4 Device Information:

PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE

LM386N-1 PDIP(8) 9.60mm*6.35
LM386N-3 PDIP(8) 9.60mm*6.35
LM386N-4 PDIP(8) 9.60mm*6.35
LM386N-1 SOIC(8) 4.90mm*3.90
LM386MX-1 SOIC(8) 4.90mm*3.90
LM386MMX-1 VSSOP(8) 3.00mm*3.00

1.3.5 SCHEMATIC

FIG 1.1 LM386 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

1.3.6 Pin Configuration and Functions:

TYPE
DESCRIPTION

- Gain setting pin

I Inverting input

I No inverting input

P Ground reference

O Output

P Power supply voltage

O Bypass decoupling path

- Gain setting pin

FIG 1.2 LM386 PIN DIAGRAM

PIN FUNCTION

1.3.6 Typical Characteristics:

The IC is powered using the pin 6 (typically 5 or 9V) and the ground pin 4 is connected to the

ground. The inverting pin (pin 2) is normally grounded and the Non-inverting pin (pin 3) is

provided with the Audio signal. This audio signal can be from a microphone or even from a
3.5mm jack. The 10k resistor is added in series with the audio signal to act as a volume

control. You can ignore this potentiometer if you want to operate in full volume.

The pin 1 and pin 8 are used to set the gain of the Amplifier. If there is nothing connected

between these pins then the default gain will be 26 dB, but we can connect a 10 uF

capacitor across it to get the maximum ain of the IC which is 46dB. The pin 7 is used to

connect a filtering capacitor (0.1uf) for our amplifier IC to avoid unnecessary oscillation
 Fig- 1.3 Typical performance characteristics

1.3.7 Detailed Description:

Overview:
The LM386 is a mono low voltage amplifier that can be used in a variety of applications. It
can drive loads from 4 Ω to 32 Ω. The gain is internally set to 20 but it can be modified from
20 to 200 by placing a resistor and capacitor between pins 1 and 8. This device comes in
three different 8-pin packages as PDIP, SOIC and VSSOP to fit in different applications

Feature Description:
There is an internal 1.35-KΩ resistor that sets the gain of this device to 20. The gain can be
modified from 20 to 200. Detailed information about gain setting can be found in the
Detailed Design Procedure section.

Device Functional Modes:

As this is an Op Amp it can be used in different configurations to fit in several applications.
The internal gain setting resistor allows the LM386 to be used in a very low part count
system. In addition a series resistor can be placed between pins 1 and 5 to modify the gain
and frequency response for specific applications.

1.4 OSCILOSCOP:
1.4.1 INTRODUCTION:
An oscilloscope, previously called an oscilo graph, [1][2] and informally known as a scope or
o-scope, CRO (for cathode-ray oscilloscope), or DSO (for the more modern digital storage
oscilloscope), is a type of electronic test instrument that graphically displays varying signal
voltages, usually as a calibrated two dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of
time. The displayed waveform can then be analyzed for properties such as amplitude,
frequency, rise time, time interval, distortion, and others. Originally, calculation of these
values required manually measuring the waveform against the scales built into the screen of
the instrument. [3] Modern digital instruments may calculate and display these properties
directly.

The oscilloscope can be adjusted so that repetitive signals can be observed as a persistent
waveform on the screen. A storage oscilloscope can capture a single event and display it
continuously, so the user can observe events that would otherwise appear too briefly to see
directly.

1.4.2 Examples of use:

One of the most frequent uses of scopes is troubleshooting malfunctioning electronic
equipment. For example, where a voltmeter may show a totally unexpected voltage, a scope
may reveal that the circuit is oscillating. In other cases the precise shape or timing of a pulse
is important. In a piece of electronic equipment, for example, the connections between
stages (e.g., electronic mixers, electronic oscillators, amplifiers) may be 'probed' for the
expected signal, using the scope as a simple signal tracer. If the expected signal is absent or
incorrect, some preceding stage of the electronics is not operating correctly. Since most
failures occur because of a single faulty component, each measurement can show that some
of the stages of a complex piece of equipment either work, or probably did not cause the
fault

Once the faulty stage is found, further probing can usually tell a skilled technician exactly which
component has failed. Once the component is replaced, the unit can be restored to service, or at
least the next fault can be isolated. This sort of troubleshooting is typical of radio and TV receivers,
as well as audio amplifiers, but can Examples of use apply to quite-different devices such as
electronic motor drives. Another use is to check newly designed circuitry. Often, a newly designed
circuit misbehaves because of design errors, bad voltage levels, electrical noise etc. Digital
electronics usually operate from a clock, so a dual-trace scope showing both the clock signal and a
test signal dependent upon the clock is useful. Storage scopes are helpful for "capturing" rare
electronic events that cause defective operation.

1.4.3 Picture of use:

Fig- 1.4 heterodyne Fig- 1.5 sum of low frequency

. and high frequency

1.4.4 Automotive Use:

First appearing in the 1970s for ignition system analysis, automotive oscilloscopes are
becoming an important workshop tool for testing sensors and output signals on electronic
engine management systems, braking and stability systems. Some oscilloscopes can trigger
and decode serial bus messages, such as the CAN bus commonly used in automotive
applications

1.4.5 Types and models:

The following section is a brief summary of various types and models available. For a
detailed discussion, refer to the other article.

Cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO):

The earliest and simplest type of oscilloscope consisted of a cathode ray tube, a vertical
amplifier, a time base, a horizontal amplifier and a power supply. These are now called
"analog" scopes to distinguish them from the "digital" scopes that became common in the
1990s and later. Software Types and models Cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) Example of an
analogue oscilloscope Lissajous figure, showing a harmonic relationship of 1 horizontal
oscillation cycle to 3 vertical oscillation cycles For analogue television, an analogue
oscilloscope can be used as a vector scope to analyze complex signal properties, such as this
display of SMPTE color bars. Digital 4-channel oscilloscope monitoring a boost converter
Analogue scopes do not necessarily include a calibrated reference grid for size
measurement of waves, and they may not display waves in the traditional sense of a line
segment sweeping from left to right. Instead, they could be used for signal analysis by
feeding a reference signal into one axis and the signal to measure into the other axis. For an
oscillating reference and measurement signal, these results in a complex looping pattern
referred to as a Lissajous curve. The shape of the curve can be interpreted to identify
properties of the measurement signal in relation to the reference signal, and is useful across
a wide range of oscillation frequencies.

Dual-beam oscilloscope:
The dual-beam analog oscilloscope can display two signals simultaneously. A special dual-
beam CRT generates and deflects two separate beams. Multi-trace analog oscilloscopes can
simulate a dual beam display with chop and alternate sweeps—but those features do not
provide simultaneous displays. (Real time digital oscilloscopes offer the same benefits of a
dual-beam oscilloscope, but they do not require a dual-beam display.) The disadvantages of
the dual trace oscilloscope are that it cannot switch quickly between traces, and cannot
capture two fast transient events. A dual beam oscilloscope avoids those problems.

Analogue storage oscilloscope:

Trace storage is an extra feature available on some analog scopes; they used direct-view
storage CRTs. Storage allows a trace pattern that normally would decay in a fraction of a
second to remain on the screen for several minutes or longer. An electrical circuit can then
be deliberately activated to store and erase the trace on the screen.

Mixed-domain oscilloscopes:
A mixed-domain oscilloscope (MDO) is an oscilloscope that comes with an additional RF
input which is solely used for dedicated FFT-based spectrum analyzer functionality. Often,
this RF input offers a higher bandwidth than the conventional analog input channels. This is
in contrast to the FFT functionality of conventional digital oscilloscopes which use the
normal analog inputs. Some MDOs allow time-correlation of events in the time domain (like
a specific serial data package) with events happening in the frequency domain (like RF
transmissions).

Handheld oscilloscopes:
Handheld oscilloscopes are useful for many test and field service applications. Today, a hand
held oscilloscope is usually a digital sampling oscilloscope, using a liquid crystal display.
Many hand-held and bench oscilloscopes have the ground reference voltage common to all
input channels. If more than one measurement channel is used at the same time, all the
input signals must have the same voltage reference, and the shared default reference is the
"earth". If there is no differential preamplifier or external signal isolator, this traditional
desktop oscilloscope is not suitable for floating measurements. (Occasionally an oscilloscope
user breaks the ground pin in the power supply cord of a bench-top oscilloscope in an
attempt to isolate the signal common from the earth ground. This practice is unreliable
since the entire stray capacitance of the instrument cabinet connects into the circuit. It is
also a hazard to break a safety ground connection, and instruction manuals strongly advise
against it.) Some models of oscilloscope have isolated inputs, where the signal reference
level terminals are not connected together. Each input channel can be used to make a
"floating" measurement with an independent signal reference level. Measurements can be
made without tying one side of the oscilloscope input to the circuit signal common or
ground reference.

PC-based oscilloscopes:
Some digital osciloscope rely on a PC platform for display and control of the instrument. This
can be in the form of a standalone oscilloscope with internal PC platform (PC main board),
or as external oscilloscope which connects through USB or LAN to a separate PC or laptop.

1.5 TRANSISTOR(NPN-2N 3707):

1.5.1 DESCRIPTION:
The CENTRAL SEMICONDUCTOR 2N3707 series devices are silicon NPN transistors designed
for low level, low noise (2N3707), low level, high gain (2N3708, 2N3709, 2N3710, 2N3711)
applications. Recommended PNP complementary series is 2N4058 thru 2N4062.

1.5.2 MAXIMUM RATINGS: Symbol Unit

Collector-Base Voltage VCBO 30 V

Collector-Emitter Voltage VCEO 30 V

Emitter-Base Voltage VEBO 6.0 V

Continuous Collector Current IC 200 mA

Power Dissipation PD 625 mW

Operating and Storage Junction Temperature TJ, Tstg -65 to +150 °C

1.5.3 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: (=25°C unless otherwise noted):

SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNITS

I CBO VCB=20V 100 NA

I EBO VEB=6.0V 100 NA

BVCEO IC=1.0Ma 30 V

VCE (SAT) IC=10mA, IB=0.5mA 1.0 V

VBE (ON) VCE=5.0V, IC=1.0mA 0.5 1.0 V

NF VCE=5.0V , IC=100μA, RG=10KΩ, 5.0 dB

BW=15.7 kHz (2N3707 only)

1.5.4 Characteristics of 2N3707 Transistor:

2 Type - NPN
3 Collector-Emitter Voltage: 30 V
4 Collector-Base Voltage: 30 V
5 Emitter-Base Voltage: 6 V
6 Collector Current: 0.2 A
7 Collector Dissipation - 0.625 W
8 DC Current Gain (hfe) - 100 to 400
9 Operating and Storage Junction Temperature Range -55 to +150 °C
10 Package - TO-92

1.5.5 Pin out of 2N3707:

The 2N3707 is manufactured in a plastic TO-92 case. When looking at the flat side
with the leads pointed downward, the three leads emerging from the transistor are,
from left to right, the emitter, collector, and base leads.
Here is an image showing the pin diagram of the this transistor.

1.5.5 Complementary PNP transistor:

The 2N4058 is a complementary PNP transistor for the 2N3707.
1.5.6 Replacement and Equivalent for 2N3707:
We can replace the 2N3707 with
the 2N3708, 2SC1959, 2SC2002, 2SC3330, 2SC3331, 2SC3382, 2SC3383, 2SC39
16, 2SC3917, 2SC3918, 2SC3919, 2SC3920, 2SC3921, 2SC3922, 2SC3923, 2SD1
207, 2SD1347, 2SD1835, 2SD789, KSC1008C or KSC815C.

Fig 1.6 2N 3707

1.6 LED:
1.6.1 Introduction:
LED means Light Emitting Diode. It is an electronic device that lights up when electricity is
passed through it. LEDs are usually red. They are good for displaying images because they
can be relatively small.The moment the bug detects RF transmission signal from an
activated mobile phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks LED‟s contain an
integrated multivibrator circuit inside which causes the LED to flash with a typical time
period.

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source.LED‟s are used as indicator

lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. When a light emitting
diode is forward-biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes
within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called
electroluminescence and the colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon)
is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are often small in area (less
than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern
LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy
consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. LEDs
powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current
and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.

Fig 1.7: Light Emitting Diodes

1.7 Piezo Buzzer:

1.7.1 Introduction:
The piezo buzzer produces sound based on reverse of the piezoelectric effect. These buzzers
can be used alert a user of an event corresponding to a switching action, counter signal or
sensor input.The buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation
applied to it. It consists of piezo crystals between two conductors.When a potential is
applied across these crystals, they push on one conductor and pull on the other.This, push
and pull action, results in a sound wave. Most buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4
kHz
 Fig1.8: Piezo Buzzer

A piezoelectric disk generates a voltage when deformed (change in shape is greatly

exaggerated). A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure
pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical charge.
Piezoelectric sensors have proven to be versatile tools for the measurement of various
processes. They are used for quality assurance, process control and for research and
development in many different industries.

1.7.2 Piezo Buzzer Characteristics:

 Wide operating voltage: 3~250 V

 Lower current consumption: less than 30 mA higher rated frequency

 Larger footprint

 Higher sound pressure level

1.7.3 Piezo Buzzer Structure:

 Fig 1.9: Structure of piezo buzzer

There are two types of piezo buzzers - transducers and indicators. Transducers consist of a
casing, a piezoceramic element and a terminal. In order to operate a transducer, the user
must send a square wave signal to the buzzer. Indicators consist of a casing, a piezoceramic
element, a circuit board and a terminal. In order to operate an indicator, the user must send
the buzzer a specified dc voltage.

Indicator Characteristics:

 Built-in driving circuit (frequency generator)

 Simple to design-in

 Fixed frequency (function)

Transducer Characteristics:

 External driving circuit required

 Complex to design-in

 User-selected frequencies or multiple frequencies

1.8 RESISTOR:
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce
current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate
transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many
watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as part of motor controls, in power
distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have resistances
that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors
can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or
as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.

Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are
ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors as discrete components can be
composed of various compounds and forms. Resistors are also implemented within
integrated circuits.

The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common commercial

resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of magnitude. The
nominal value of the resistance falls within the manufacturing tolerance, indicated on
the component.

Type Passive

Working Electric

Principle resistance

Fig 1.10: Resistor

1.8.1 Electronic symbols and notation:

(a)resistor, (b) rheostat (variable resistor), IEC resistor symbol

and (c) potentiometer

 1.8.2 Theory of operation:

Ohm's law:
The behaviour of an ideal resistor is dictated by the relationship specified by Ohm's law:

V =I * R
Ohm's law states that the voltage (V) across a resistor is proportional to the current (I),
where the constant of proportionality is the resistance (R). For example, if a 300 ohm
resistor is attached across the terminals of a 12 volt battery, then a current of 12 / 300 =
0.04 amperes flows through that resistor.

Practical resistors also have some inductance and capacitance which affect the relation
between voltage and current in alternating current circuits.

The ohm (symbol: Ω) is the SI unit of electrical resistance, named after Georg Simon Ohm.
An ohm is equivalent to a volt per ampere. Since resistors are specified and manufactured
over a very large range of values, the derived units of milliohm (1 mΩ = 10−3 Ω), kilo ohm (1
kΩ = 103 Ω), and mega ohm (1 MΩ = 106 Ω) are also in common usage.

Fig 1.11: hydraulic pressure

 CHAPTER-2

MOBILE SNIFFER
2.1 Introduction to Mobile Sniffer:
The soul purpose of the circuit/sniffer/detector is to detect unauthorized use of Mobile
phones in restricted areas such as examination halls, confidential rooms, Mobile banned
areas etc. The circuit can detect the RF radiation from the Mobile phone (even in the silent
mode) which is used to detect the phone use. It detects incoming. Outgoing calls, SMS,
Video, Snapping etc. There is RF radiations in the atmosphere due the operation of many
electronic devices, Radio and Telecommunication devices. The RF level may change if a
communication system generates very high frequency RF signals during its operation. The
circuit can compare the normal RF in the room as well as the strong RF emitted by the
Mobile phone.

2.2 RF level from Mobile phone:

Mobile phone uses 2.5 GHz RF signals in the Microwave range for two way
communications. The GHz signals are very strong which can go through the air without any
disturbance. If GHz signals come in the air, it will supersede all other low frequency RF
available. So it is easy to detect the variation in the RF levels in the room in the normal state
as well as during mobile activation. Mobile phone uses RF with a wavelength of 30cm at 872
to 2170 MHz. That is the signal is high frequency with huge energy. When the mobile phone
is active, it transmits the signal in the form of sine wave which passes through the space.
The encoded audio/video signal contains electromagnetic radiation which is picked up by
the receiver in the base station. Mobile phone system is referred to as ―Cellular Telephone
system‖ because the coverage area is divided into ―cells‖ each of which has a base station.
The transmitter power of the modern 2G antenna in the base station is 20-100 watts.

Generally, when people hear the word radiation, they’re thinking of ionizing radiation, like
X-rays and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation carries enough energy to break chemical bonds,
knock electrons out of atoms, and cause direct damage to cells in organic matter. In fact,
ionizing radiation carries more than a billion times more energy than does non-ionizing
radiation. A little ionizing radiation can be used to produce x-ray images for diagnosis. A lot
of ionizing radiation is needed to kill cancer cells in radiation therapy.

By contrast, non-ionizing radiation does not have enough energy to break chemical bonds or
strip electrons from atoms.
2.3 Mobile Detector Circuit:

Fig. 2.1: Mobile detector

This small mobile transmission detector can sense the presence of an activated mobile
phone from a distance of one meter. So it can be used to prevent use of mobile phones in
examination halls, confidential rooms, etc. It is also useful for detecting the use of mobile
phone for spying and unauthorised video transmission. The circuit can detect both the
incoming and outgoing calls, SMS and video transmission even if the mobile phone is kept in
the silent mode. The moment the bug detects RF transmission signal from an activated
mobile phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks. The alarm continues until
the signal transmission ceases. An ordinary RF detector using tuned LC circuits is not
suitable for detecting signals in the GHz frequency band used in mobile Phones

The transmission frequency of mobile phones ranges from 0.9 to 3 GHz with a wavelength
of 3.3 to 10 cm. So a circuit detecting gigahertz signals is required for a mobile.
 CHAPTER-3

IMPLEMENTATION
Block Diagram:

Fig 3.1: Block Diagram

3.1 Algorithm:
STEP-1 : Supply is given to activate the circuit.

STEP-2 : A transaction is made through the mobile.

STEP-3 : The antenna receives the IR signals and passes them to op-amp.

STEP-4 : LED glows indicating that IR signals are sensed.

STEP-5 : The output of op-amp is fed to the timer.

STEP-6 : The timer is triggered.

STEP-7 : The timer activates the buzzer.

STEP-8 : The buzzer indicates that the cell phone is detected.

 Start

3.2 Flow Chart:

Supply is given

TRANSACTION THROUGH MOBILE

ANTENA RECIEVES IR SIGNALS

SIGNALS ARE PASSED THROUGH OP-AMP

LED GLOWS

OUTPUT OF OP-AMP IS FED TO TIMER

TIMER IS TRIGERED

BUZZER IS ACTIVATED

CELL PHONE IS DETECTED

STOP

3.3 Operation of Cell Phone Detector:

An ordinary RF detector using tuned LC circuits is not suitable for detecting signals in
the GHz frequency band used in mobile phones. The transmission frequency of mobile
phones ranges from 0.9 to 3 GHz with a wavelength of 3.3 to 10 cm. So a circuit
detecting gigahertz signals is required for a mobile bug. Here the circuit uses a 0.22μF
disk capacitor (C3) to capture the RF signals from the mobile phone. The lead length of
the capacitor is fixed as 18 mm with a spacing of 8 mm between the leads to get the
desired frequency. The disk capacitor along with the leads acts as a small gigahertz loop
antenna to collect the RF signals from the mobile phone.

Op-amp IC CA3130 (IC1) is used in the circuit as a current-to-voltage converter with

capacitor C3 connected between its inverting and non-inverting inputs. It is a CMOS
version using gate-protected p-channel MOSFET transistors in the input to provide very
high input impedance, very low input current and very high speed of performance. The
output CMOS. Transistor is capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10 mV of
either supply voltage terminal.

Capacitor C3 in conjunction with the lead inductance acts as a transmission line that
intercepts the signals from the mobile phone. This capacitor creates a field, stores
energy and transfers the stored energy in the form of minute current to the inputs of
IC1. This will upset the balanced input of IC1 and convert the current into the
corresponding output voltage.

Capacitor C4 along with high-value resistor R1 keeps the non-inverting input stable for
easy swing of the output to high state. Resistor R2 provides the discharge path for
capacitor C4. Feedback resistor R3 makes the inverting input high when the output
becomes high. Capacitor C5 (47pF) is connected across „strobe‟ (pin 8) and „null‟
inputs (pin 1) of IC1 for phase compensation and gain control to optimize the frequency
response.

When the mobile phone signal is detected by C3, the output of IC1 becomes high and
low alternately according to the frequency of the signal as indicated by LED1. This
triggers monostable timer IC2 through capacitor C7. Capacitor C6 maintains the base
bias of transistor T1 for fast switching action. The low-value timing components R6 and
C9 produce very short time delay to avoid audio nuisance .

Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB as compact as possible and enclose in a
small box like junk mobile case. As mentioned earlier, capacitor C3 should have a lead
length of 18 mm with lead spacing of 8 mm. Carefully solder the capacitor in standing
position with equal spacing of the leads. to make the gadget pocket-size.

CHAPTER-4
4.1 PROGRAMME:
* lm386 subcircuit model follows:

*************original IC pins: 2 3 7 1 8 5 6 4

* IC pins: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

* | | | | | | | |

.subckt lm386 g1 inn inp gnd out vs byp g8

*************original.subckt lm386 inn inp byp g1 g8 out vs gnd

* input emitter-follower buffers:

q1 gnd inn 10011 ddpnp

r1 inn gnd 50k

q2 gnd inp 10012 ddpnp

r2 inp gnd 50k

* differential input stage, gain-setting

* resistors, and internal feedback resistor:

q3 10013 10011 10008 ddpnp

q4 10014 10012 g1 ddpnp

r3 vs byp 15k

r4 byp 10008 15k

r5 10008 g8 150

r6 g8 g1 1.35k

r7 g1 out 15k
* input stage current mirror:

q5 10013 10013 gnd ddnpn

q6 10014 10013 gnd ddnpn

* voltage gain stage & rolloff cap:

q7 10017 10014 gnd ddnpn

c1 10014 10017 15pf

* current mirror source for gain stage:

i1 10002 vs dc 5m

q8 10004 10002 vs ddpnp

q9 10002 10002 vs ddpnp

* Sziklai-connected push-pull output stage:

q10 10018 10017 out ddpnp

q11 10004 10004 10009 ddnpn 100

q12 10009 10009 10017 ddnpn 100

q13 vs 10004 out ddnpn 100

q14 out 10018 gnd ddnpn 100

* generic transistor models generated

* with MicroSim's PARTs utility, using

* default parameters except Bf:

.model ddnpn NPN(Is=10f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100

+ Bf=400 Ise=0 Ne=1.5 Ikf=0 Nk=.5 Xtb=1.5 Var=100

+ Br=1 Isc=0 Nc=2 Ikr=0 Rc=0 Cjc=2p Mjc=.3333

+ Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=5p Mje=.3333 Vje=.75 Tr=10n

+ Tf=1n Itf=1 Xtf=0 Vtf=10)

.model ddpnp PNP(Is=10f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=100

+ Bf=200 Ise=0 Ne=1.5 Ikf=0 Nk=.5 Xtb=1.5 Var=100

+ Br=1 Isc=0 Nc=2 Ikr=0 Rc=0 Cjc=2p Mjc=.3333

+ Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=5p Mje=.3333 Vje=.75 Tr=10n

+ Tf=1n Itf=1 Xtf=0 Vtf=10)

.ends

*----------end of subcircuit model-----------

CHAPTER-5

5.1 APPLICATIONS OF CELL PHONE DETECTORS

5.1.1 Military Basis:
 In government buildings and military bases the unit should be installed in all sensitive areas.
In addition to potential RAT phones, the Cellphone Detector can detect bugs emitting RF
within the specified band range. In addition, it can be rigged to trigger a digital camera to
capture an image of a person using a phone in a restricted area by sending a signal to an
external trigger mechanism from the remote alarm terminal.

5.1.2 Prisons:
Cellphone Detector may be placed outside cell doors during „lock up‟ hours within prison
wings to reduce illicit cellular phone activity. In addition, Cellphone Detector maybe
installed in entranceways, corridors, waiting and meeting areas where inmates‟ visits are
conducted.

5.1.3 Hospitals:
Cellphone Detector units are installed in general locations in corridors and waiting rooms to
deter nuisance public cellular phone usage. Sensitive electronic equipment within intensive
care wards and operating theatres that are vulnerable to RF interference will have units
installed near them.

5.1.4 Schools and Colleges:

Cell phone Detector units are installed in general locations in corridors, assembly points,
concourses, classrooms and lecture theatres to promote conformity and establishment
order. Cell phone detector units are deployed in examination rooms to deter examination
fraud via text messaging.

5.1.5 Places of Worship:

Cellphone Detector units are installed as a deterrent at the main entrance. Where cellular
phone misuse is a severe or persistent problem then units can be installed in the main
prayer area with audio alert set to low volume.

5.1.6 Museums and Libraries:

Cellphone Detector units are installed in all areas in museums and libraries with audio
warning on low volume.

5.1.7 Courtrooms
Cellphone Detector units are installed directly outside courtrooms with range set to near.
Inside the courtroom itself, a wall-mounted unit silently flashing in the public gallery may
alert security staff.
5.1.8 General Application:
Cellular phone detection and deterrence is an additional layer of security for your
organization. How effective this layer of security will be will be dependent on the
environment, the number of devices installed and how the detectors are integrated with
other layers of security such as metal detection and access control systems. Confidential
advice and assistance regarding how this product can be used is available from your supplier

5.2 Advantages of Cell Phone Detector:

 Smaller in size
 Detection of hidden cell phones

5.3 Customer Needs:

Although the scope of this type of circuit is very wide, the final customers for this project
will be a teacher during a test time in order to detect cheating using cell phones. Now a day
there is no comparable device in use that can resolve this kind of problem. At present the
only way to determine whether students are using unsafe electronics is by visual inspection.
The project has the following specifications based on customer needs:

5.3.1 Maximum detection range: the circuit is developed to detect signals with
maximum distance from it comparing with the one that has been developed since.

5.3.2 Distance indicator: This is the most interesting part of our project. The circuit can
show whether you are far or close to the source of the signal using its 4 LEDs installed with 4
bit counter circuit.

5.3.3 Secret identification: in order to insure the safety of the environment and other
peaceful students who are taking the exam the indication system is using 4 LEDs. This gives
the teacher to find out where the source of the signal is without being considered.

5.3.4 Portability: the final device to be created in this project is easy to be handled and
moved all the teachers walk through in order to cover all over the hall.

5.3.5 Easily maintainable: the PCB that has been designed for this device has 4 parts
that enables it to be easily fixable in case of emergency and maintenance problem.

CHAPTER-6
PROJECT KIT

6.1 Circuit Connections:

 Fig 6.1: Circuit Connections

6.2 Output Graph:

Fig 6.2: oscilloscope graph

CHAPTER-7
RESULTS
1.power is turned ON, the LCD displays the message:
INITIALISING………………….

CONNECTING..GSM

MOBILE PHONE

DETECTOR

2. When the Sniffer detects mobile signal, the LCD than displays the message
as:
PHONE DETECTED

ACTIVATING JAMMER

SENDING SMS….

SENT…>>>

JAMMER ACTIVATED

3. During this process the Relay turns on the Jammer, while the GSM is sending
the message to the master cell phone. As the message is sent, the jammer is
activated and blocks all the signal within its range. Thus completing the whole
process.

CONCLUSION
Cellular phone technology is gaining new data capabilities very rapidly.
New features like Bluetooth, high resolution cameras, memory cards, and
Internet make them ideal for getting data in and out of secure facilities. A
cellular phone uses many different transmission protocols such as FDMA or
CDMA. These protocols dictate how a cellular phone communicates with
the tower. Typically cellular phones in the United States operate between
824 - 894 MHz. Many businesses depend on keeping information protected
and build fortresses that called secure facilities to protect their investment.
Currently the only way to ensure that no one is bringing a cellular phone
into a secure facility is to search everyone entering and exiting. This
requires a lot of manpower and money to implement. This project is used
for military and civil defense for mobile radiation detection. Used for
spying the unauthorized video transmission in mobile phones. Used to
prevent the usage of mobile phones in examination and seminar halls. The
signals emitted by mobile phones can interfere with some electronic
equipment inside the hospital. This could have fatal consequences.so we
use this project to detect the usage of mobile phones in the above places.

REFERENCE:

1. Youtube.com
2. Google.com
3. Datasheetspdf.com
4. Electrogeekz.com

THANK YOU